Abstract: The present invention relates to a chip card containing a ferroelectric liquid-crystal display containing a ferroelectric liquid-crystal display containing a ferroelectric liquid-crystal layer in which the liquid-crystal layer has optical anisotropy values of ≦0.15 in the region of the operating temperature. The chip card according to the invention is particularly practicable since the display can be switched at voltages ≦15 V, generally ≦5 V. It can be written in a broad temperature range, and is robust to everyday loads, such as pressure, flexing or thermal deformation.

Abstract: A ferroelectric active-matrix liquid-crystal display containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal which forms a ‘spontaneous bookshelf’ geometry.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula R1aRebOc.Ld  (I), in which and the total of a, b and c is such as to comply with the pentavalency or heptavalency of rhenium, with the proviso that c is not larger than 3×b, and in which R1 is absent or identical or different, and is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl radical having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, it being possible for the R1 radicals where appropriate to be substituted identically or differently, independently of one another, as catalysts for oxidizing electron-rich aromatic compounds and their derivatives, the catalysts being employed in a peroxide-containing solution in the presence of an anhydride of a carboxylic acid and/or of a dehydrating agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the epoxidation of alkenes of the formula (1) where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C20-alkyl, C1-C12-alkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, —CHOH—CH3, —CH—NH2—CH3 or carboxy, using air or oxygen over a catalyst comprising compounds of the formula (2) MoxOy(L)z  (2) where x is 1, 2 or 3, y is an integer from 0 to 2x+1, z is an integer from 1 to 2x, where the ligand L is a compound of the formula (3) or (4) where X is a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom, Y is hydrogen, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, F, Cl, Br, I, COOCH3, C6-C14-aryl or C3-C8-cycloalkyl, R7 and R8 form a ring containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms onto which one or two aromatic rings may be fused, R5 and R6 are hydrogen, branched or straight-chain C1-C12-alkyl or branched or straight-chain C1-C12-haloalkyl which are substituents on the ring formed by R7 and R8 and/or the rings fused onto this ring, or t

Abstract: 1,4-&agr;-D-Polyglucan-based thermoplastic mixture, process for the preparation and use thereof The present invention relates to a thermoplastic mixture based on biopolymers obtainable by preparing and mixing (A) 100 parts by weight of a biocatalytically produced 1,4-&agr;-D-polyglucans, (B) up to 400 parts by weight of a melt-processable polymeric material different from (A), (C) water in an amount sufficient for plastification of the mixture, (D) at least one plasticizer in an amount of 10 parts by weight up to half the total of the parts by weight of (A) and (B), and (E) where appropriate up to ((A)+(B)) parts by weight of other conventional additives, where the water content of components (A) and (B) has been corrected to zero by calculation where the plastification takes place with introduction of thermal and mechanical energy, to the use of the mixture for producing essentially biodegradable moldings and sheets, and to a process for preparing the mixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymerizable biaryl derivatives comprises reacting an aromatic comprising a 6-membered ring which bears ester or benzylic OH groups in the 1,4 position with a second aromatic in a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to give a biaryl and converting the ester or benzylic OH groups into polymerizable groups in one or more steps. The biaryls obtained are suitable for preparing polymers which are used as electroluminescence materials.

Abstract: Ordered poly(arylene-vinylene)terpolymers, process for their preparation and their use as electroluminescence materials Poly(arylene-vinylene) terpolymers comprising repeating units of the formula (I), where the symbols have the following meanings: Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 are identical or different and are monocyclic or polycyclic, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl groups which may be linked via one or more bridges or be fused, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 are identical or different and are each H or a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms which may be substituted, preferably by F, and may also contain heteroatoms, preferably O, are suitable as electroluminescence materials.

Abstract: Homogeneous mixtures are described and can be processed to give shaped biodegradable and physiologically nonhazardous articles, such as packagings for food or drink or pharmaceutical products, sausage casings and the like. The mixtures comprise dialdehyde starch with a degree of oxidation of greater than 30%, starch which does not exhibit any iodine-starch reaction, and/or modified starch, water and other plasticizers, and also, if desired, other biopolymers and additives.

Abstract: The use of compounds of the formula (I) R1aRebOc•Ld  (I), in which a=zero or an integer from 0 to 6 b=an integer from 1 to 4 c=an integer from 1 to 12 d=an integer from 0 to 4 L=Lewis base and the total of a, b and c is such as to comply with the penta- or hepta-valency of rhenium, with the proviso that c is not greater than 3•b, and in which R1 is absent, identical or different and is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl radical having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, where the R1 radicals can, where appropriate, be substituted identically or differently, independently of one another, as catalysts for the selective oxidation of olefins with cleavage of C═C bonds to give the corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of a peroxide-containing compound, where the amount of substance ratio of olefin to peroxide-containing compound is in a range from 1:

Abstract: Process for preparing propene oxide, in which a mixture of propene and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is reacted at a temperature in the range from 150 to 500° C., in the presence or absence of a catalyst, in a reactor, wherein all or part of the interior of the reactor is lined with inert materials. The inert material used is at least one of the materials of the following group: one or more noble metals of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table, in particular gold, titanium and tantalum, glass, enamel, quartz, ceramic and Teflon. The selectivity to propene oxide is >60%.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroindoles of the formula (I) by reaction of halostyrenes of the formula (IIa) or (IIb) with amines of the formula (III) R1—NH2  (III) in at least one inert solvent or in water, and in the presence of at least one base.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for preparing monofunctional, bifunctional or/and polyfunctional olefins of the formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or/and (Id), where R1 to R3 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, (C1-C8)-alkyl, CN, COOH, COO-alkyl-(C1-C8), CO-alkyl-(C1-C8), aryl-(C6-C10), COO-aryl-(C6-C10), CO-aryl-(C6-C10), O-alkyl-(C1-C8), O—CO-alkyl-(C1-C8) or N-alkyl2-(C1-C8) and aryl is an aromatic radical containing up to 14 carbon atoms, where aryl is as defined above, and Ar is a heteroaromatic, by reacting haloaromatics, haloolefins or/and heterohaloaromatics of the formulae (IIa), (IIb), (IIc) or/and (IId) with olefins of the formula (III), wherein a mixture of a palladium(0) complex or a palladium(II) salt with phosphite ligands of the formulae (IVa) or/and (IVb) is used as catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to homogeneously colored polyester particles having a mean particle size <50 &mgr;m and a monomodal particle size distribution with a span (=d90−d10/d50)≦2.5, which can be melted at temperatures <200° C. to form a continuous coating, to a process for their preparation and to their use for powder coatings. In a preferred embodiment the particles comprise units of formulae (1) and (2) —CO—X—CO  (1) —O—D—O—  (2) where X is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C14 aromatic radical or an alkylene, polymethylene, cycloalkane or dimethylene-cycloalkane group or a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkanediyl group and D is an alkylene, polymethylene, cycloalkane or dimethylene-cycloalkane group or a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkanediyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification and molecular-biological and biochemical characterization of novel DEAH-box proteins which show structural similarity with other known helicases. The invention also relates to DNA sequences encoding such proteins. It is demonstrated that such proteins bind ATP and nucleic acid and possess helicase and ATPase activities. This invention further relates to processes for preparation of such proteins and their use in pharmacologically relevant test systems and therapeutic applications.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective oxidation of olefins in the presence of air or oxygen, comprising a compound of the formula (1) MoxOy(L)z  (1) where x is 1, 2 or 3, y is an integer from 0 to 2x+1, z is an integer from 1 to 2x, wherein the ligand L is a compound of the formula (2) or (3)  where n is 0 or 1, X is a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom, Y is hydrogen, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, F, Cl, Br, I, COOCH3, C6-C14-aryl or C3-C8-cycloalkyl, R3 and R4 form a ring containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms onto which one or two aromatic rings may be fused, R1 and R2 are hydrogen, branched or straight-chain C1-C12-alkyl or branched or straight-chain C1-C12-haloalkyl which substitute the ring formed by R3 and R4 and/or the rings fused onto this ring, or the ligand L is a compound of the formula (4) or (5) where R is hydrogen, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, COOCH3, carbonyl oxygen, C6-C14-aryl or C3-C8-cycloalkyl and n is 1 or 2 and m is from 1 to 6.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for cooling polymerization reactors in the preparation of polyolefins, the polymerization being carried out in a first reactor and in at least one further reactor, the further reactor or reactors being connected downstream of the first reactor and each being cooled by an internal cooling circuit in which a cooling medium circulates. The invention comprises feeding cooling medium from the cooling circuit (9) of the first reactor (1) into the cooling circuit (10) of at least one further reactor (2) and taking off the same amount of cooling medium from the cooling circuit (10) of this reactor (2), cooling it and recirculating it into the cooling circuit (9) of the first reactor (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a shaped body, in which a mixture of oxidic starting powders or a superconducting material, which comprises at least 30% by volume of platelet-shaped primary particles and has such a composition that a high-temperature superconducting material is formed on later, suitable thermal treatment, is comminuted by milling, shearing and/or rolling in such a way that the comminuted powder has a powder particle size distribution having a d90 of ≦20 &mgr;m, and in which the powders which have been comminuted in this way are isostatically compacted by the dry bag method.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of an N-arylethylaniline of the formula (I) Ar—N(R1)2-n(CHR2CHR3Ar′)n  (I) by reacting an aromatic olefin of the formula (II) Ar′CR3=CHR2  (II) with an aniline of the formula (III) Ar—N(R1)2-n(H)n  (III) in an inert solvent in the presence of at least one basic catalyst selected from the group consisting of alkali metal alcoholates and alkaline earth metal alcoholates or alkali metal amides and alkaline earth metal amides, where, in the formulae (I) to (III), Ar and Ar′, independently of one another, are an aryl radical selected from the group consisting of the fused and nonfused C6-C22-aromatics and of the fused or nonfused C5-C22heteroaromatics which have at least one nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; R1, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are a hydrogen atom, a C1-C8-alkyl radical or an aryl radical Ar; and n is the number 1 or 2.

Abstract: Spiro compounds of the formula (I), where X1, X2, X3, X4 are identical or different and are —S—, —O—, —NR5—, —CR5═N— or —CR5═CH—, with the proviso that at least one of the groups X1-4 is different from —CR5═CH—, are suitable as charge transport materials, in particular for photovoltaic cells, and as electroluminescence materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the selective preparation of acetic acid from a gaseous feed comprising ethane, ethylene or mixtures thereof plus oxygen at elevated temperature, which comprises bringing the gaseous feed into contact with a catalyst comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen MoaPdbXcYd  (I) where the symbols X and Y have the following meanings: X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Te and/or W, in particular Nb, V and W; Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Cu, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, TI and U, in particular Ca, Sb, Te and Li. The present invention further provides a catalyst for the selective preparation of acetic acid comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in the gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen.