Abstract: The flowmeter comprises a variable gain amplifier (1) whose input is connected to ground through a resistor (4) of constant resistance of low value relative to the input impedance of the amplifier, the thermoresistant element (3) being connected between the input and the output of the variable gain amplifier (1) and means (2) being provided for adjusting the value of the gain of the amplifier in such manner as to obtain the desired value of the current in the thermoresistant element (3) corresponding to the constant temperature it is desired to obtain.

Abstract: Organosilicon quaternary ammonias and other microbicidal compounds are bound to the surface of discrete inorganic particles such as glass spheres. Inorganic particles coated with the microbicidal compounds are used in hospital fluidized beds, air filters, and other products in which microbicidal qualities are desired.

Abstract: Dispersions of titanium dioxide pigments with improved long-term resistance to pigment settling and precipitation are disclosed. The pigment dispersions are formed by chemically grafting vinyl and/or acrylic polymers to nitrocellulose in dispersions of nitrocellulose and titanium dioxide pigments. Nitrocellulose forms a loose association with titanium dioxide in dispersion. The chemical grafting improves the precipitation and settling resistance of nitrocellulose, and thus the precipitation and settling resistance of the associated titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A process for making a body suitable for use as an additive for incorporation in a plastic, which comprises the steps of forming a blend of glass-forming materials, converting the blend of glass-forming materials into a solidified porous form, and heating such solidified porous blended glass-forming materials to form an exterior glassy shell thereon; as well as lightweight body made by such process, and an article of manufacture incorporating such body.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying pressure sensitive labels to products on a product line peels the labels from a web of release paper and applies them to the products, when the latter are detected to be in a predetermined position, by action of a pneumatic applicator head. The head favorably includes an exhaust blower which vents to the atmosphere thereby keeping slitting dust out of the machinery cabinet, and is arranged to rock to an open, service position to expose compressed air hoses therewithin. These hoses are coupled to apertures in a base plate of the applicator head by venturi nozzles which serve to increase the pressure of compressed air pulses carried by the hoses for applying the labels to products. The web can be advanced over a peeling arrangement by a drive system including a drive roller powered by a two stage chain drive, with a clutch disposed between the two stages and a brake disposed directly with the drive roller.

Abstract: The process for producing killed steel having a low content of nitrogen comprises pouring an effervescent steel from a converter into a ladle in which there are added to the molten steel contained in the ladle, in the course of the pouring operation, additives for killing the steel, such as aluminium, silicon, etc. . . . The invention comprises pouring the effervescent steel into the ladle before introducing the killing additives, and prior to the introduction of the killing additives carbon dioxide in the form of carbon dioxide snow in the vicinity of the lower part of the pouring jet and on the surface of the bath of steel in the ladle in a quantity sufficient to protect the surface of the molten metal from the surrounding air upon the introduction of the killing additives into the ladle.

Abstract: A mounting plate assembly has provisions for reducing the motor noise transmission from a DC stepper motor or the like that has an associated reducing gear assembly. The mounting plate assembly is formed of a front plate which provides the bushings for the shafts of the reducing gears and on which an output bearing is mounted for journalling an output shaft. A generally discoid inner mounting plate of a first diameter is affixed adjacent the front plate and serves as a mount for holding the retaining cup or the overall stepper motor and gear assembly. An outer mounting plate, which has a second diameter smaller than the first diameter, serves for mounting the overall assembly in place, and has an aperture, favorably provided with a sleeve, coaxial with the output bearing. In order to provide acoustic isolation, a layer of resilient rubber is vulcanized in place between the inner and outer mounting plates. A portion of the gasket fills the annulus between the output bearing and the sleeve.

Abstract: For forming the plasma arc there is used nitrogen protoxide in the liquid state which is conducted through a valve (12) to an expansion orifice (33) which produces a cooling effect on the electrode (5,6). Applications in particular in plasma arc torch cutting.

Abstract: Two fixed heads are used to lubricate a split-mold. The heads do not interfere with the movements of the mold and are effective to inject a jet of a gas that forms a powdery carbonaceous material. When the mold is open, the injection axis of each head is just about in line with the axis of the associated half-casting.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for spheridizing irregularly shaped minute particles, and the spheres produced thereby, in which a thin carbonaceous coating is applied to the particles in a unique manner, and in a preferred embodiment the particles are then advanced through successive fluidizing beds. The first bed has an inert atmosphere and is maintained at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to allow surface tension to shape the particles into spherical form while in a fluidized condition in the first bed. The spherical particles are then advanced through successive additional beds where they are cooled to an intermediate temperature sufficient to solidify the particles, are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere which completely removes the coating, and are then further cooled while being maintained in a fluidized condition. The inert gaseous atmosphere within the first bed is continuously withdrawn and recycled through the system.

Abstract: A reflection hologram is laminated or otherwise incorporated into the face of a magnetic-stripe credit card or other similar document. This is done to guard against counterfeiting of the document by transfering of information from the magnetic stripe or similar indicia that is not readily detectable by an operator or user of the card or document. The card is verified by inserting it into a reading device which, while reading the information on the magnetic stripe or other indicia, also illuminates the hologram, producing holographic images or spots at one or more pedetermined unique angles, so that the spots can be detected by light sensing devices. Absence of a reflection at the proper angle would immediately indicate, through sensing circuitry, that the card is of questionable validity. To render the system still more secure, the hologram can produce multiple reflective images to be detected at several predetermined positions either from a single point or from multiple points.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for incinerating waste products. The apparatus comprising a furnace, in the hearth of which the waste products are charged in a discontinuous manner, is characterized in that it comprises a nozzle (3) for injecting pure oxygen and mechanically or pneumatically spraying a liquid, the nozzle opening into the furnace (1).

Abstract: Coring of a subaqueous structure having a significant water pressure head on one side is carried out through a full port valve assembly mounted on the inner or dry side of the structure. With the valve open, the barrel of a coring device is inserted, and a core is cut and removed. The valve is closed to prevent inflow of soil and water. The hole from which the core has been removed can be sealed by injecting a grouting compound through the mounted ball valve assembly, or can be injected by means of a mechanical packer. The valve assembly permits coring to be interrupted, for example, to permit rail service operations through a subaqueous railroad tunnel.

Abstract: This invention relates to plasma torches in which, the gas entering the electrode holder is divided into a plasmagenic gas flow and into a cooling gas flow by two series of openings drilled in one and the same metal element forming the electrode holder.

Abstract: The restoration of a diseased or damaged tooth is carried out by decoronating the tooth leaving the root canal exposed. Then the canal is reamed, cleaned, irrigated, and obturated. It is then rereamed to a predetermined size leaving the apical portions filled with obturatory material and treated with a dentinal bonding agent. A perforated, hollow tubular outer post is inserted into the prepared canal and a paste or liquid composite is injected into the canal through the outer post. A serrated rod-like inner post is inserted into the outer post, and distributes the composite within the canal, forcing excess into the coronal area. After insertion, a spade-shaped top end of the inner post projects from the canal. A prep former is filled with a dental composite and is emplaced on the root over the inner rod upper end. This hardens to become a crown core onto which a prosthetic crown is affixed.

Abstract: A device for injecting a liquefied refrigerating fluid directly into a mass of detergent powder within a hopper the device being connected to a tank storing this fluid under pressure.

Abstract: A method of analyzing molecular layers of amino-functional group coupling agents on inorganic substrates is disclosed. A saturated solution of 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride is added to a sample to be tested, and sufficient time is allowed, with or without heating, for the reaction of the 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride with any amino functional group coupling agent which might be present. The color intensity of the reaction product is compared under ultraviolet light in an otherwise substantially dark room with the color intensity of standards representative of known thicknesses of coupling agent to determine the existence and thickness of the coupling agent on the particles being analyzed.

Abstract: Retroreflective materials are made by coating glass particles with both hydrophobic polymers and coupling agents or with siloxane compounds which have both hydrophobic side chains and coupling-type side chains capable of chemically bonding to, or of forming loose associations with, a wide variety of materials.

Abstract: A mechanical pencil comprising a lead feed mechanism built within the body thereof and a lead guide connected to the lead feed mechanism and having a cartridge reception bore of a diameter which is practically the same as the inside diameter of the body, wherein a cartridge containing a plurality of leads and having an outside diameter which is practically the same as the inside diameter of the body and the inside diameter of the cartridge reception bore of the lead guide is detachably fitted in the cartridge reception bore of the lead guide. In replenishing the mechanical pencil with leads, an old cartridge is replaced with a new cartridge.