Abstract: A paper sizing composition, comprising at least one first sizing component dispersed in water, the said sizing component being prepared of a reaction product of a maleic anhydride and a fatty acid component, and an aluminium component. The fatty acid component comprises an alkyl ester of one or more fatty acids selected from a vegetable oil based fatty acid mixture. The particle size of the particles in said first sizing component has been reduced so that in the dispersion at least 50% of the particles are <2.5 ?m, at least 75% of the particles are <4 ?m and at least 90% of the particles are <5 ?m, preferably so that at least 50% of the particles are <2 ?m, at least 75% of the particles are <3 ?m and at least 90% of the particles are <4 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel dyes of the formula (1) in which D represents a phenyl or naphthalene residue which is substituted by one or two sulphonic Acid or carboxylic acid groups and, optionally, by one or two groups selected from C1-C4alkyl, hydroxyl and nitro, each R1 and R2, independently, represent hydrogen or, a C1-C4alkyl group, R?1 represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4hydroxyalkyl, R3 represents hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two groups selected from C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, —NH2, nitro, —SO3M and —CO2M and M represents hydrogen, an alkaline or alkaline earth metal, ammonium or ammonium that is mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted by C1-C4alkyl or C2-C4hydroxyalkyl or a polyglycolammonium cation and also known dyes of formula (5), in which D? represents a phenyl or naphthalene residue which is substituted by one or two sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid groups and, optionally, by one or two groups selected from C1-C4a

Abstract: A process for printing flat substrates, in which the said substrate is printed with an ink composition including (a) a basic dye together with (b) an aliphatic carboxylic acid having at least four carbon atoms, (d) a binder resin, and water, yields water-resistant prints having a high depth of shade and high chroma.

Abstract: Polymeric material, containing a latent acid which can be converted to an acid by irradiation by a laser and optionally further ingredients.

Abstract: A stabilizer mixture containing (I) one low molecular weight alkylated sterically hindered amine compound; and (II) one high molecular weight alkylated sterically hindered amine compound.

Abstract: Polymeric particles comprising a polymeric matrix and colourant distributed throughout the matrix, wherein the polymeric matrix that has been formed from a blend of monomers comprising a first monomer which is an ethylenically unsaturated ionic monomer and a second monomer which is an ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer which is capable of forming a homopolymer of glass transition temperature in excess of 50° C., and in which the first monomer is a salt of a volatile counterion component, characterized in that the polymeric matrix is impermeable to the colourant The particles obtainable by the process of the invention can be used in a variety of industrial processes, for instance in the manufacture of inks, paper and cosmetics.

Abstract: A polymeric surfactant formed by the reaction of an oligomeric or polymeric substrate with at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of a type II photo initiator and by the action of actinic radiation. The polymeric surfactant is useful for stabilising the interface in emulsions or dispersions.

Abstract: A stabilizer mixture containing the components (A), (B) and (C) wherein component (A) is for example a compound of the formula (A-1) wherein A1 is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl, A2 is a direct bond or C1-C10alkylene, and n1 is a number from 2 to 50; component (B) is a low molecular weight sterically hindered amine compound containing a group of the formula (I) or (II); and component (C) is a high molecular weight sterically hindered amine compound containing a group of the formula (I); with the proviso that components (A), (B) and (C) are different.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of polymer which comprises the steps of i) feeding an aqueous mixture comprising a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer or a mixture of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and an initiator into the top of a reactor ii) polymerizing the monoethylenically unsaturated monomer to form a gel-like aqueous mixture comprising the polymer, iii) squeezing the gel-like aqueous mixture comprising the polymer out of the bottom of the reactor using inert gas, wherein the reactor is either a vertical fully conical reactor having an angle (alpha) between top diameter (d1) of the reactor and inner wall of the reactor of smaller than 90° but larger than 45° or is made up of 2 to 5 connected vertical fully conical parts, which are on top of one another, each having an angle between top diameter of the part and inner wall of the part of smaller than 90° but larger than 45°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a block copolymer prepared by ATRP, wherein the polymer chain terminal group is structurally modified with the functionally effective group of a lubricant or polymer additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metal deactivators, antiwear and extreme pressure additives and corrosion inhibitors. The invention also relates to a composition comprising the structurally modified block copolymer and a composition of matter subject to oxidative, thermal or light induced degradation, such as lubricants or polymers.

Abstract: A method of reducing unreacted monomer in a water-soluble or water swellable polymer comprising the steps, i) applying an ultraviolet initiator to the surface of the polymer and ii) irradiating the polymer with ultraviolet light, wherein the ultraviolet initiator is dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium and in which the liquid medium comprises an organic compound. The method is useful for reducing in the amount of unreacted acrylamide in polyacrylamide. Also claimed is a liquid initiator composition comprising, i) an ultraviolet initiator, and ii) a liquid medium comprising an organic compound. The initiator system is useful for applying to the surface of a polymer, such as polyacrylamide, in the removal of unreacted monomer, such as acrylamide.

Abstract: A process of separating suspended solids from a fermentation liquor by subjecting the liquor to a solids-liquid separation stage, wherein the fermentation liquor is produced in a fermentation process for the production of a fermentation product, and which liquor comprises lignin, wherein the solids-liquid separation stage is assisted by a treatment system, characterized in that the treatment system comprises an anionic polymer, with the proviso that the treatment system and does not include a cationic polymer having an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of at least 4 dl/g.

Abstract: A process of preparing a liquid reaction product in a column reactor, which reactor comprises a space between coaxial tubular interior surfaces comprising an inner interior surface and an outer interior surface, comprising the steps, a) feeding the liquid precursor reactant material through an inlet port in the outer interior surface, b) flowing the liquid precursor material through the space between the outer interior surface and the inner interior surface, c) subjecting the liquid precursor material in step (b) to reaction conditions to form the liquid reaction product, d) passing the liquid polymer composition through an outlet port in the outer interior surface, characterised in that the distance of the inner internal surface and the outer interior surface is less than 20 mm and the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter (D?) of the inner interior surface to the cross-sectional diameter (D?) of the outer interior surface is at least 0.8:1.

Abstract: A stabilizer mixture containing the components (I), (II) and (III) wherein component (I) is for example a compound of the formula (B-1-b) wherein E1 is hydrogen; component (II) is for example a compound of the formula (B-0-a) wherein E1* is hydrogen; and component (III) is for example a compound of the formula (C-1-a) wherein b1 is a number from 2 to 20 and R6 is hydrogen; is useful for stabilizing an organic material against degradation induced by light, heat or oxidation.

Abstract: A process of producing an amide from a nitrile by the action of a nitrile hydratase enzyme or ammonium salt of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid from an amide by the action of amidase respectively in which enzymes are obtainable from a microorganism of the Dietzia genus.

Abstract: The invention relates to the sizing of paper and board using alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA). The invention provides a sizing composition which comprises an aqueous emulsion of an ASA wherein the ASA incorporates a maximum of 1% by weight (preferably a maximum of 0.5% by weight) of polymeric residues. The composition may incorporate less than 0.5% by weight of olefins. Paper sizing compositions in accordance with the invention provide enhanced resistance to penetration of the edges of paper and board by agents such as hot hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid.

Abstract: Process for improving the separation efficiency of residual solid matter from the liquid phase of an aqueous acid hydrolysate of a naturally occurring polysaccharide comprising dissolved sugars, and residual acid wherein a flocculating agent(s) is added to the aqueous mixture in an effective amount, and a process of producing fermentation products comprising the steps of, (i) hydrolysing a particulate polysaccharide based plant derived material in an acid medium, and thereby forming an aqueous mixture comprising dissolved sugar and solid matter, (ii) subjecting the aqueous mixture to one or more separation stages in which solid matter are removed from the aqueous phase, (iii) adjusting the pH of the obtained aqueous phase to a pH of at least 4, (iv) fermenting the dissolved sugars of the aqueous phase by a microorganism to produce a fermentation product, (v) isolating the fermentation product, wherein in at least one separation stage in step (ii) a flocculating agent is added to the aqueous mixture in an effe

Abstract: A process of separating suspended solids from a fermentation liquor by subjecting the liquor to a solids-liquid separation stage, wherein the fermentation liquor is produced in a fermentation process for the production of a fermentation product, which liquor comprises water, lignin and BOD, wherein the solids liquid separation stage is assisted by a treatment system, characterised in that the treatment system comprises either, (i) a cationic polymer having an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of at least 4 dl/g at a dose of above 2 kg/tonne based on dry weight of suspension, or (ii) a cationic polymer having an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of at least 4 dl/g and, (iii) an anionic polymer, and/or (iv) a cationic polymer of intrinsic viscosity of below 4 dl/g and a cationic charge density of at least 3 meq/g and/or (v) inorganic coagulants and/or (vi) charged microparticulate material.

Abstract: A microorganism which is Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain NCIMB 41164 or a mutant thereof. A method of culturing the microorganism in a culture medium comprising urea or urea derivative is claimed. A nitrite hydratase obtainable from the microorganism is claimed. Also claimed is a process of preparing an amide from the corresponding nitrite wherein the nitrite is subjected to a hydration reaction in an aqueous medium in the presence of a biocatalyst selected from the group consisting of a microorganism which is a Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain NUMB 41164, a mutant thereof and a nitrite hydratase obtainable from Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain NCIMB 41164 or a mutant thereof. Also claimed is a method of storing the Rhodococcus rhodochrous NUMB 41164.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel bis-triazinylaminostilbene amphoteric fluorescent whitening agents, comprising both individual components and mixtures thereof, a process for their preparation, intermediates useful for their preparation and use of the fluorescent whitening agents for the fluorescent whitening of paper.