Abstract: This invention relates to a conventional supported heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst for the polymerization of olefins. It has been found that adding a lithium compound to a transition metal catalyst component and then adding an organoaluminum co-catalyst and an organosilicon electron donor produces a catalyst which yields polymer with increased molecular weight. The lithium compound is of the general formula LiCp wherein Cp is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl and is preferably lithium cyclopentadienide or lithium indene. Preferably, the molar ratio of lithium compound/transition metal is at least 0.2.

Abstract: The wax-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks are pre-treated by contacting them with a homogeneous solution containing 1-5 vol. % of an acid diluted in an alcohol/water mixture (preferably containing 60-90 vol. % alcohol). The pre-treated feedstock is then contacted, in the presence of hydrogen, with at least two catalysts in sequence and with no intermediate separation, comprising at least one hydrodewaxing catalyst and one hydrocracking catalyst, to recover high-grade middle distillates.

Abstract: Wet color cards prepared with water-based emulsion paints applied in layers of at least 75 g/m.sup.2 are dried using infra-red dryers irradiating the uncoated side of the cardboard or paper cards.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing polyolefins having a multimodal or at least bimodal molecular weight distribution by contacting in a reaction mixture under polymerization conditions at least one olefin and a catalyst system comprising a supported catalyst-component comprising an alumoxane and at least two metallocenes containing the same transition metal and selected from mono, di, and tri-cyclopentadienyls and substituted cyclopentadienyls of a transition metal and wherein at least one of the metallocenes is bridged and at least one of the metallocenes is unbridged.

Abstract: This invention is for a method for varying the melting points and molecular weights of syndiotactic polyolefins by using metallocene catalysts with substituents on the aryl rings of a fluorene ligand in certain positions. Electron donating substituents, for example, dialkylamino, halogen, and alkoxy groups, when present on fluorene at C1, C2, C3 or C2 and C7 render the catalyst less active and decrease the polymer molecular weight. Electron donating substituents, such as alkyl, dialkylamino, halogen or alkoxy, at C4 not only increased the catalyst efficiency but also dramatically increased the polymer molecular weight. Bulky hydrocarbyl substituents, such as alkyl, cyaloalkyl and aryl groups, at C2 and C7 increase the melting point. Bulky substituents such as hydrocarbyl groups like alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy and dialkylamino groups etc., at C4/C5 decrease the melting point. When multiple substituents are present on fluorene, their effects are additive.

Abstract: This invention is for a method for varying the melting points and molecular weights of syndiotactic polyolefins by using metallocene catalysts with substituents on the aryl rings of a fluorene ligand in certain positions. Electron donating substituents, for example, dialkylamino, halogen, and alkoxy groups, when present on fluorene at C1, C2, C3 or C2 and C7 render the catalyst less active and decrease the polymer molecular weight. Electron donating substituents, such as alkyl, dialkylamino, halogen or alkoxy, at C4 not only increased the catalyst efficiency but also dramatically increased the polymer molecular weight. Bulky hydrocarbyl substituents, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl groups, at C2 and C7 increase the melting point. Bulky substituents such as hydrocarbyl groups like alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy and dialkylamino groups etc., at C4/C5 decrease the melting point. When multiple substituents are present on fluorene, their effects are additive.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing liquid ethylene-type random copolymers by copolymerizing ethylene and a C.sub.3 --C.sub.2 O alpha-olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alumoxane and a stereorigid metallocene compound described by the formula:R"(CpR.sub.5)(CpR'.sub.5)MeQ.sub.2wherein each Cp is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl ring; each R and R' is the same or different and is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-20 carbon atoms or two R or two R' together form a hydrocarbyl radical having 2-20 carbon atoms; R" is a structural bridge between the two Cp rings imparting stereorigidity to the compound; Me is a transition metal of Group IVb of the periodic table; and each Q is a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-20 carbon atoms or is a halogen. A portion of the alumoxane may be replaced with an alkylaluminum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing carbonyl sulfide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, said process comprising the steps of (a) passing said hydrocarbon feedstock over an absorbent material comprising nickel deposited on a support material wherein nickel is present as both nickel oxide and metallic nickel and wherein the absorbent material has been conditioned by passing an inert gas flow containing a minor amount of propylene; and (b) recovering a liquid hydrocarbon stream having substantially reduced carbonyl sulfide content.

Abstract: This invention uses a new method of producing ionic metallocene compounds. These compounds are useful as catalysts for polymerization of olefins, primarily propylene. This method uses an ionizing agent which ionizes the neutral metallocene compound. The ionizing ionic compound does not contain an active proton and contains a carbonium, oxonium or sulfonium cation. The anion of the ionizing ionic compound is not coordinated or is only loosely coordinated to the metallocene cation and is chemically unreactive with the metallocene cation. Examples of such compounds are triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boronate, triphenylcarbenium tris(pentafluorophenyl)phenyl boronate and triphenylcarbenium tris(pentafluorophenyl)4-trimethylsilyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylboronate.The process of making catalysts with this invention produces catalysts having high activity and does not produce by-products which can inhibit catalyst activity. This new synthesis is a clean reaction which does not produce a Lewis base.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing a polymer blend in a single reactor, specifically a polymer blend of isotactic polyolefins and syndiotactic polyolefins. The catalyst system is a combination of at least one metallocene catalyst and at least one conventional supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The multi-catalyst system is obtained by mixing the components of at least one metallocene catalyst and at least one conventional supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The metallocene catalyst comprises a metallocene compound and an ionizing agent. The conventional supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst comprises an aluminum alkyl and a transition metal compound with, optionally, an electron donor.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing a catalyst system to produce polymer blends in a single reactor, polymer blends of isotactic polyolefins and syndiotactic polyolefins. The catalyst system is a combination of at least one metallocene catalyst and at least one conventional supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The multi-catalyst system is obtained by mixing the components of at least one metallocene catalyst and at least one conventional supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The metallocene catalyst comprises a metallocene compound and an ionizing agent. The conventional supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst comprises an aluminum alkyl and a transition metal compound with, optionally, an electron donor.

Abstract: In a process for the copolymerization of ethylene in two liquid full loop reactors in series wherein the average molecular weight is regulated, the introduction of the comonomer is made in the first reactor, and high and low average molecular weight polymers are produced respectively in the first and second reactor, the improvement which consists in using one or more settling legs of the first reactor for the transfer.

Abstract: PVC-free coil coated steel having excellent cut-side corrosive resistance can be prepared by using on one or both sides a primer composition essentially consisting of a linear polyester of Mn=3,000-15,000, of acid number 0-10, and hydroxyl index 10-25; a blocked polyisocyanate, melamine or an urea-formaldehyde adduct, in an equivalent ratio of 0.8-4.0 to polyester; a catalyst; anti-corrosive pigments of the chromate type, being at least 50 weight percent of all pigments; and solvents.

Abstract: Magnesium chloride, titanium chloride and at least an electron donor are introduced in a plasma torch. These chlorides being in solution or in suspension in a liquid that can be an electron donor. A very fine granulometry powder is collected after cooling. The powder is very fine, it has a controlled morphology and it can be used as catalyst for alpha-olefins polymerization.

Abstract: This invention is for a catalyst system for polymerization of olefins using an ionic metallocene catalyst with aluminum alkyl. The metallocene catalyst is an ion pair formed from a neutral metallocene compound and an ionizing compound. The invention can be used in any method of producing ionic metallocene catalysts. Use of aluminum alkyl with an ionic metallocene catalyst eliminates the need for using methylaluminoxane (MAO). Catalysts produced by the method of this invention have high activity. The invention reduces catalyst poisons which cause low activity, no activity or uncontrolled polymerizations. Polymerization using this catalyst system are reproducible and controllable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bituminous compositions comprising oxidized bitumen and styrene-conjugated diene block copolymers for the manufacture of soundproofing materials. The use of said materials for the automotive soundproofing is also concerned.

Abstract: Vinylidene fluoride copolymers having a melting temperature below about 160.degree. C. are used to prepare pigmented powder coatings for galvanized steel. The coatings are corrosion-resistant and generally show a high gloss.

Abstract: Catalyst and process for the stereospecific propagation of a polymer chain derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which contains 3 or more carbon atoms or is substituted vinyl compound. The catalysts comprise stereorigid metallocenes in which a structural bridge is not required for stereorigidity. The ring structures of the metallocene catalyst are substituted cyclopentadienyl rings. The substituent groups on the cyclopentadienyi rings impart stereorigidity to the catalyst by virtue of a sterically hindered relationship between the rings sufficient to prevent rotation of the rings. The catalyst is contacted with a C.sub.3 + alpha olefin or other ethylenically unsaturated compound in a polymerization reaction zone and maintained in contact with the catalyst in the reaction zone under polymerization conditions to produce a stereospecific polymer.

Abstract: Yeast cells whose DNA has been appropriately engineered to produce and to secrete lysozyme under control of a regulatable promoter are grown in the substantial absence of lysozyme synthesis and then are induced to produce and to secrete lysozyme under growth-limited conditions. This process is particularly suitable for the production of human lysozyme or mutants thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of polymers and particularly for the conversion of plastic containers or other plastic wastes. The process requires a minimum number of steps for treating typical industrial plastic wastes. The process comprises placing the mixed polymers in contact with a solvent that dissolves part of the polymers and separates the other fractions. The solvent fraction is subjected to treatment for the recovery of lower molecular weight stream that can be utilized in refining operations or other chemical operations.