Abstract: The invention relates to agglomerates of flame-retardants, in particular melamine cyanurate, containing aggregates with an average size of between 0.1 and 50? bonded to each other with the aid of an auxiliary material. This auxiliary material is present in a concentration of between 0.1 and 10 wt. %, relative to the total agglomerates weight, and has a softening point higher than 40° C. The invention further relates to a method for producing said agglomerates, the use of the agglomerates in the preparation of polymer compositions, and polymer compositions containing melamine cyanurate.

Abstract: Disclosed are electroluminescent devices that comprise organic layers that contain certain 2H-benzotriazole compounds. The 2H-benzotriazole compounds of blue-emitting, durable, organo-electroluminescent layers. The electroluminescent devices may be employed for full color display panels in for example mobile phones, televisions and personal computer screens.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of ?,?-unsaturated acids, esters and amides from ?- or ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids or esters or precursors in high yields and high selectivity. The ?,?-unsaturated acids or esters are optionally prepared in the presence of specific dehydration and/or esterification catalysts. The ?,?-unsaturated amides or substituted amides are prepared optionally in the presence of a dehydration and/or amidation catalyst. The source of ?- or ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids or precusor is preferably from a renewable resource. The precursor is defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides 6-azo-5,5?-dihydroxy-7,7?-disulfo-2,2?-dinaphthylamine derivatives, their use as dyes, dyed paper and formulations comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of phenolic carboxylic acid derivatives catalysed by biocatalytic esterification, transesterification or amidation of a corresponding lower alkyl ester. Biocatalysis is performed in the presence of suitable enzymes, e.g. hydrolases, especially esterases, amidases, lipases and proteases.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for converting silica to polysilicate gels or hydrogels by combining an aqueous silica source with a CO2 feed stream as the gel initiator, whereby the reaction stream is propelled at high velocity and turbulence maintaining the CO2 uptake rate in the reaction stream. The invention also relates to a process for converting silica to polysilicate by pre-carbonating water at pressures of equal to or greater than 100 psig before initiating the polysilicate reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture of fluorescent whitening agents comprising 11 to 20% by weight of a compound of formula (1), and 80 to 89% by weight of a compound of formula (2), wherein R1 denotes hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C5-C14aryl or C6-C24aralkyl and X is a bivalent radical of formula (3), (4) or (5) compositions containing the mixture and the use of the compositions for whitening synthetic fibers, in particular, polyester.

Abstract: A process of preparing an aqueous composition comprising a polysilicate, wherein the composition is a substantially uniform liquid when measured at 25° C., comprising the steps of, i) providing an aqueous liquid having a source of silicate, ii) adjusting the pH of the liquid to between about 2 and about 10.5, thereby causing polymerisation of the silicate, iii) allowing sufficient time for the polymerisation to proceed to substantial completion and thereby forming a product comprising gelled material, iv) subjecting the gelled material to sufficient shear to form a substantially uniform liquid. The novel aqueous composition made by this process is useful in the manufacture of paper and paperboard either as a mineral filler or as a retention/drainage aid.

Abstract: The Invention relates to novel ketones of formulae (I) and (II) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are, for example, C1-C8alkyl, R5 is, for example, hydrogen, A is CI, Br, -0-R7, —NR8R9 or —S—R16, A? is —O—, —NH— or —NR8—, X and Y are each independently of the other —O—R10 or —N(R11)(R12), n is an integer from 1 to 10, R6 is, for example, an n-valent radical of linear or branched C2-C20alkyl the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by cyclohexanediyl, phenylene, —CH(OH)—, —C(C2H5)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —C(CH3)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —C(CH2—CH2—OH)2—, —N(CH3)—, —N(C2H5)—, —N(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —P(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —P(O)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, -0-P(O—CH2—CH2—OH)—O—, -0-P(O)(0-CH2—CH2—OH)—O—, —O-cyclohexanediyl-C(CH3)2-Cyclohexanediyl-O—, —O-phenylene-C(CH3)2-phenylene-O—, —O-phenylene-CH2-phenylene-O—, —Si(CH3)2—, -0-Si(CH3)2—O—, —O—Si(CH3)(0-CH3)—O—, —Si(CH3)(R17)—O—Si(CH3)(R18)—, 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4,6-trione-1,3-diyl and/or by from one to nine oxygen atoms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of organic material comprising an organic substrate and at least one dielectric layer consisting of one or more oxides of a metal selected from groups 3 to 15 of the periodic table, which comprises the steps of: (a) suspending the organic material in an aqueous solution of fluorine scavenger; (b) adding an aqueous solution of one or more fluorine containing metal complexes which are the precursors of the desired metal oxide coating; and (c) subjecting said suspension to microwave radiation to deposit the metal oxide onto said organic material, wherein steps (b) and (c) can optionally be repeated using different fluorine containing metal complexes to produce one or more metal oxide layers. The substrate can be optionally dissolved with solvent to yield free metal oxide or mixed metal oxides that have a plane-parallel structure.

Abstract: A process of producing fermentation product comprising the steps of, (i) forming an acidified suspension of particulate plant derived material comprising a first polysaccharide which is more readily hydrolysable and a second polysaccharide which is more difficult to hydrolysable, (ii) allowing the first polysaccharide to undergo hydrolysis by action of the acid at a temperature of at least 50° C.

Abstract: The molecular weight of cationic polymers, such as diallyldialkyl ammonium chloride, can be increased by controlled addition of a water-soluble radical initiator at an elevated reaction temperature with agitation to prepare high molecular weight, crosslinked, water-soluble cationic polymers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method or use of 2,9-dichloro-quinacridone as an alpha crystal phase inhibitor and optionally, 4,11-dichloroquinacridone during the beta-quinacridone or gamma-quinacridone crude pigment particle size reduction processes. The invention is also directed to solid solutions of quinacridone comprising about 98 to about 80 weight % gamma or beta-quinacridone, about 0.1 to about 10 weight % 2,9-dichloroquinacridone and about 0.1 to about 10 weight % 4,11-dichloroquinacridone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling pitch and stickies deposit in a pulp and papermaking process using crosslinked cationic polymers made by controlled addition of a water soluble radical initiator at reaction temperature with agitation for chain extension and crosslinking.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) or (II) wherein R1 is C1-C10haloalkylsulfonyl, halobenzenesulfonyl, C2- C10haloalkanoyl, halobenzoyl; R2 is halogen or C1-C10 haloalkyl; Arl is phenyl, biphenylyl, fluorenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, phenanthryl, or heteroaryl, all of which are optionally substituted; Ar?1 is for example phenylene, naphthylene, diphonylene, heteroarylene, oxydiphenylene, phenyleneD-D1-D-phenylene or —Ar?1-A1—Y1-A1—Ar?1—; wherein these radicals optionally are substituted; Ae?, is phenylene, naphthylene, anthracylene, phenanthrylene, or heteroarylene, all optionally substituted; A, is for example a direct bond, —0—, —S—, or —NR6—; Y, inter alia is C1-C18alkylene; X is halogen; D is for example —0—, —S— or —NR6—; D, inter alia is C1-C18alkylene; are particularly suitable as photolatent acids in ArF resist technology.

Abstract: Process for making paper or paper board comprising, forming an aqueous cellulosic suspension, adding a retention system to the cellulosic suspension, draining the suspension on a screen to form a sheet and drying the sheet, wherein the retention system comprises a swelling clay which has a TAPPI brightness of at least 70.

Abstract: Anionic monoazo dyes of the formula (1) in which A represents 1- or 2-naphthyl residue, which is substituted by a total of one or two sulphonic and/or carboxylic acid groups.

Abstract: A stabilizer composition comprising (A) a compound of the formula (I) wherein R is (CH2—CH2—O—)n, —R2; —CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—O—R2; or —CH(R3)—CO—O—R4; n is 0 or 1; R2 is C1-C13alkyl or C2C20alkenyl or C6-C12aryl or CO—C1-C18alkyl; R3 is H or C1-C8 alkyl; R4 is C1-C12alkyl or C2-C12alkenyl or C5C6cycloalkyl; and (B) one or more compounds selected from benzotriazoles of the formula (IIa), 2-hydroxybenzophenones of the formula (IIb), oxalanilides of the formula (IIc), 2-hydroxyphenyltriazines of formula (IId), cinnamates of formula (IIe), and benzoates of formula (IIf) as defined in claim 1, is especially effective towards stabilizing organic materials against degradation induced by light, heat or oxidation.

Abstract: Chemically amplified photoresist compositions comprising, (a) a compound which cures upon the action of an acid or a compound whose solubility is increased upon the action of an acid; and (b) a compound of the formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa), (IIIb), (Iva), (Ivb), (Va), (Vb) or (VIa), wherein n is 1 or 2; m is 0 or 1; X0 is —[CH2]h—X or —CH?CH2; h is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; R1 when n is 1, is for example optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, phenanthryl, or heteroaryl; R1, when n is 2, is for example optionally substituted phenylene or naphthylene; R2 for example has one of the meanings of R1; X is for example —OR20, —NR21R22, —SR23; X? is -X1-A3-X2-; X1 and X2 are for example —O—, —S— or a direct bond; A3 is e.g. phenylene; R3 has for example one of the meanings given for R1; R4 has for example one of the meaning given for R2; R5 and R6 e.g. are hydrogen; G i.a. is —S— or —O—; R7 when n is 1, e.g. is phenyl, optionally substituted, when n is 2, is for example phenylene; R8 and R9 e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrroles of the formula (I), wherein A1, A2, A3 and A4 are as defined in the description of the present invention, to new diketopyrrolopyrroles of the general formula I obtainable by the process, and the use of the new diketopyrrolopyrroles of the general formula I for the preparation of inks, colorants, pigmented plastics for coatings, non-impact-printing material, color filters, cosmetics, polymeric ink particles, toners, dye lasers and electroluminescent devices, or as fluorescent markers for immunoassays and fluorescent tracers for leak detection of fluids.