Abstract: Process and apparatus for upgrading light olefinic crackate gas from a fluidized catalytic cracking unit having a riser reactor for contacting hot solid cracking catalyst with a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, said light crackate gas containing ethene, propene and other C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower aliphatics, comprising the steps of:reacting the light olefinic gas in contact with a fluidized bed of acid medium pore zeolite catalyst particles under oligomerization and/or aromatization conditions to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream rich in C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons and a byproduct light gas rich in C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 saturated hydrocarbons;separating the oligomerization reaction effluent stream to provide a second light gas stream and a condensed liquid hydrocarbon product stream; andrecycling at least a portion of the second gas stream to the fluidized catalytic cracking unit as a lift gas for fluidizing solid cracking catalyst particles in a lower riser portion of said cracking unit.

Abstract: Near linear higher olefinic hydrocarbons produced by the oligomerization of lower olefins using surface deactivated zeolite catalyst can be converted to a mixture comprising slightly branched and linear higher alpha olefins. These alpha olefins are oligomerized to lubricant grade hydrocarbons in contact with cationic, Ziegler or coordination catalyst. Oligomerization of the aforementioned alpha olefins using reduced valence state Group VIB metal oxide catalyst on porous support provides a hydrocarbon lubricant with a viscosity index of greater than 130 at 100.degree. C.

Abstract: An integrated reactor system for conversion of C.sub.2 + normal olefins into tertiary-alkyl ethers and high octane gasoline. The system combines unit operations for olefins interconversion with etherification and conversion of unreacted alcohol and olefin in contact with acidic, shape selective metallosilicate zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for the production of gasoline from a C.sub.4.sup.- fuel gas containing ethene and propene and catalytic reformate containing C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatics. The C.sub.4.sup.- fuel gas is contacted with debutanized catalytic reformate over a zeolite catalyst under process conditions to convert ethene and propene in the C.sub.4.sup.- fuel gas to C.sub.5.sup.+ aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon gasoline and to convert C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatics in the reformate to C.sub.7 to C.sub.11 aromatic hydrocarbon gasoline. Reformer fractionation system containing debutanizer column and separator stabilizes effluent gasoline and recycles unconverted light aromatics.

Abstract: A continuous multistage catalytic conversion system for upgrading lower olefins comprisingfirst adaibatic catalytic bed reactor means containing an acidic zeolite solid catalyst;means for feeding light olefinic gas directly to the first reactor without addition of separate diluent or recycle streams;means for operating the first reactor under olefin partial conversion conditions at elevated temperature to control adiabatic temperature increase;interstage quench means for injecting a liquid coolant directly into first stage effluent for reducing the temperature thereof and protecting downstream catalyst;second catalytic bed reactor means for receiving cooled first stage effluent with injected liquid coolant and further converting the olefins over a metallic zeolite catalyst having a metal ethene oligomerization component;means for cooling and recovering heavier liquid hydrocarbon product from the second reactor effluent; andmeans for recovering liquid coolant from the second effluent for recycle to the interst

Abstract: A process is disclosed for stripping and regenerating a zeolite catalyst at relatively low pressure compared to that of an oligomerization reactor operated with a turbulent fluid-bed at above about 515 kPa (60 psig). The reactor operates either with hydrocarbons in the gas phase, or, under near-critical or supercritical conditions, when they are in the super-dense phase. The super-dense phase exists outside a critical region in the phase envelope of the hydrocarbon mixture in the reactor, under conditions at which a liquid phase may not form (hence "non-liquid"). Whether the fluid-bed reactor is operated in the C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 gasoline producing mode, the C.sub.10.sup.+ distillate mode, or, the C.sub.22.sup.+ lubes mode, continuous operation of a regenerator (for deactivated catalyst withdrawn from the reactor) at relatively low pressure, preferably less than 445 kPa (50 psig), is possible.

Abstract: A continuous multistage process for preparing gasoline and/or distillate range hydrocarbons from lower molecular weight oxygenate feedstock wherein hydrocarbon yield is increased by recovering a vapor stream rich in ethene from an oxygenates conversion stage and reacting the ethene in a high severity reaction zone containing high activity zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: An integrated process for converting methanol and other lower molecular weight oxygenates to gasoline and distillate range liquid hydrocarbons and ethene is disclosed. When it is desirable to increase ethene yield, an auxiliary methanol-to-olefins (MTO) fixed bed reactor unit is activated in conjunction with a continuously operated primary MTO fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a light hydrocarbon feedstock that contains a mixture of linear and branched olefins to ether-rich high octane gasoline streams that include tertiary alkyl and isoalkyl ethers such as MTBE, TAME, methyl isopropyl ether (MIPE), and methyl sec-butylether (MSBE). Further, it has been discovered that, following etherification unreacted paraffins in the process can be dehydrogenated to produce C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins which can be recycled to the etherification process. The conversion is achieved by utilizing the differing reactivity of tertiary olefins under selected conditions compared to linear olefins in the catalyzed etherification processes. The process integrates a first stage tertiary olefin etherification, separation of ether-rich gasoline and a second stage linear olefin etherification to produce a second ether rich gasoline stream.

Abstract: A high pressure process is disclosed for oligomerizing a lower olefin-containing feed to produce distillate or lubes without having to regenerate spent catalyst. Directly coupling the operation in tandem of a MOG (Mobil Olefin to Gasoline) riser reactor and a fluid bed MODL (Mobil Olefin to Distillate or Lubes) reactor, each containing a medium pore size siliceous metallosilicate crystalline shape selective zeolite catalyst, and each operating so that the effluent from each leaves in the super-dense phase, produces the desired product. The MOG riser operates in the transport regime at sufficiently high severity so as to make a "distillate-rich" gasoline effluent with spent catalyst from the MODL reactor. The MODL reactor operates in the turbulent regime at low severity, with catalyst having a lower coke content than that of riser catalyst, to produce a major portion by wt of either distillate or lubes, depending upon the chosen mode of operation, with excellent per pass conversion of olefins.

Abstract: Bicyclic and monocyclic terpenes are oligomerized by contact over a zeolite catalyst to produce high boiling lube oil traction fluid having a high traction coefficient. The traction fluid comprises dimers, trimers and tetramers of the bicyclic and monocyclic terpenes. The lube oil is catalytically hydrogenated to obtain a saturated cycloparaffin hydrocarbon oil traction fluid.

Abstract: A multi-stage catalytic olefin upgrading reactor system for converting lower olefinic feedstock to heavier liquid hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Novel lubricant mixtures are disclosed having unexpectedly high viscosity indices. The mixtures are blends of high viscosity index polyalphaolefins prepared with activated chromium on silica catalyst and polyalphaolefins prepared with BF3, aluminum chloride, or Ziegler-type catayst. Superior blends are also prepared from HVIXPAO with mineral oil and/or other synthetic liquid lubricants.

Abstract: A process and reactor system is disclosed for hydrotreating a low sulfur containing olefinic distillate and conventional feedstock to a catalytic hydrodesulfurization. The process comprises passing a minor portion of the olefinic distillate to a first hydrotreating zone in admixture with conventional CHD feedstock. A major portion of the olefinic distillate is passed to a second hydrotreating zone in combination with the effluent from the first zone. In this manner the exotherm attributable to olefins hydrogenation is controlled within limits sufficient to avoid very frequent catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: Lower alkanes are converted to olefins in a `third bed` external catalyst cooler (ECC) in which hot catalyst, from a first regenerator (`second bed`) operating in conjunction with a fluid catalytic cracker (`first bed`), thermally cracks and dehydrogenates the alkanes. Because this is an endothermic reaction, the catalyst is autogeneously cooled before it is recirculated to the FCC regenerator. The cracking catalyst is the catalyst of choice in the FCC reactor. Maximum conversion of alkanes to olefins is sought, and can be maintained because the FCC regenerator burns the coke made during alkane dehydrogenation. The olefins produced are then oligomerized in an oligomerization reactor ("fourth" bed) operating in conjunction with a second regenerator ("fifth" bed) to produce a gasoline range stream.

Abstract: Apparatus for converting crude aqueous oxygenate feedstock, such methanol or the like, to liquid hydrocarbons in contact with a medium pore shape selective crystalline acid zeolite catalyst, such as HZSM-5. In a preferred embodiment, the novel technique comprises means for: (a) contacting a crude methanol feedstock containing a minor amount of water with a liquid hydrocarbon extraction stream under extraction conditions favorable to selective extraction of the methanol, thereby providing an extract liquid stream rich in methanol and an aqueous raffinate stream lean in methanol; (b) charging the extracted methanol substantially free of water to said reaction zone under process conditions to convert substantially all methanol to hydrocarbons; (c) cooling reaction effluent to recover aqueous liquid byproduct stream, gas rich in C.sub.2.sup.- hydrocarbons, liquid rich in C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbons and C.sub.5.sup.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for combining the operation of (i) a primary reactor (referred to as a "MOG" reactor), in which an olefin-containing light gas or light naphtha is oligomerized to gasoline range hydrocarbons, and, (ii) a high pressure secondary reactor (referred to as a "MODL" reactor), to make distillate or lubes, using the effluent (primary effluent) from the MOG reactor as feed for the MODL reactor. In the distillate mode, the primary effluent is tailored so as to be substantially free (less than 3 mol %) of C.sub.10.sup.+ components. Because the C.sub.10.sup.+ "make" from the MOG reactor is spared passage through the MODL reactor, conversion of the C.sub.10.sup.+ components typically experienced due to cracking and oligomerization in the MODL is avoided. Because the C.sub.4.sup.- light components which are highly paraffinic, are separated from the primary effluent in a debutanizer to provide a mainly C.sub.5 -C.sub.

Abstract: An improved fluidized bed process for upgrading olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock by contacting the feedstock with acidic siliceous zeolite conversion catalyst particles at elevated temperature under exothermic conditions to produce heavier hydrocarbons including gasoline range hydrocarbons. The improvement comprises maintaining a turbulent fluidized bed of catalyst particles by flowing hydrocarbon-containing vapor upwardly through said bed at less than transport velocity; and introducing liquid olefinic feedstock comprising at least one C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 diene component into the fluidized catalyst bed in a lower portion thereof by rapidly atomizing and vaporizing the liquid feedstock, thus converting feedstock to heavier hydrocarbon without substantial thermal diene degradation thereof prior to contacting conversion catalyst particles in the fluidized bed. A predominantly liquid product is recovered containing C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 hydrocarbons rich in olefins and aromatics.

Abstract: An integrated process for the production of aromatics rich an MTBE and TAME rich high octane gasoline fractions is described. Etherifications of iso-olefins is conducted in the presence of excess methanol. Unreacted methanol is passed to a fixed, fluid or moving bed aromatization zone in contact with ZSM-5 catalyst and olefin and paraffin feedstream to produce high octane gasoline.

Abstract: In a process for converting C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 oxygenates to hydrocarbons by contacting the oxygenates with a crystalline zeolite conversion catalyst and wherein a byproduct water effluent stream is produced, the improvement which comprises, regulating the operating temperature of a gaseous/liquid hydrocarbon/water phase separator from which said byproduct water effluent stream issues so that the total byproduct water chemical oxygen demand is reduced.