Abstract: Heavy metals are efficiently removed from contaminated soil by a process which comprises leaching or washing the soil with a mild leachant solution comprised of an aqueous solution of an acid and a salt. Heavy metals are also efficiently removed from paint chips by washing with an aqueous acid. The heavy metals are recovered from the leachant be cementation.

Abstract: Improvement on the recovery of palladium from aqueous acidic solutions employing ketoximes, including novel ether oximes and palladium complexes, comprising contacting the aqueous acidic solution containing the palladium with an organic solvent containing the oxime to form two immiscible phases, separating the organic and aqueous acidic phases and stripping the palladium values from the organic phase using an aqueous ammonia solution. The organic phase may contain phase transfer agents and modifiers.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing impurity elements, such as arsenic, and if necessary antimony, iron or bismuth, from valuable metal containing, such as copper containing, strongly mineral acid solutions by way of solvent extraction with organic solutions of hydroxamic acids, and for selectively stripping the impurity elements therefrom. Antimony, iron or bismuth are stripped with complexing acids, and arsenic is stripped with an aqueous solution containing valuable metal ions at a pH value in the 1.5 to 5 range, a higher pH than the original valuable metal containing aqueous acid solution.

Abstract: Amide compositions useful for softening textile materials, such as fabrics. A concentrate composed of the amide softener and an alkylpolyglycoside is diluted to provide a softening solution of low viscosity stable over extended periods, which on application to a fabric provide improved hand (softeners) and scorch resistance.

Abstract: Iron ore concentrates can be obtained by the flotation of iron ores providing mixtures containing at least one ether canine of formula (I):R.sup.1 O--(C.sub.n H.sub.2n).sub.y --NH--(C.sub.m H.sub.2m --NH).sub.x H,in which R.sup.1 is a linear or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds; n and m independently of one another represent the number 1, 2 or 3; x=0 or the number 1, 2 or 3; and y=2 or 3, and at least one other anionic and/or nonionic collector.

Abstract: Toxic cyanide and anionic metal species are removed from aqueous alkaline solutions by contacting the aqueous alkaline solutions with a compound which is capable of being protonated at a pH of 9 or above.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of preparation of an alkylpolyglycoside containing a long chain alkyl group of about 10 carbon atoms or more by reaction of a saccharide and a long chain alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, particularly an improvement in the process to inhibit or minimize condenser fouling during the processing either in the removal of water from the reactor to promote completion of the reaction or in subsequent processing of the reaction product stream wherein the stream is heated at elevated temperatures and vacuum to remove excess alcohol and residual water, or water introduced into the process stream by steam ejectors in an evaporator, after leaving the reactor. The improvement includes the addition of an alcohol having a carbon chain of a number less than the carbon chain of the alkyl group of the alkylpolyglycoside product either along with the reactant alcohol to produce the polyglycoside, or to the product stream at evaporation of the excess alcohol and residual water.

Abstract: Preparation of N,N'-bis(alkylsalicylidene)ethylene or phenylene diamines, and transition metal complexes thereof, particularly copper, and their use as an additive to diesel fuel to reduce soot formation in diesel exhaust.

Abstract: Heavy metals are efficiently removed from contaminated soil by a process which comprises leaching or washing the soil with a mild leachant solution comprised of an aqueous solution of an acid and a salt. Heavy metals are also efficiently removed from paint chips by washing with an aqueous acid. The heavy metals are recovered from the leachant be cementation.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing an alkylpolyglycoside wherein the alkyl group contains about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, prepared by reacting a saccharide and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, and subsequently removing excess unreacted alcohol, the improvement comprising adding to the reaction product an oxide, such as MgO, and removing the excess unreacted alcohol by thin film evaporation under vacuum at temperatures up to about 240.degree. C. under sparging or non-sparging condition with an inert gas.

Abstract: Heavy metals are removed from paint chips by leaching with an aqueous acid. Heavy metals are also efficiently removed from contaminated soil by a process which comprises leaching or washing the soil with a mild leachant solution comprised of an aqueous solution of an acid and a salt. The heavy metals are recovered from the leachant by cementation.

Abstract: An improved process for oximation of carbonyl compounds, such as ketones and aldehydes by oximation with hydroxylamine including oximation processes carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of a phase transfer catalyst comprised of a mixture of an alkyl phenol, such as nonylphenol or dodecylphenol and an organic carboxylic acid, such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound. The resulting oximes are useful as metal extractants.

Abstract: The recovery of nickel from aqueous ammoniacal solutions containing nickel values by extraction of the nickel values therefrom with an organic solution containing an oxime extractant and an equilibrium modifier followed by stripping of the nickel values from the organic solution by a concentrated aqueous ammoniacal solution from which the nickel can then be recovered. The use of the equilibrium modifier and the concentrated ammonia stripping solution provides advantages in that (1) there is an increase in the nickel transfer of the reagent, (2) the strip solution can be built to a higher nickel concentration giving a lower volume nickel containing solution for further processing and (3) a lesser number of stripping stages are required.

Abstract: In a process for preparing betadiketones which comprises an alkaline condensation of an ester and an acetophenone in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in an inert organic solvent, the improvement comprising at least one of the following conditions:(i) adding the acetophenone to the reaction mixture in a time period sufficiently short whereby degradation products in the reaction mixture are minimized;(ii) at the completion of the reaction, adding additional solvent to rapidly decrease the temperature of the reaction product mixture.(iii) mixing the organic solvent phase with the aqueous acid phase in the acidification step for a time period sufficiently long whereby the concentration of alkali metal remaining in the organic solvent phase is substantially zero; and(iv) decreasing the time between the completion of the acetophenone addition step and the initiation of the acidification step.

Abstract: Minerals can be recovered by flotation from non-sulfidic ores by using detergent mixtures containing:a) salts of sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acids corresponding formula (I):R.sup.1 C(O)--OH (I)in which R.sup.1 CO is a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 double bonds, andb) salts of sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acid glycerol esters corresponding to formula (II): ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 C(O) is a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 double bonds and R.sup.3 C(O) and R.sup.4 C(O) independently of one another represent a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 5 double bonds,and, optionally, other anionic and/or nonionic surfactants, as collectors.

Abstract: A continuous method of bleaching an alkylpolyglycoside, substantially free of alcohol, with peroxy compounds, preferably hydrogen peroxide, which is highly efficient to provide an unexpected high degree of color reduction from a dark brown to a light, which product, from an extinction coefficient color respectively of about 10 to about 15 to about 0.025 to about 0.15. The bleaching is carried out at controlled pH and temperature, under pressure preferably in the presence of Mg. The use of a prebleached heel or feed prior to introduction of the unbleached material to be bleached results in a faster approach to equilibrium, steady state, bleaching conditions which results in minimum chemical usage and more rapid production of low color.

Abstract: A continuous method of bleaching an alkylpolyglycoside, substantially free of alcohol, with peroxy compounds, preferably hydrogen peroxide, which is highly efficient to provide an unexpected high degree of color reduction from a dark brown to a light, white product, from an extinction coefficient color respectively of about 10 to about 15 to about 0.025 to about 0.15. The bleaching is carried out at controlled pH and temperature, under pressure preferably in the presence of Mg or MgO.

Abstract: An improved process for oximation of carbonyl compounds, such as ketones and aldehydes by oximation with hydroxylamine including oximation processes carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of an alkyl phenol phase transfer catalyst, such as nonylphenol or dodecylphenol and the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound. The resulting oximes are useful as metal extractants.

Abstract: An improved process for recovery of precious metals such as gold or silver using novel ion exchange resins having aryl guanidyl functionality from aryl guanidine compounds having a pKa at 25.degree. C. less than 13 and preferably less than 12. The resins have improved elution properties compared to known guanidine reagents using caustic eluant solutions, particularly improved eluant solutions such as a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium benzoate. A selective elution of base metals may be carried out before elution of the precious metals from the resins having guanidyl functionality.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing esters of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid employing sulfuric acid in an amount effective to both catalyze the reaction and to remove or immobilize the water of reaction whereby an ester is provided in increased yield and purity. Esters of long chain acids are useful for the preparation of diketones which find utility as metal extractants.