Abstract: A labile disulfide-containing compound under physiological conditions containing a labile disulfide bond and a transduction signal.

Abstract: We describe compounds that bind to and are internalized by hepatocytes. Association of these compounds to other molecules or complexes can be used to target the molecules or complexes to hepatocytes in vivo or in vitro.

Abstract: A process and compound wherein nucleic acids can be modified with a host of molecules and maintain their ability to be expressed. A modifying chemical attachment of polyions to polynucleotides can be used to facilitate the change of tertiary structure of the nucleic acid and in some cases condensation of nucleic acids into smaller, charged particles useful in delivering the nucleic acid to a cell.

Abstract: A method of forming polymers in the presence of nucleic acid using template polymerization. Also, a method of having the polymerization occur in heterophase systems. These methods can be used for the delivery of nucleic acids, for condensing the nucleic acid, for forming nucleic acid binding polymers, for forming supramolecular complexes containing nucleic acid and polymer, and for forming an interpolyelectrolyte complex.

Abstract: We describe a process for generating multilayer particles comprising condensing a polymer with an oppositely charged polymer to form a particle and sequentially adding oppositely charged polymers to the particle forming at least three layers of polymers. The process is used to form a composition for delivering a biologically active compound to a cell.

Abstract: A polyampholyte is utilized in a condensed polynucleotide complex for purposes of nucleic acid delivery to a cell. The complex can be formed with an appropriate amount of positive and/or negative charge such that the resulting complex can be delivered to the extravascular space and may be further delivered to a cell.

Abstract: A method of forming polymers in the presence of nucleic acid using template polymerization. Also, a method of having the polymerization occur in heterophase systems. These methods can be used for the delivery of nucleic acids, for condensing the nucleic acid, for forming nucleic acid binding polymers, for forming supramolecular complexes containing nucleic acid and polymer, and for forming an interpolyelectrolyte complex.

Abstract: An process for the reversible modification of membrane interaction of a compound is described. Modification of membrane interaction can be used to facilitate delivery of molecules to cells in vitro and in vivo. The described modifiers, which are used to reversibly inactivate the membrane active compounds, can also be utilized as cross-linkers or to reverse the charge of a molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for providing for expression of an exogenous nucleic acid in an extravascular parenchymal cell of a mammal. The nucleic acid is inserted into a vessel of a mammal and the permeability of the vessel is increased. Increasing permeability of the vessel allows delivery of the nucleic acid to an extravascular parenchymal cell.

Abstract: A method of forming polymers in the presence of nucleic acid using template polymerization. Also, a method of having the polymerization occur in heterophase systems. These methods can be used for the delivery of nucleic acids, for condensing the nucleic acid, for forming nucleic acid binding polymers, for forming supramolecular complexes containing nucleic acid and polymer, and for forming an interpolyelectrolyte complex.

Abstract: A labile disulfide-containing compound under physiological conditions, comprising: the disulfide-containing compound having a labile disulfide bond that is either a disulfide bond that is cleaved more rapidly than oxidized glutathione or a disulfide bond constructed from thiols in which one of the constituent thiols has a lower pKa than glutathione or a disulfide bond that is activated by intramolecular attack from a free thiol.

Abstract: An polyampholyte is utilized in a condensed polynucleotide complex for purposes of nucleic acid delivery to a cell. The complex can be formed with an appropriate amount of positive and/or negative charge such that the resulting complex can be delivered to the extravascular space and may be further delivered to a cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a complex for providing nucleic acid expression in a cell. A polynucleotide and a polymer are mixed together to form the complex wherein the zeta potential of the complex is not positive. Then the complex is delivered to the cell wherein the nucleic acid is expressed.

Abstract: A polyampholyte is utilized in a condensed polynucleotide complex for purposes of nucleic acid delivery to a cell. The complex can be formed with an appropriate amount of positive and/or negative charge such that the resulting complex can be delivered to the extravascular space and may be further delivered to a cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the selection and use of surface exposed epitopes. The present invention includes in vivo and in vitro phage peptide diplay methods for the identification and selection of peptides and peptide associated factors with desired properties (e.g., targeting specificity, stability, etc.). The present invention further provides methods and compositions for the isolation and identification of peptide-specific antibodies. The present invention also includes methods and compositions employing nuclear localization signals for enhanced nuclear transport and expression of DNA.

Abstract: A process for delivering a nucleic acid to a cardiac tissue cell in a mammal is described, comprising introducing a composition consisting of a nucleic acid to a blood vessel, which subsequently delivers the nucleic acid to the cardiac tissue cell. The nucleic acid can be DNA or RNA or plasmid DNA or viral. This process is for purposes of gene therapy, and research.

Abstract: Chelator containing compounds are utilized in the delivery of molecules, polymers, nucleic acids and genes to animal cells. At least one chelator such as crown ether is attached to a polymer and then associated with another polymer such as DNA. An ion is then added to the mixture thereby forming condensed DNA. In condensed form and in complex with the chelator, DNA can be delivered to a cell.

Abstract: An polyampholyte is utilized in a condensed polynucleotide complex for purposes of nucleic acid delivery to a cell. The complex can be formed with an appropriate amount of positive and/or negative charge such that the resulting complex can be delivered to the extravascular space and may be further delivered to a cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the delivery of desired compounds (e.g., nucleic acids) into cells using noncovalent delivery systems which include complexing nucleic acids, amphipathic binding agents, and amphiphiles.

Abstract: We describe a process for generating multilayer particles comprising condensing a polymer with an oppositely charged polymer to form a particle and sequentially adding oppositely charged polymers to the particle forming at least three layers of polymers. The process is used to form a composition for delivering a biologically active compound to a cell.