Abstract: This invention is for a catalyst system comprising a neutral metallocene compound, an aluminum alkyl and a Lewis acid. The Lewis acid must be of sufficient acidity to ionize a neutral metallocene compound to form a cationic metallocene catalyst. The ligands of the Lewis acid should not be reactive with the metallocene cation. Any metallocene catalyst compound having two cyclopentadienyl rings, substituted or unsubstituted, attached to a transition metal which can be ionized by a Lewis acid would be useful in this invention. The invention is also for the process of making the catalyst system and the process for using the catalyst system in polymerization of olefins. The metallocene is contacted with the Lewis acid. The aluminum alkyl is contacted with the olefin. The two mixtures are contacted with each other under polymerization conditions.

Abstract: Bituminous compositions are provided by mixing 100 parts of an inorganic skeleton or an aggregate with up to 7 parts of bitumen with a first modifier chosen from the group comprising styrene-butadiene polymers, styrene-isoprene polymers, recycled tires or any mixtures thereof, and a second modifier selected from the group comprising polyolefins, polyethylene terephthalate or any mixtures thereof. The present composition allows the utilization of large amounts of recycled plastics.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for purifying polymerized monovinyl aromatic compounds such as polystyrene by reducing the residual monomer content of the finished polymer, said methods and apparatus including a combination of heat exchangers and devolatilizers used in conjunction with a monovinyl aromatic polymerization reactor system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for removing undesirable volatile components having high boiling points from a product stream during polymerization of monovinyl aromatic compounds such as styrene, which methods include the use of heat exchangers, devolatilizers, and filter beds.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for removing undesirable volatile components having high boiling points from a product stream during polymerization of monovinyl aromatic compounds such as styrene, which methods include the use of heat exchangers, devolatilizers, and filter beds.

Abstract: This invention is for a catalyst system for polymerization of olefins using an ionic metallocene catalyst with aluminum alkyl. The metallocene catalyst is an ion pair formed from a neutral metallocene compound and an ionizing compound. The invention can be used in any method of producing ionic metallocene catalyst. Use of aluminum alkyl with an ionic metallocene catalyst eliminates the need for using methylaluminoxane (MAO). Catalysts produced by the method of this invention have high activity. The invention reduces catalyst poisons which cause low activity, no activity or uncontrolled polymerizations. Polymerizations using this catalyst system are reproducible and controllable.

Abstract: This invention relates to a conventional supported heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst for the polymerization of olefins. It has been found that adding a lithium compound to a transition metal catalyst component and then adding an organoaluminum co-catalyst and an organosilicon electron donor produces a catalyst which yields polymer with increased molecular weight. The lithium compound is of the general formula LiCp wherein Cp is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl and is preferably lithium cyclopentadienide or lithium indene. Preferably, the molar ratio of lithium compound/transition metal is at least 0.2.

Abstract: The present invention provides new magnesium chloride-cyclic ether complexes having utility as a component of Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for recovering polymer particles from a solution of polymer by evaporating the solvent from the solution by successively treating the solution into a first agitated vessel and treating the resulting polymer into a second agitated vessel. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for performing the aforesaid process for recovering polymer particles.

Abstract: The invention provides for highly crystalline syndiotactic polypropylene comprising a high percentage of racemic (r) dyads. The high crystallinity may be due to the polymerization mechanism of metallocene catalysts of a particular structure which appear to produce syndiotactic polypropylene of a new microstructure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing carbonyl sulfide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, said process comprising the steps of (a) passing said hydrocarbon feedstock over an absorbent material comprising nickel deposited on a support material wherein nickel is present as both nickel oxide and metallic nickel and wherein the absorbent material has been conditioned by passing an inert gas flow containing a minor amount of propylene; and (b) recovering a liquid hydrocarbon stream having substantially reduced carbonyl sulfide content.

Abstract: This invention relates to a syndiospecific metallocene of a substituted iPr[(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)]zirconium dichloride containing long-chain terminal alkene, for example octenyl groups, on fluorene at C2/C7. The metallocene compound useful as a catalyst in the present invention is described by the general formula:R"(C.sub.5 H.sub.4)(C.sub.4 H.sub.4-m R'.sub.m C.sub.5 C.sub.4 H.sub.4-n R'.sub.n)MeQ.sub.pwherein (C.sub.5 H.sub.4) is a cyclopentadienyl ring and (C.sub.4 H.sub.4-m R'.sub.m C.sub.5 C.sub.4 H.sub.4-n R'.sub.n) is a fluorenyl radical; R' is a long chain alkene substituent having 5-20 carbon atoms on the fluorene ligand at C2 or C7, each R' may be the same or different; R" is a structural bridge between the (C.sub.5 H.sub.4) and (C.sub.4 H.sub.4-m R'.sub.m C.sub.5 C.sub.4 H.sub.4-n R'.sub.n) rings to impart stereorigidity; Q is a hydrocarbon radical or a halogen; Me is a Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metal; m=0 or 1; n=1; and p is the valence of Me minus 2.

Abstract: Processes for the formulation of Ziegler-type catalysts from a transition metal component, an electron donor and a co-catalyst which are sequentially mixed together. The co-catalyst is initially contacted with either of the transition metal catalyst or the electron donor for a first contact time of 5-120 seconds. This mixture is then contacted with the remainder of the electron donor or transition metal component for a second contact time of less and 110 seconds. The three component system is then used in olefin polymerization. The olefin contacting step can involve an initial pre-polymerization reaction. A specific order of addition involves mixture of the transition metal component and the co-catalyst component for a contact time of 5-120 seconds followed by contact with an electron donor component for no more than 30 seconds. Another order of addition involves initially contacting the electron donor with the co-catalyst.

Abstract: Olefin polymerization is conducted with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst in which unreacted monomer is recycled to the reactor. The recycle line contains a supported nickel or nickel oxide to purify the unreacted monomer before its return to the reactor, and results in improved catalyst activity and more control over physical properties of the product.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a vacuum-assisted vapor recovery system for loading vessels with volatile materials such as liquid hydrocarbons, including gasoline and distillates, which system utilizes a series of interlock permissives and vacuum controllers to maintain a vacuum on the vapor header of the vessel being loaded, which vacuum is within a desired, predetermined level. The system is further arranged and adapted to shutdown the filling of liquids into the vessel should a vacuum leak be detected or should any other malfunction of the vapor recovery system or the liquid filling system arise.

Abstract: This invention is for a metallocene catalyst component useful in preparing isotactic polyolefins, a catalyst system using this component and a process for polymerizing olefins using the catalyst component. The catalyst component consists of a bridged metallocene in which one of the cyclopentadienyl rings is substituted in a different manner from the other ring. One of the cyclopentadienyl ligands contains a bulky group in one and only one distal position and the other cyclopentadienyl ligand has bilateral or pseudobilateral symmetry. There is a steric difference between the two Cp rings.The catalyst component is a stereorigid metallocene described by the formula:R" (CpR.sub.n)(CpR'.sub.m)MeQ.sub.kwherein each Cp is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl ring; each R.sub.n and R'.sub.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for improved additive systems for polymerization processes, which improved systems comprise a slurry additive system having a high shear mixer for mixing a carrier fluid and the solid additives and maintaining them in a suspension slurry prior to injecting them into a polymerization system.

Abstract: This invention concerns a making a catalyst system comprising at least one homogeneous catalyst and at least one heterogeneous catalyst, specifically, a metallocene catalyst and a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst, respectively. This invention is useful for making a catalyst for the polymerization of any polymer in which separate polymerizations with a homogeneous catalyst and with a heterogeneous catalyst are possible, but preferably, polymerization of olefins, more preferably, .alpha.-olefins, and, most preferably, propylene. This invention provides a catalyst system which facilitates use of a homogeneous catalyst but eliminates the disadvantages of such a system. This invention produces a polymer with molecular weight distribution (MWD) as broad or broader than the MWD of the heterogeneous catalyst alone. Hydrogen can be used to control molecular weight distribution of a polymer produced with this invention.

Abstract: A process is provided for the disproportionation of a toluene feed stock that includes using an unconventionally low hydrogen to toluene mole ratio during reaction start-up, i.e., until the production of non-aromatics begins to stabilize; thereafter the ratio is increased. Reducing the hydrogen content at the beginning of the reaction substantially lessens any hydrogenation activity, thereby gaining optimum selectivities to benzene at a much sooner rate than that achieved using more conventional hydrogen to toluene ratios. The post start-up increase in hydrogen concentration following stabilized production of non-aromatics is generally believed to enhance the aging character of the catalyst, thereby preserving catalyst life. In practicing the invention, a reaction zone is established loading a metal-modified mordenite catalyst into the reaction zone. A toluene containing feed stock is continuously supplied to the reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention uses a new method of producing ionic metallocene compounds. These compounds are useful as catalysts for polymerization of olefins, primarily propylene. This method uses an ionizing agent which ionizes the neutral metallocene compound. The ionizing ionic compound does not contain an active proton and contains a carbonium, oxonium or sulfonium cation. The anion of the ionizing ionic compound is not coordinated or is only loosely coordinated to the metallocene cation and is chemically unreactive with the metallocene cation. Examples of such compounds are triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boronate, triphenylcarbenium tris(pentafluorophenyl)phenyl boronate and triphenylcarbeniumtris(pentafluorophenyl)4-trimethylsilyl-2,3,5,6-tetraflu orophenylboronate.The process of making catalysts with this invention produces catalysts having high activity and does not produce by-products which can inhibit catalyst activity. This new synthesis is a clean reaction which does not produce a Lewis base.