Abstract: An electroluminescent device having a luminescent zone of less than one millimicron (.mu.m) in thickness comprised of an organic host material capable of sustaining hole-electron recombination. The hole-transporting agent is a silazane.

Abstract: Dye-containing polymers wherein the dyes are organic in nature are incorporated into glasses produced by a sol-gel technique. The glasses may be inorganic or organic-modified metal oxide heteropolycondensates. The dye-containing polymers are covalently bonded to the glass through a linking group. The products of this invention can be used to make optically clear colored films which can be employed in the imaging, optical, solar heat energy and related arts.

Abstract: Olefins which are free of allylic hydrogens, and which contain two hydrogens bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to another carbon by a double bond, from aldehydes when reacted with oxygen in the presence of an acidic silver catalyst, such as silver dispersed on .gamma.-alumina. For example, 1,3-butadiene is oxidized to crotonaldehyde.

Abstract: Process for the introduction of functional or functionalizable substituents para to the amino group in 2-aminophenols and 3-aminophenols. The process proceeds in one step, with substitution occurring selectively at the position para to the amino group. Consequently, the reaction is surprisingly straightforward, with very little or no contamination by isomeric by-products. The process comprises reaction of (a) an aminophenol having an open para position to the amino function, with (b) an unhindered non-enolizble aldehyde, and (c) a thiol or sulfinic acid which acts as a nucleophile. In preferred embodiments, the process is conducted at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., and in the presence of a polar solvent. The reaction is promoted by an acid having sufficient acidity to protonate the amino group of the aminophenol. Preferably, the acid promoter is a mineral acid, and it is present in an amount at least substantially equivalent to the amount of aminophenol reactant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a color photographic silver halide recording material containing a dye image-forming coupler compound and a carbonamide compound which is capable of altering the spectral absorption properties of a dye formed by reaction of the coupler compound with oxidized developing agent.

Abstract: Cyclic imides are prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with an ortho dihalide aromatic compound or a cis-1,2-vinyl dihalide and an amine in the presence of palladium catalyst and a base. The process is preferably conducted in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent as a liquid reaction medium.Acyclic imides are prepared by reacting CO with an activated halide and an amide (primary or secondary) in the presence of a Pd catalyst and a base.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions useful in dye lasers contain a substituted cyclodextrin-fluorescent dye inclusion compound, and an excess of the cyclodextrin. Such solutions give greater fluorescent yields than similar inclusion compounds made from non-substituted cyclodextrins.

Abstract: Polyesters are prepared by a condensation reaction between an aryl diodide and an alkyl or aryl diol. The process is conducted in the presence of carbon monoxide, a palladium catalyst, a base to react with by-product hydrogen iodide, and a solvent.

Abstract: Amide-imides are prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with an ortho dihalide aromatic compound or a cis-1,2-vinyl dihalide having an isolated halogen function, and with an amine, in the presence of palladium catalyst and a base. The process is preferably conducted in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent as a liquid reaction medium.

Abstract: Living polymers endcapped with a silicon containing group can be prepared by reacting a living, anionic polymer with an endcapping agent such as p-(chloromethylphenyl)trimethoxysilane. Such materials possess narrow molecular weight distributions, predictable molecular weights, and high functionality. The functionality is controlled by employing either a monofunctional (f=1) or difunctional (f=2) initiator. The endcapped, unifunctional products of this invention can serve as stable precursors for the preparation of soluble, branched polymers, and the difunctional products of this invention serve as efficient, water curable coatings.

Abstract: Cyclic imides are prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with an ortho dihalide aromatic compound or a cis-1,2-vinyl dihalide and an amide in the presence of palladium catalyst and a base. The process is preferably conducted in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent as a liquid reaction medium.

Abstract: Crotonaldehyde is produced by contacting 3,4-epoxybutene, i.e. butadiene monoxide, with a halide-containing catalyst such as a hydrogen halide or metal halide. The process is preferably conducted in the vapor phase. Other unsaturated aldehydes can be produced from other unsaturated terminal epoxides.

Abstract: Crotoaldehyde is produced by contacting butadiene monoxide with a metal oxide, mixed metal oxide, or mixture of metal oxides. The process is preferably conducted in the vapor phase. Other unsaturated aldehydes can be prepared from other unsaturated terminal epoxides.

Abstract: R- and S-1-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol, each of high optical purity, were prepared by a chemoenzymatic sequence starting with ethyl benzoylacetate. The first step was a catalytic hydrogenation of the .beta.-ketoester conducted at room temperature. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the resulting hydroxyester proceeded in a facile manner using a commercial preparation of the lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. The enzymatic hydrolysis proceeded at a moderate rate (350 mg lipase/0.10 mol of racemic ester required a 20-hour reaction time with an enantiomeric rate ratio (E value) of 36). The hydrolysis was run to 45-50% conversion to afford isolated S-3-phenyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid of 85-90% ee after separation from the residual ester (aqueous base extraction). The optical purity of the hydroxy acid was determined by conversion to the methyl ester (CH.sub.3 I, KHCO.sub.3, acetone), and derivatization with S-MTPA-Cl, and .sup.1 H NMR analysis.

Abstract: A 1,7-diacetylpyrazolotriazole was prepared by acid catalyzed acetylation of 6-methyl-3-[3-(4-nitrophenyl)propyl]-1H-pyrazolo[5,1-C]-1,2,4-triazole. Hydrolysis gave the 7-acetylpyrazolotriazole. Oxidation converted the 7-acetylpyrazolotriazole to a 7-acetoxypyrazolotriazole.

Abstract: D-malic acid is produced from D,L-malic acid by subjecting the racemate to the action of a microorganism or product thereof which assimilates L-malic acid but not D-malic acid, until the L-malic acid in the racemate is substantially consumed. D-malic acid recovered from the reaction mixture has a high degree of optical purity. Preferred microorganisms are bacteria such as Pseudomonas putida and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

Abstract: In the direct synthesis process for producing NaAlH.sub.4 (pressure hydrogenation of Na and Al in a liquid phase reaction medium at an elevated temperature) advantages are realized by insuring that the initial reaction mixture contains a small amount of water and/or an alcohol. In particular, the induction period is shortened. And, the time, trouble and expense of purifying and pre-drying the reaction medium are avoided.

Abstract: Particles of silicon and a p or n carrier substance which are in spherical or spheroidal form, and suitable for use in the preparation of doped semiconductor devices, can be prepared by a fluidized bed technique for chemical vapor deposition of a carrier substance (B, P, As or Sb). The prepared products have a kernel of high purity polysilicon and a layer of silicon/dopant alloy upon the kernel. Optionally, the particles have a thin outer layer of silicon.

Abstract: Silicon of high purity is used in making semiconductor devices. Silicon for this purpose is made by decomposing silane in a fluidized bed reactor. This process entails thermal decomposition of silane to deposit additional metallic silicon on particles of high purity silicon. To obtain good process economics, two modes of operation are used. In a first mode, the reactor is operated under high productivity conditions which also result in co-production of silicon dust or fines. Some of the dust is deposited on the product silicon particles and some of it is elutriated by gas flow in the reactor and removed through an exit point near the top of the reactor apparatus. The dust on the particles can cause problems in handling. For example, in bagging the particles, or removing the particles from a bag, the dust can become airborne from the larger particle surfaces and form an objectionable cloud of silicon dust.

Abstract: Process for retarding the decomposition of an amine alane, said process comprising contacting an amine alane which is substantially titanium-free, with an effective amount of a decomposition retarding agent selected from the class consisting of O.sub.2, CO, nitrogen oxides and alkyl nitrites.