Abstract: An improved method for solvent dewaxing oils in which a portion of the oil-solvent mixture is chilled to a temperature above its cloud point and a further portion is chilled to a temperature below its cloud point, the portions are combined to produce a mixture substantially at the cloud point, and the combined mixture further cooled to dewaxing temperature at which wax crystals are separated from the solvent and refined oil.

Abstract: Undissolved solid particles in coal liquefaction product are separated by forming a mixture of the coal liquefaction product, water and a separation promoter and separating the mixture into an upper layer containing coal liquefaction product and separation promoter, an intermediate aqueous layer and a lower layer containing undissolved solid particles.

Abstract: The pumpability of solid fuel-water slurries is improved by incorporation therein of small amounts of ammonia and a surface-active agent.

Abstract: The BTU value of a solid fuel is increased by subjecting the fuel to hydrothermal treatment in the presence of an added decarboxylation catalyst.

Abstract: Solid fuel is liquefied at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a solvent, water and a material which decomposes to carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: The viscosity of a heavy oil such as a crude petroleum oil is reduced by subjecting the oil to a visbreaking treatment in the presence of a chain transfer agent and a free radical initiator.

Abstract: Unsaturated compounds are separated from liquid hydrocarbon mixtures by adsorbing the unsaturated compounds on a macroporous cation exchange resin and desorbing the unsaturated compounds with a mononuclear aromatic compound.

Abstract: Trickle-type fixed-bed catalytic reactions are improved, prior to starting or resuming an on-stream period, by purging air from the catalyst bed and reaction zone by downward flow of an inert gas therethrough, flooding the purged reaction zone by flowing a liquid upwardly through the catalyst bed to cover same, then removing the liquid and instituting the on-stream period by introducing gaseous and liquid reactants at the upper end of the catalyst bed to flow downwardly therethrough.

Abstract: A reducing gas having a high H.sub.2 +CO content and a low H.sub.2 O+CO.sub.2 content is prepared by gasifying a feed mixture comprising low grade hydrocarbon oil and a high ash solid fuel and a fluxing agent.

Abstract: In recovering the multi-solvent portion of the oil solvent mixture in a solvent dewaxing process, decomposition of a thermally unstable, lower boiling solvent component is substantially avoided by recovering the solvent in a series of controlled evaporations whereby the major portion of the lower boiling solvent component is removed from the mixture prior to the removal of the remaining portion of the solvent. The solvent removal may be conducted in a high pressure evaporator having an upper section and a lower section separated by an annular tray.

Abstract: A process for the efficient production of power from non-gaseous carbonaceous fuels, such as coal, or heavy fuel oil, in a steam power plant in which the carbonaceous fuel is first gasified at relatively high pressure and temperature by partial oxidation with oxygen to produce a fuel gas, the fuel gas from the partial oxidation reaction is expanded to a lower pressure in a turbine. Undesirable compounds, e.g., sulfur compounds, are removed from the fuel gas, and the fuel gas supplied to a steam boiler for the production of power.The process of this invention provides an effective means for conversion of gas-fired steam generation facilities to coal or heavy fuel oil while at the same time increasing the power generating capacity of the installation, all with minimal atmospheric pollution. The process is effective for the conversion of other types of gas-fired heaters and boilers to coal or heavy fuel oil.

Abstract: A process for the separation of n-paraffins from hydrocarbon by means of solid urea wherein the formation of the adduct of n-paraffins with urea is carried out in a fluidized bed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a partial oxidation process including separation of particles high in carbon content from particles low in carbon content suspended in water used for quenching or scrubbing the gaseous products of the partial oxidation of a solid ash-containing carbonaceous fuel.

Abstract: A hydrocracking process for the conversion of heavy hydrocarbon oils and a catalyst therefore which comprises a hydrogenating component and a cracking component including a modified crystalline zeolite and at least one amorphous inorganic oxide support material. The process includes a method of treatment of the catalyst for mildly promoting the activity of fresh catalyst or partially restoring the activity of spent catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of a normally solid fuel composition wherein solvent refined coal is combined with raw coal at a temperature in the range of 200.degree. to 400.degree. C. and the product produced thereby. The resulting product, on cooling, is a hard, non-pyrophoric, oxidatively stable solid composition which is resistant to disintegration and powder formation, and which may be stored, transported, and used in power plants and the like without any special precautions. Alternatively, the product, which has a relatively low melting point, can be handled as a liquid. The sensible heat of the solvent refined coal has a beneficial effect on the heating value and sulfur content of the raw coal, producing a product superior to dry mixing of solidified solvent refined coal and raw coal.

Abstract: A catalytic process for the oxidation of sulfur-containing gases, e.g., sulfur dioxide and simultaneous production of sulfuric acid wherein a sulfur-containing gas is reacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising an iron group metal on a solid support comprising a zeolite in a silica-alumina matrix.

Abstract: Trickle-type fixed-bed catalytic reactions are improved, prior to starting or resuming an on-stream period, by purging air from the catalyst bed and reaction zone by downward flow of an inert gas therethrough, flooding the purged reaction zone by flowing a liquid upwardly through the catalyst bed to cover same, then removing the liquid and instituting the on-stream period by introducing gaseous and liquid reactants at the upper end of the catalyst bed to flow downwardly therethrough.

Abstract: Trickle-type fixed-bed catalytic reactions are improved, prior to starting or resuming an on-stream period, by purging air from the catalyst bed and reaction zone by downward flow of an inert gas therethrough, flooding the purged reaction zone by flowing a liquid upwardly through the catalyst bed to cover same, then removing the liquid and instituting the on-stream period by introducing gaseous and liquid reactants at the upper end of the catalyst bed to flow downwardly therethrough.

Abstract: A chemical plant, wherein gaseous reactants are converted in an exothermic chemical reaction to a reaction product, is combined with a semi-closed Brayton-cycle power plant to utilize the heat of reaction to generate power. Specifically, in one embodiment, an ammonia synthesis plant, wherein gaseous nitrogen and hydrogen are catalytically converted to ammonia, is combined with a semi-closed Brayton-cycle power plant to utilize the heat of reaction of the ammonia synthesis reaction to generate power.

Abstract: An improved method for the generation of power in a combustion gas turbine utilizing fuel gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide in which said fuel gas is subjected to a water gas shift reaction whereby said fuel gas is enriched in both hydrogen and carbon dioxide prior to combustion in said combustion gas turbine. Undesirable nickel compounds contained in said fuel gas are removed and undesirable carbonyl sulfide decomposed by said water gas shift reaction.