Abstract: A cultivating machine has tines mounted on an elongated horizontal support that is driven to move the tines forwardly through the soil towards the normal direction of travel. The tines are in groups along the length of the support and each group has a number of pairs of opposing units. Each unit includes bracket portions having two rims and a tine is fastened to each rim. Opposing portions are bolted together to form a whole bracket that mounts four tines around the support. Each tine is a strip-shaped member that is hook-like in configuration with an inner straight portion and an outer soil working portion having a pointed tip. The inner portion has a series of holes along its length which can be releasably fastened to a respective rim in any one of a plurality of positions that change the working length of the tine. A front hood partially surrounds the tines and support and a rod grating is positioned at the rear of the tines. A rear hood is connected to the machine and located behind the grating.

Abstract: The measurement of a dc current from ions produced in a surface ionization detector for particulates in combination with simultaneous particulate counting to differentiate between particulates above or below a predetermined size and total particulates present thus determining whether a given aerosol consists primarily of large particulates or very small particulates and providing general information about the particle size in an aerosol. The dc current measurement further provides surface ionization detection of particulates at densities which overload circuitry for pulse counting, whereby the dynamic range of the instrument is extended.

Abstract: A cultivating machine has subsoil tines and corresponding plate-shaped elements are pivoted to the lower portions of the tines. A driving mechanism, including at least one eccentric is connected to one or more of the elements or tines and the elements are caused to pivot up and down at their working depths to only partially raise the subsoil. The driving mechanism can also be connected to a further soil working member with soil engaging bars positioned to oscillate and work the topsoil.

Abstract: A mowing machine is connectable to a tractor's lifting hitch and power take-off shaft. A row of rotors is mounted along the length of a laterally extending support plate that is pivoted to the main frame. Each rotor includes a hub and cutter member assembly on an upwardly extending shaft engaged by a driving assembly. The driving assembly can be an elongated shaft that passes through a gear box for each rotor that is fastened to the support plate or a series of meshed gear wheels housed as a readily replaceable unit in a gear box and journalled to the support plate. The assembly includes a single blade pivoted to each hub eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation of the respective rotor and a counter balancing component. Reduction gearing interconnects the power take-off shaft to the shafts of the rotors through a main gear box to revolve their blades at high rates of speed, i.e. at least 6000 and preferably 8000 to 10,000 r.p.m.

Abstract: An implement assembly includes two elongated frame portions with respective coupling members that are linked to one another. Either frame portion can be leading or trailing and in a preferred arrangement, the leading frame portion has tined soil working members that work overlapping strips of top soil while the trailing frame portion has tined tools that work subsoil in non-overlapping paths. A common transmission can be fixed to either respective gear box that rotates the members and the tools. In either arrangment, the transmission is connected to the driving gears for both the members and the tools which can be rotated at different speeds from that of the members. A ground engaging wheel can be positioned at either side of the center of the assembly to bear on ground that is located between neighboring tools and/or members. The member can work paths of soil having different widths from those of the tools.

Abstract: A haymaking machine has two side-by-side rake wheels that are driven to rotate about upwardly extending axes and move crop between the wheels. Converging guide walls of horizontal rods are positioned in front of the rake wheels and some of the rods extend rearwardly to intersect the working paths of the wheels. Preferably the walls are located above the wheels. Each wheel has arms pivoted to a central portion and groups of tines are pivoted to the outer ends of the arms to turn about horizontal axes. Each group of tines is mounted on a carrier by coils that surround a tube so that the coils can be turned relative to the tube about a vertical axis and set in swath or tedding positions. Swath guides can be positioned at the rear of the rake wheels.

Abstract: Apparatus removably mounted on a standard model agricultural tractor of a type used principally for pulling various implements and for hauling, and to which agricultural implements cannot usually be advantageously mounted at the front of the tractor, the apparatus including a second steering device at and facing the rear and at a side of the tractor which is linked to the tractor's regular steering device. A seat for the driver may be pivoted 180.degree. to one side for constituting a driver's seat when controlling the second steering device or two seats facing in opposite directions may be provided. A second set of pedals, such as a clutch, accelerator, and brake project from the deck of the attachment in the vicinity of the second steering device and are mechanically linked to the regular control pedals.

Abstract: A cultivating implement with a coupling mechanism for attachment to the rear of a prime mover has a row of rotatable tined supports mounted on upwardly extending shafts. The implement has an elongated frame to house the drive elements for the row of supports which extend transverse to the direction of travel. A ground roller is pivoted to the frame to trail the tined supports and interconnected with the frame through arms that have adjusting means. The adjusting device can vary the distance between the frame and the ground roller so that, in effect, the working depths of the tines are regulated. The implement is supported solely by the roller, coupling mechanism and the tines. A seed drill with coulters is connected to the implement so that seeds can be directly sown in the soil worked by the tines. The tines are configured to intensely work the soil and the roller is positioned to support much of the weight of the implement and crumble the soil.

Abstract: The selection of charged particles having a narrow band of kinetic energies from emitted charged particles having a wider band of kinetic energies by repulsing those particles having energies less than the lower energy in the transmitted energy band through means of a similarly charged barrier and in the same device insufficiently deflecting the higher energy particles which pass the barrier by a field provided beyond the barrier whereby they fail to pass through an exit aperture. Thus only particles having energies within the desired band pass through an exit aperture which is disposed on the opposite side of the barrier. The pass band of energies is variable in width and location, and the width of the band may be independent or a function of the energy in the band depending on the potentials applied to the barrier and the strength of the field beyond the barrier.

Abstract: A cultivating implement has a row of soil working members that are driven to rotate about upwardly extending axes and work overlapping paths. The working members each have freely rotatable tools which turn about further upwardly extending axes responsive to ground contact. The tools' axes of rotation can be angled to that of the corresponding working member. Also, one or more tines can be fixed in place to a support of the working member. A distribution member can be secured to the frame at the rear of each region of overlap of the soil working members to displace soil laterally. Also, an elongated supporting roller has portions with bent rods located to the rear of the distribution members. The rods engage the soil worked by the rotation working members and initially displaced by the distribution members. The bends of the rods can be positioned in line with the distribution members to further urge soil laterally of the direction of implement travel.

Abstract: A multi-purpose cargo shipping container having provision for optional individual unit use or plural interlocked use. On the one hand the individual unit may be utilized for carrying relatively high density cargo, while on the other, a pair of interlocked units forming a container may carry low package density cargo. The units are modular to permit more efficient utilization of the cargo stowing area in ships, rail cars and motor carriers.