Abstract: Method for removing nitrogen oxides from gases in which, at first, the molar ratio between NO and NO.sub.2 is set to 1 in said gas and subsequently the nitrogen oxides are absorbed in a hydrous ammonia solution, whereby ammonium nitrate is formed. In order to achieve the desired molar ratio in a simple manner, it is intended for setting the molar ratio between NO and NO.sub.2, to inject NO.sub.2 into the gas in a controlled manner, said NO.sub.2 having been formed by the reaction between ammonium nitrate with a strong acid.

Abstract: A rock bolt comprises a bolt rod secured in a borehole, a retaining plate attached outside the borehole, a bolt head for the retaining plate, and a supporting connection between the bolt rod and the retaining plate. The supporting connection comprises a tubular member adapted to be inserted into the bore hole, the tubular member having an outer end and an inner end, the outer tubular member end bearing on the retaining plate, and a compressively loaded, deformable and upsettable sleeve member accommodated with a clearance in the tubular member and held between a rodside thrust face and a plateside thrust face constituted by a collar adjacent the inner tubular member end.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing cartridge cases, particularly for distinguishing between different fuzing systems of cartridge cases for center fire cartridges, comprises sensing means, which are reciprocable along the longitudinal center line of the cartridge case from and to a predetermined initial position, and means which oppose a displacement of the sensing means from the initial position. Means may be provided for indicating a displacement of the sensing means from their initial position. The apparatus may constitute a cartridge case processing tool for use in a machine for loading cartridge cases for center fire cartridges or may be integrated in the sizing die of such machine. The sensing means may comprise mechanical sensing means or an optical sensor, which is adapted to be inserted into the cartridge case and is opertively connected to an indicator.

Abstract: The length measuring system comprises a scale member provided with a scale and a scanning unit, which is movable along the scale and is guided by the scale member or by separate tracks, which are parallel to the scale and is coupled to an actuating member by a backlashless coupling. The two coupling elements of the coupling cross each other and are in point contact with each other and having engaging surfaces which are centered on axes which are normal to the longitudinal direction of the scale member. A backlash of the coupling is prevented by a permanent magnetic biasing set, which comprises parts which are respectively connected to the actuating member and to the scanning unit and consist of two permanent magnets or of a permanent magnet and an armature.

Abstract: A device for smoothing out and pressing together the free projecting end extending over the filling material of filled sacks, said sacks comprising side walls which are inwardly folded and there being two movable pairs of fingers engaging in the sack in the plane of the opened sack or a plane being parallel to said plane as well as a plane being lateral to said plane, whereby said fingers of each of said pair of fingers are arranged at a distance in the transverse direction of the sack opening and two rods or knives are arranged, said rods or knives being movable against each other and are extendable from the outer side of the sack between the fingers of each pair of fingers engaging in the sack, and, if necessary, on both sides of a closable loading funnel of a sack filling station.

Abstract: An apparatus for tensioning or longitudinally sliding a rail of a laid track to reduce a gap between adjacent ends of longitudinally successive rail sections to be welded together to form the rail, the fastening elements of the longitudinally successive rail sections having been loosened, which comprises a closed, ring-shaped mechanical structural unit including two longitudinally spaced pairs of rail clamping jaws and two transversely spaced hydraulic cylinder-piston devices connecting the pairs of rail clamping jaws and operating the same. These pairs of rail clamping jaws are spaced longitudinally and the cylinder-piston devices are spaced transversely to define a sufficient central space in the ring-shaped mechanical structural unit for receiving a flash-butt welding head.

Abstract: Soot particles are separated from diesel exhaust gases and burned by passing them in a direction of flow through a cellular filter open at both ends and comprised of honeycomb-shaped cells, and subjecting the soot particles to an electric or magnetic field before the soot particles are burned. The honeycomb-shaped cells are very wide transversely to the direction of flow and very flat in the direction of flow, and the webs of the honeycomb-shaped cells extending in the direction of flow are very thin.

Abstract: In order to increase the latitude regarding the distribution of needles in a needle board in a direction which is transverse to the direction of travel of a web which is to be needled in an apparatus for needling the web while it is supported by a deck provided with a grate of parallel blades, it is proposed to arrange the blades of the grate so that they extend transversely to the direction of travel of the web.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a non-woven fabric comprises a plurality of tooth-carrying carding drums, which rotate in the same sense and succeed each other in the direction of travel of the preliminary web. Each carding drum which succeeds another in the direction of travel of the preliminary web constitutes a worker roller for the next preceding carding drum. The fibers flow off from the carding drums in discharge ducts and are deposited on a collecting surface, to which suction is applied. In order to ensure a uniform deposition of the fibers on the collecting surface, each discharge passage is provided adjacent to its boundary walls with an air inlet opening, which extends throughout the width of the collecting surface and is constituted by an air-entraining injector nozzle, which is directed toward the collecting surface and discharges an air stream which is parallel to the boundary wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for advancing an empty sack in a conveying direction to a filling station comprising a charging funnel, which comprises a magazine containing a stack of horizontally extending flattened empty sacks, from which uppermost sacks are successively removed and each uppermost sack is horizontally conveyed in succession. A conveyor is arranged to receive each horizontally conveyed sack in succession, and this conveyor comprises a horizontal support for at least partially supporting each horizontally conveyed sack in succession, a pair of suction devices adjacent a leading edge of the support and arranged at opposite sides of the sack supported thereon, the suction devices being displaceable in a direction extending transversely to the support for gripping and opening the sack on the support, and the support and suction devices being pivotal in unison between a receiving position wherein the support is positioned to receive the horizontally conveyed sack and a transfer position.

Abstract: A method for the thermal decomposition of a fluid toxic substance contained in a gas comprises a cylindrical main combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber arranged thereabove. An inlet opening leads into the main combustion chamber at an angle to introduce a stream of the gas containing the toxic substance into the main combustion chamber with an angular momentum, a burner is arranged to direct a flame into the main combustion chamber above the inlet opening for subjecting the gas containing the toxic substance to combustion, and an annular gas stream retaining device is arranged above the burner.

Abstract: In a process in which a non-woven strip is needled to a revolving endless carrier web, adjacent convolutions of the non-woven strip should exactly adjoin each other. For that purpose each convolution of the non-woven strip is initially needled to the carrier web with the exception of a marginal portion, which constitutes a free longitudinal edge, and that marginal portion is needled after the position and direction of the free longitudinal edge have been detected.

Abstract: A web-like element for filling limited space comprises a series of successive gas pockets formed by division of a continuous flexible tubular casing. Each gas pocket contains a given gas volume which does not fill the receptacle volume of the gas pocket completely. The gas may comprise air or nitrogen gas enclosed in a casing of polyethylene. The web-like element comprising gas cushions has great formability for mating up to the walls of the space and adjacent packed parts of the elements, as well as permitting a high degree of filling in the space. The element may be used as buoyancy filling for floating bodies or as insulating filling for spaces in buildings.

Abstract: To permit an efficient and inexpensive setting of marker plugs for ground marking, a setting apparatus is provided, which is mounted on an intermittently operable chassis and comprises a piercer, a plug magazine and a plug setter, wherein the piercer leads the plug setter with a predetermined spacing and the chassis is advanced in steps corresponding to said spacing.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hot gas flue pipe assembly designed for use inside a heating boiler. The assembly has an outer pipe and an inner pipe, and the outer pipe envelopes the inner pipe in such a way that circumferential contact deformations disposed at least in separate sub zones are capable of transferring heat between the two pipes. In order to prevent the occurrence of cracking noises during the flow of hot flue gases through the hot gas flue pipe, or at least to reduce such noises to an acceptable level, the inner pipe comprises one or more sections which, when inserted inside the outer pipe, define with their opposed ends, a circumferential gap that is filled with an elastic, heat-resistant and moisture-resistant cementitious material.

Abstract: A machine for exchanging old ties for new ties, which comprises a self-propelled standard railroad vehicle comprising a machine frame, undercarriages supporting the machine frame for mobility on the railroad track, a drive for advancing the vehicle in an operating direction, and an operator's cab. A tie exchanging device is connected to the machine frame and arranged within sight of the operator's cab, the tie exchanging device being operable for withdrawing the old ties and inserting the new ties and comprising a longitudinally adjustable tie gripping means including a tie clamp, a drive for longitudinally adjusting the tie gripping means, and respective drives for vertically adjusting and for operating the tie clamp between tie engaging and tie releasing positions.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus for sequentially exchanging selected consecutive groups of oil ties in an existing railroad track for groups of new ties while retaining groups of old ties therebetween to support the mobile apparatus on the track, comprises at least one bridge-like work vehicle having a frame defining an upwardly recessed portion between respective ends thereof, and a succession of different individual devices mounted in the recessed frame portion of a respective work vehicle and operative to effectuate different sequential operations for exchanging the selected old ties for the new ties, the tie exchanging devices including at least two tie pulling and inserting devices arranged for longitudinal displacement within view of an operator's accommodation. A respective drive displaces each tie pulling and inserting device with respect to the work vehicle frame along a displacement path extending in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the work vehicle frame.

Abstract: For use in the graphiting of carbon bodies, a graphiting furnace is proposed, which contains inert gas and in which carbon bodies forced together to form a train are fed in feeding steps. The train is axially gripped to set up therein an axial compressive stress which is sufficient to render the train self-supporting. That axial compressive stress is also maintained while a graphited carbon body is removed from the train and a carbon body to be graphited is added to the train between consecutive feeding steps.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a yarn consists of at least one ring spinning mechanism and a drawing mechanism, which precedes the ring spinning mechanism and defines at least one draft path for drawing a fibrous roving and includes two delivery rollers defining a clamping nip for the drawn roving, wherein one of said delivery rollers constitutes behind the clamping nip a guiding surface for deflecting the drawn roving. In order to increase the strength of the yarn, it is proposed that the delivery roller which constitutes the guiding surface for deflecting the roving constitutes at least near the delivery end of the guiding surface a slideway for guiding the roving transversely to its axis as the roving is twisted between the ring spinning mechanism and the drawing mechanism.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous casting of steel, molten steel is vertically cast in mold means to form a strand having an elongate shape in cross-section and is caused to solidify as it flows through the mold means. To permit a thin strand to be efficiently produced, the strand is first cooled while a constant cross-section is maintained, that cooling is continued until a strong shell which has entirely been solidified at least in the narrow side walls has been formed, and the cooling and solidification of the strand are subsequently continued while the strand is progressively deformed and compacted to form a flat preliminary strip.