Abstract: Rigid foams characterized by carbodiimide and isocyanurate linkages are prepared by catalytically condensing an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of certain quaternary boron salts.

Abstract: An oxyalkylated, halogenated product useful in making polyurethane foams is prepared by reacting an epoxide compound with a halogenated aromatic hydroxyl-containing compound (phenol) which is either a monohydroxy or polyhydroxy compound. Said aromatic hydroxyl compound has a hydroxy group attached directly to the aromatic nucleus. By the process of the invention, hydroxyalkylation occurs in the presence of a catalyst selectively active in the predominant oxyalkylation of aromatic hydroxyl groups, said catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and a zinc or magnesium salt as defined. The reaction mixture can include an aliphatic hydroxyl-containing compound, a neutral phosphorus compound, and aliphatic or aromatic anhydrides or mixtures thereof to enhance the flame-retardant properties of the oxyalkylated product.

Abstract: There is used a structure modified so that the brine-introduction tube is mounted within a larger-diameter tube sealingly mounted in the brine-introduction opening in the side of the cell top, with an orifice member preferably being mounted within an end of the brine-introduction tube nearer to the cell. This makes it possible to avoid unwanted variations in the brine flow rate and to see instantly whether an orifice member is clogged.

Abstract: Urethane-modified carbodiimide-isocyanurate foams are prepared by catalytically condensing (a) an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol or (b) a quasi-prepolymer in the presence of a blowing agent and from 20 parts to 100 parts by weight of alumina trihydrate. The resulting foams are characterized by improved flame retardancy without loss in strength properties.

Abstract: Reaction products of certain tertiary amines, alkylene oxides and carboxylic acids have been found to be outstanding catalysts for the preparation of polyisocyanurates, polyisocyanurate foams, polyurethane foams and poly(urethane-isocyanurate) foams. Typical tertiary amines are 1,3,5-tris (N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl-5-hexahydrotriazines, pyridine and bis-(N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl) ethers.

Abstract: A method of preparing an N-substituted carbamate comprising reacting by heating in sulfolane at a temperature ranging from about 65.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. (1) an alkali metal cyanate, (2) at least one sulfolane-soluble organic halide of the formula RX wherein X is halogen and R represents a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl and aralkenyl, and (3) at least one sulfolane-soluble non-aromatic monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, and isolating the N-substituted carbamate thereby produced from the resulting reaction mass.

Abstract: There are disclosed processes for preparing a textile treated with a water-insoluble polyester wherein a linear or branched chain water-soluble sulfonate or phosphate group containing polyester is coated or impregnated onto a textile substrate in combination with a crosslinking agent and subsequent to heating to co-react the crosslinking agent with the polyester, the treated textile substrate is exposed to an aqueous solution of a polyvalent metal ion reactive with said sulfonate or phosphate groups in said polyester.Alternatively, there are disclosed processes for preparing a water-insoluble polyester on a textile substrate wherein a branched chain polyester having sulfonate or phosphate groups is coated or impregnated onto a textile substrate, the substrate is dried and subsequently exposed to an aqueous solution of a polyvalent metal ion reactive with said sulfonate or phosphate groups in said polyester.

Abstract: Polyether-ester polyols are prepared in the presence of from 0.005 percent to 0.01 percent by weight (50-100 ppm) of a trialkylamine. The resulting polyols have improved color and are obtained in markedly reduced reaction times.

Abstract: High current efficiency can be obtained in an electrolytic cell by inducing turbulence in the catholyte preferably by utilizing a gas-directing cathode and cation-permselective membrane combination. There is disclosed a process for electrolysis, particularly, the electrolysis of an alkali metal chloride such as sodium chloride to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide. Said cell has a cathode and an anode divided into catholyte and anolyte compartments by a cation-permselective membrane. Turbulence inducing means such as a gas-directing cathode provides turbulence in said catholyte at the surface of said membrane by directing gas evolving on said cathode toward or away from said membrane. Multicell arrangements are also disclosed wherein said cells are connected in series.

Abstract: Diaphragms for electrolytic cells are prepared by depositing onto a cathode screen, discrete thermoplastic fibers. The fibers are highly branched, and which, when deposited form an entanglement or network thereof, which does not require bonding or cementing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, as hydraulic fluids or metalworking lubricants, of compositions having water as a base and improved extreme pressure lubricating and wear-preventing characteristics. The hydraulic fluids of the invention are nonflammable and comprise a synergistic combination of a phosphate ester and a sulfur-containing compound. The compositions can be thickened, if desired, using a polyglycol type thickener and can contain additives known to the art such as defoamers and corrosion inhibitors. Stable concentrates comprising the phosphate ester and sulfur-containing compound can be prepared.

Abstract: In a process for making chlorine electrolytically in which a build-up of nitrogen trichloride occurs in the bottoms of cooling apparatus, a method and apparatus is provided wherein the nitrogen trichloride is dissolved in an organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, the chlorine removed, and the solution treated to destroy the otherwise hazardous nitrogen trichloride. The solvent is then separated and recycled to avoid environmentally undesirable waste products.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the removal of residual catalyst from polyether polyols is achieved by the use of a solvent wash and recovery system.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of alkaline catalyst removal from crude polyoxyalkylene ether polyols is achieved by treating a mixture of crude polyol, adsorbent, and water with magnesium carbonate and carbon dioxide just prior to filtration.

Abstract: Oxyalkylated condensation products prepared from aliphatic and aromatic amines, epihalohydrin and alkylene oxides are used in the preparation of polyurethane foams.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of alkaline catalyst removal from crude polyoxyalkylene ether polyols is achieved by treating a mixture of crude polyol, adsorbent, and water with carbon dioxide just prior to filtration.

Abstract: Urethane-modified isocyanurate foams are prepared by catalytically condensing an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a polyol and from 5% to 50% by weight based on the weight of the organic polyisocyanurate of an ammonium phosphate. The resulting foams are characterized by improved flame retardancy and strength properties.

Abstract: A textile treating composition, consisting of a mixture of a major amount of lubricant and a minor amount of a stabilizer of said lubricant and a process for employment thereof.

Abstract: In a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell in which an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution is electrolyzed, said electrolytic cell having an anode compartment containing an anode and a cathode compartment containing a cathode separated by a substantially fluid impervious membrane barrier consisting of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and a sulfonated perfluorovinyl ether, the formation of alkali metal chlorates in the anode compartment is reduced by operating the chlor-alkali cell at high salt conversions greater than 40% and preferably between about 60% and about 80% conversion.

Abstract: Fibers about micron size in cross-section of certain fluorine-containing polymers can be treated after being deposited as a diaphragm, either during operation or separately before installation, so that they develop a 0.25-millimeter-thick ply on either side of a central body which is substantially different in chemical composition. This yields a diaphragm 1 to 5 millimeters thick which has a Mullen burst strength approximately three to five times greater than that of an untreated diaphragm (20-25 pounds per square inch versus 5 to 7 pounds per square inch) and a remarkably improved service life in the treated diaphragm (200 days and up) in comparison with such untreated diaphragm (30 days or less). Use of a polymer based upon a major proportion of chlorotrifluoroethylene appears to be required. This discovery is economically significant, in that it is an essential element in the technology of the replacement of asbestos diaphragms now used with a synthetic material.