Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for substrate inspection and other lighting applications. It includes an lighting apparatus 10 which comprises: an illuminator 12 including a light source for emitting lights 14; supporting means for supporting an object (e.g. a patterned substrate) 18 having a finely patterned surface 16 on which predetermined patterns are formed, which is illuminated at a predetermined angle with the lights 14 from the illuminator 12; and determining means 24 for determining whether or not predetermined patterns on the surface of the object (substrate) 16 are deformed using lights 22 diffracted by the finely patterned surface 16, wherein the illuminator 12 applies two kinds of lights 14 each having a narrow wavelength range with a peak wavelength at a respective one of two complementary colors.

Abstract: Compositions which are used directly in the conventional home laundry machine to clean and renourish articles made from leather, textile and synthetic leather. Specifically, two separate compositions are used during a typical washing cycle in the home washing machine. First, the leather laundry solution is added during the “wash cycle.” Subsequently a laundry rinse and dressing composition is added to the finishing rinse cycle of the washing machine. The composition may also be used as a wipe-on application after laundering.

Abstract: To provide an electronic watermark method and system for which the detection reliability of embedded information does not depend on the strength of signals that are measured in frames. To achieve the above object, information is prepared for embedding as a bit stream, the sign of the bit stream being changed in accordance with a sign inversion cycle, and the bit stream being embedded in a frame. As for detection of information, values obtained through observation of frames are accumulated, and the accumulated values are compared with threshold values that are varied in accordance with the accumulated values obtained by observation. The comparison results are then employed to detect the embedded information.

Abstract: A real-time load-balancing system for distributing a sequence of incoming data packets emanating from a high speed communication line to a plurality of processing means, each operating at a capacity that is lower than the capacity of the high speed communication line; the system according to the invention comprises: a parser capable of extracting a configurable set of classifier bits from the incoming packets for feeding into a compression means; the compression means is capable of reducing a bit pattern of length K to a bit pattern having a length L which is a fraction of K; a pipeline block for delaying incoming packets until a load balancing decision is found, and an inverse demultiplexer for receiving a port identifier output from said compression means as selector and for directing pipelined packets to the appropriate output port.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and apparatus which provide a solution to the problem of server load balancing. Log files are collected from each server within a server cluster. The log files are analysed by the monitoring process to find file relations. The analysis uses a window to search for requests such that a file relation is established. Other techniques are described to establish file relations. Based on file relations files are merged into groups such that these groups of files can be distributed to N servers within a server cluster. The file merging process continues until there are N groups corresponding to the N servers. The files for each group are either distributed to each server, or all files are distributed to all servers and each server activates only the subset which comprises the group of files for that server.

Abstract: A multiple access communications network system in which a head-end controller (HC) broadcasts data and medium-access control (MAC) information over a set of downstream channels to several stations, and these stations send information to the HC over a shared upstream channel.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a packet-processing apparatus and a packet switch adapter for the processing of variable-length packets comprising packet data and packet information. The adapter and/or the apparatus comprises a distributor for distributing the packets to several parallel, identical processing paths, each comprising at least one processing unit, whereto the packets are fed and which is able to process only for one of the packets its packet information at any moment in time. The feeding is interruptable for feeding a different of the packets to another of the processing paths. Furthermore, a packet-processing method for distributing received variable-length packets to several parallel, identical processing paths is disclosed.

Abstract: A digital communications network system for multiple access has a head-end node and at least one station node at at least one other end node; the system comprises a head-end controller (3) capable of transmitting data and medium-access control information to at least one station (6), preferably a plurality of station means, over a set of downstream channels within a first frequency range, and receiving information from the station or stations over an upstream channel within a second frequency range; the upstream channel comprises at least one upstream subchannel, preferably a plurality of upstream subchannels; the system further comprises at least one connection, preferably a plurality of connections, for connecting the head-end controller with the station or stations; each station includes means for receiving data and medium-access control information from the head-end controller; further means are provided for sending a data stream at a first signal level over at least one upstream subchannel, preferably a

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for configuring network addresses on multiple machines, such that each machine obtains its own unique network address and other network parameters. These parameters may include network mask, default gateway and DNS servers, etc. The invention further provides apparatus, a computer product and an article of manufacture comprising a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing a computer process to be capable of participating in the network configuration and address assignment process. In an example embodiment multiple unconfigured servers are attached to a network together with one or more configured servers. The process is started by one of the configured servers which triggers the unconfigured machines to participate in a distributed protocol whereby the unconfigured servers mutually agree on unique network addresses for themselves.

Abstract: The invention comprises a transducer, computer hardware, and software. The computer hardware contains a waveform-input device. The transducer (such as a microphone) converts a signal (such as sound waves) into a time-varying voltage. The waveform-input device periodically samples this voltage and digitizes each sample, thereby producing an array of N numbers in the memory of the computer that represent a small snippet of the signal measured over a time interval &Dgr;tmeas. Snippets are typically measured one after the other at a repetition rate that is inversely related to &Dgr;tmeas. The software, also stored in the memory of the computer, and executed using its central processing unit, includes a spectral-analysis process that analyzes the frequency content of each snippet and produces an associated spectrum. The software also includes a novel note-analysis process that analyzes the spectrum and extracts from it the pitch and timbre of the principal musical note contained therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides shared communication medium capability to the plethora of computer devices, like the PCCAs, that normally are able to communicate with other devices via dedicated point-to-point links, e.g., via the practically universal RS-232 ports. It allows the sharing of the communication medium in a dynamic fashion depending on the instantaneous traffic demands by the various communicating devices. It further allows the emulation of point-to-point links over the shared communications medium in such a way that applications running on a PCCA use the shared medium transparently. Thus, this invention enables applications designed to operate over a point-to-point connection to operate over the shared medium without any modifications of the applications or the point-to-point devices.

Abstract: A matrix addressed display system designed so as to enable data line repair by electronic mechanisms which is efficient and low in cost and thus increases yield. Such active data line repair utilizes additional data driver outputs, a defect map memory in the TFT/LCD module and modification of the data stream to the data drivers by additional circuits between the display and the display adapter. A bus configuration on the display substrate is utilized which combines repair flexibility, low parasitic capacitance, and the ability to easily make the necessary interconnections. The number of interconnections is kept to a minimum, the connections are reliable, and the connections may be made with conventional wire bond or laser bond technology, or disk bond technology.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for the color calibration of displays. These methods are particularly useful for displays having properties different than those associated with cathode ray tubes (CRT). Some displays, for example liquid crystal displays (LCD), have a high luminance black, the chromas of their primaries are not independent of their luminance levels, the intensities of their primaries are not strictly monotonically increasing with respect to their RGB levels, the color additivity of their subpixels is affected by crosstalk or leakage and their color measurements are dependent on the view angle of the observer. Therefore, the usage of CRT methods is deficient for such displays.

Abstract: The present invention is an admixture of an electrically conductive material and an energy sensitive material resulting in a conductive energy sensitive composition. The structures are useful for lithography in microelectronic fabrication to avoid the effects of charging on resists from electron beams. The compositions are also useful in applications of scanning electron metrology and static dissipation.

Abstract: A process of silylation of object surfaces using a mixture of a silylation agent in admixture with an inert liquified gas, such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method of exposing a composite organic/inorganic master to alkylchlorosilanes in the vapor phase. Chlorosilanes participate in facile reactions with hydroxyl groups existing on the surface of inorganic oxides (such as glass or the native oxides on silicon, aluminum, tin, etc.); or those in organics-containing phenolic or alcoholic groups, such as photoresists. The alkyl group on the silane can be chosen from a large selection of aliphatic or aromatic organic groups that have substituents with varying polarity and reactivity.

Abstract: The present invention is a method to eliminate the influence of clamp dimensional changes on the displacement measurement during the measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of samples in tension. In a first embodiment clamp dimensional changes can be eliminated by making clamps from a material with near zero CTEs. In another embodiment clamp dimensional changes can be reduced by minimizing the CTE of the clamp material. Finally clamp dimensional changes are taken into account. This is achieved directly by subtracting a prerecorded baseline from the measurements; or by determining the CTE measurement for various sample lengths and obtaining the slope of a straight line through the points on a MD (measured displacement)/DT (temperature range of displacement measurement) versus sample length plot. The slope is the corrected CTE.

Abstract: A computer readable program product for detecting the rough position of a two dimensional code included in image data, wherein the proportion of two dimensional code in each of small areas is determined by dividing the image data, and the small areas are then ranked based upon the proportions obtained.

Abstract: Transmission techniques suitable for use in digital subscriber line (DSL) systems such as very high rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) systems are described. One embodiment of the present invention describes a transmission technique related to OFDM from high-speed transmission over twisted-pair cables. The scheme, also known as filtered multitone modulation (FMT), exhibits significantly lower spectral overlapping between adjacent subchannels and provides higher transmission efficiency than discrete multitone modulation (DMT).

Abstract: Materials containing precursors to electrically conductive polymers and electrically conductive polymers are described which have a high degree of crystallinity. The high degree of crystallinity is achieved by preparing the materials under conditions which provide a high degree of mobility to the polymer molecules permitting them to associate with one another to form a crystalline state. High levels of electrical conductivity are achieved in the electrically conductive materials without stretch orienting the material. The enhanced electrical conductivity is isotropic as compared to a stretch oriental film which has isotropic electrical conductivity.