Abstract: The sense circuit includes two "skewed" inverters. The inverters are skewed in that their switching point is set closer to one (e.g. V.sub.HIGH) of the inverter operating potentials than to the other potential (e.g. V.sub.LOW). Therefore, the skewed inverters respond earlier to signals making a transition from a first level to a second level than to signals, of like slope, making a transition from the second to the first level. Each inverter is connected at its input to a different one of first and second bit lines and the output of each inverter is connected to the input of the other via a gating transistor whose conductivity is controlled by the output of the other inverter. Skewing the inverters enables sequential operation of the inverters of the circuit.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting and displaying a high, normal, or low condition of battery voltage or engine temperature in an automobile by energizing an H, a dash, or an L, respectively, on a 7-segment display device. A voltage representing the condition is compared with upper and lower threshold voltages in comparators. Outputs of the comparators are applied through inverting and noninverting transistors to specific segments of the display unit. An input voltage above the lower threshold energizes the middle horizontal segment which displays a dash representing a normal condition. An input voltage above the upper threshold energizes the vertical segments to complete the display of an H representing a high condition.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing the transmissions of alternate video fields or frames from two earth stations over a common uplink channel to a satellite so that the fields or frames arrive in interleaved time periods. A synchronizing pulse is transmitted over a separate channel from a first station to the satellite and back, twice, and to the second station and back. The returned signals provide information for synchronizing transmissions from both stations.

Abstract: A primary coil and N secondary coils of insulated electrically conductive wire are wound side-by-side about a ferrite core. Every T turns, the wire forming the secondary coils is wound over a separator strip forming an array of loops. A pair of spaced parallel conductors, for displacing the separator strip, are inserted in the array of loops and are soldered to the loops. The loop portion in the space between the conductors is removed. The assembly is covered with a layer of insulating material. The windings are repeated in a second or more layers over the first layer until the desired number of primary and secondary turns is formed.

Abstract: A doppler type speed sensor produces a doppler signal having a spectrum of frequencies including a frequency of peak amplitude corresponding to the actual speed of an object. The frequencies are supplied to a narrowband voltage tunable filter, the frequency bandwidth of which is continuously adjusted by a periodically reoccurring sweep signal applied thereto. The output of the filter is coupled to a peak detecting circuit which produces a pulse when the maximum amplitude signal is received thereat. The sweep signal and pulse are applied to the inputs of a sample-and-hold circuit to cause the sample-and-hold circuit to hold and produce a signal corresponding to the value of the peak frequency and therefore the speed of the object.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously reading out the graphic information represented by a charge pattern on a dielectric film includes an integrated circuit array of field effect devices each having a source and drain in series with a respective p-n junction photodiodes. A bias voltage is connected across the field effect devices and respective photodiodes and a load impedance. A scanner positioned to scan a spot of light over the array of photodiodes causes conduction of currents through field effect devices which are rendered conductive by charges on the dielectric film to produce a video signal across the load impedance.

Abstract: A television system including a transmitter and a receiver and first logic means in said transmitter for generating a composite video signal whose only synchronizing signals consist of coded signals occurring during a predetermined portion of the vertical blanking periods of said television signal. A second logic means at said receiver detects said coded signals by correlation means and then generates and substitutes for said coded signals conventional vertical and horizontal synchronizing pulses.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a signal having symmetrical waveform of frequency selectable according to a plurality of input signals. The frequency of the signal changes rapidly in response to changes in the input signals, and frequency changes occur in a coherent manner, with no perturbation of the output signal. A high speed clocking signal and the signals generated by its successive divisions are logically combined to produce a plurality of signals which are filtered to produce substantially symmetrical waveform signals which are maintained in periodic phase coherence. Under control of frequency select input signals, a selected one of the substantially symmetrical waveform signals is gated into a divider which provides a symmetrical waveform output signal having the selected frequency.

Abstract: A system including an encoder for translating a standard color TV video signal to a buried subcarrier video signal for transmission, and a decoder for translating the received buried subcarrier video signal back to a standard video signal. A cross-hatch perturbation on screens of TV receivers using the decoded signal can result from the operation of comb filters, local oscillators and mixers in the system when there is an abrupt change in color information in adjacent horizontal lines. The perturbation is prevented by maintaining the respective outputs of the local oscillators in the encoder and the decoder at opposite phases.

Abstract: Complementary signals which can assume either a first value or a second value are applied to the source electrodes of two transistors for turning one on and the other off. The drains of the two transistors are coupled via load means to a point to which is applied a potential having a third value, whereby when a transistor is turned-on, its drain is at, or close to, a potential of first value and when a transistor is turned-off its drain is at, or close to, the potential of third value.

Abstract: By selecting the respective values of (1) the f-number of the camera objective, (2) the periodicity of a lenticular array used to image a periodic color encoding filter on a solid-state imager comprised of a periodic spatial pattern of discrete light-sensing cells, and (3) the object and image distances of the array, in accordance with the teachings of this invention, a high-resolution television picture without moire patterns may be generated.

Abstract: A keyboard system includes a row and a column matrix of electrically isolated conductors with a key switch at each intersection which is effective, when closed, to electrically connect the associated intersecting row and column conductors. The conduction path of a column transistor is connected between each column conductor and a first power terminal and the gate-to-source region of a respective row transistor is connected between each row conductor and a second power terminal. The column transistors are turned-on prior to any switch closure. Therefore, when a switch is closed, its associated column transistor provides a very low impedance, low voltage drop, path between the first power terminal and the row transistor connected to the row conductor associated with the switch. The row transistor is then turned-on if the operating voltage applied between the first and second power terminal exceeds the threshold voltage of the row transistor.

Abstract: A system for on-line detection of distortion in a received digital signal which is phase modulated at a data rate f.sub.d and which has a suppressed carrier frequency f.sub.c and without interrupting the signal. The system comprises means for multiplying a received digital signal by itself N times to produce a resultant signal comprising a reconstructed carrier signal of frequency Nf.sub.c and phase .phi..sub.1 and distortion produced upper and lower sidebands of frequencies f.sub.u =Nf.sub.c +f.sub.d and f.sub.l =Nf.sub.c -f.sub.d and also means for generating I and Q signals of frequency Nf.sub.c and of phase .phi..sub.1 and .phi..sub.1 .+-.90.degree., respectively. Further provided are means for generating a clock signal of frequency f.sub.d and a control means for mixing said I and Q signals with said clock signal to produce I/D and Q/D signals, respectively, where I/D represents the product of the I signal and said clock signal f.sub.

Abstract: The conduction path of a first transistor means of first conductivity type is connected between a first point of operating potential and an output point. The conduction paths of second and third transistors of second conductivity type are connected in series between the output point and a second point of operating potential. An input signal is applied to the gate electrode of the third transistor while a control voltage is applied to the gate electrodes of the first and second transistors. Different values of control voltage are applied to operate the circuit in different modes. For a control voltage equal to the voltage at the first point the circuit can function to clamp the output to the second point. For a control voltage equal to the voltage at the second point the circuit can function to couple the output to the first point.

Abstract: A system and method for frequency division demultiplexing a received broad band signal into k.sup.m channels, each capable of containing a baseband signal component and comprising m descending tiers of identical channel division modules with the first tier thereof comprising a first module responsive to the received broad band signal to divide such broad band signal (at baseband) into k new channels each containing a baseband spectral component. Each module of each tier of modules is constructed to respond individually (by sampling and de-sampling techniques) to the spectral component in individual ones of the channels outputted from the immediately preceding higher order tier of modules to form k new additional channels each containing a baseband spectral component. Each baseband spectral component has an upper bandwidth limit which bears the same ratio to its sampling rate as the upper bandwidth limit of the originally received broad band signal bears to its sampling rate.

Abstract: A classifying system for determining with which group of a plurality of groups of reference file words a data word most closely compares and comprising a plurality of groups of comparison means each constructed to simultaneously and individually compare a different group of file words with said data word to produce a comparison pulse for each comparison of said data word with a file word. Means are provided for identifying each group of file words in which the comparison of not more than one file word with the data word produces a comparison pulse whose amplitude exceeds, in a given direction of polarity, the predetermined amplitude of a threshold signal, and further for identifying each of said one file words.

Abstract: A redundant microwave switching matrix providing equal power distribution of any of a plurality of microwave input signals among one or more of a plurality of microwave output signals. The redundant switching matrix used in a communication satellite selectively couples one or more of a plurality of input microwave signals received by receiving antennas among one or more of a plurality of output microwave signals radiated by transmitting antennas. The means for coupling the input and output microwave signals is provided by a pair of directional couplers diametrically positioned at each coordinate of the switching matrix. A controller selectively enables a pair of PIN diodes, internally positioned within each directional coupler, to perform the desired coupling. Diametrically positioned directional couplers, having a pair of PIN diodes, provide a highly reliable and flexibility microwave switching matrix.

Abstract: In a computer system, a struture uses a method for rapidly accessing and executing a sub-routine selected in response to a service request from an external source. The system provides a storage unit containing the addresses of the sub-routines called for by the service requests, with the addresses of the sub-routine being identified by the received service requests. Also provided is a register containing the address of a given instruction and control logic responsive to a received service request to enable the register to become the main program counter and thereby point to the given instruction. The control logic responds to the given instruction to alter the contents of the register to a predetermined value. A decoder responds to the altered contents of the register to concurrently disable the main memory of the system and to enable the storage unit which then supplies the address of the selected sub-routine to the control logic while the main memory is disabled.

Abstract: A laser beam projected through a prism in a direction normal to the surface of a circular wafer is focused into a spot area and scanned along a spiral path on this surface. The focusing means comprises a relatively large aperture lens and the prism is on the lens axis. The retroreflected specular light passes through the lens and is prevented from reaching a light detector in the image plane of the lens by the prism. When the beam illuminates a microscopic surface defect on the wafer, the light is diffracted and reflected therefrom, and the lens captures that portion of the reflected light within the solid angle subtended by the lens, and passes that portion thereof not blocked by the prism, to the light detector. The output of the detector may be employed to intensity modulate the beam of a cathode-ray tube display, the beam of which is spirally scanned in synchronism with the scanning of the light beam.

Abstract: A solar array positioning system includes first light sensor means facing the same direction as the solar array and second light sensor mean facing the opposite direction. A third sensor, this one responsive to gravity, is employed to indicate the direction about a diurnal slew axis that the array is tilted. These sensors are employed to determine the initial array slewing direction to insure that during slewing and subsequent tracking, the array never is rotated through more than a given angle, less than 360.degree., between two fixed limits. This permits connection to the array by hard wiring rather than slip rings. The system includes also fourth sensor means for providing fine tracking signals which assume control of the array position during tracking. A vane structure reduces the sensitivity of various of the sensors to obscuration by foreign particles. A low cost uncorrected lens may be used with the fourth.