Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided to treat for example a semiconductor wafer substrate wherein a delivery means for heat, a cryogen, and a fluid chemical reactant, is disposed in a chamber in which the substrate is disposed for at least one surface of the substrate to be cleaned in the chamber. The chamber may also consist of a plurality of stations for chemically treating, providing cryogen to the substrate to effect such cleaning and heating. Air is provided in the chamber in a laminar flow substantially parallel to the surface being treated to remove displaced material from the surface and prevent redeposition of the material on the substrate surface.

Abstract: This invention is a modular, adjustable, easy to maintain, portable or fixed food sanitation tunnel, comprising an enclosing means for subjecting food to sanitizers including UV light, ozone, hydroperoxides, superoxides and hydroxyl radicals, and a method for using the system. The enclosing means includes one or more UV radiation sources and one or more target rods located within a tunnel, such as a c-shaped shell. The UV radiation sources are preferably UV light sources that emit UV light of approximately 185 to 254 nm. The target rods are approximately up to 0–30% titanium dioxide, up to 0–30% silver and up to 0–30% copper, by weight. The system may include a mister for the efficient production of hydroxyl radicals by the UV light sources. Parts of the system are easily removable for cleaning and for maintenance. Also, in an alternative embodiment, the tunnel is located on a frame, and the frame is on wheels.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a high vapor pressure liquid prior to or simultaneous with cryogenic cleaning to remove contaminants from the surface of substrates requiring precision cleaning such as semiconductors, metal films, or dielectric films. A liquid suitable for use in the present invention preferably has a vapor pressure above 5 kPa and a freezing point below ?50° C.

Abstract: The present invention is a high volume, wall-mountable air sanitation apparatus for disinfecting and removing VOCs from air with high energy UV light and ozone. The apparatus has a powerful fan and an elongated UV light source and target for use with the movement of a large volume of air. The target includes a mesh and a secondary target both comprising a target compound which creates hydro-peroxides, super oxide ions and hydroxyl radicals in the presence of water also for removing pollutants in the air.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards the use of a reactive gas or vapor of a reactive liquid prior to or in combination with cryogenic cleaning to remove contaminants from the semiconductor surfaces or other substrate surfaces requiring precision cleaning. The reactive gas or vapor is selected according to the contaminants to be removed and the reactivity of the gas or vapor with the contaminants. Preferably, this reaction forms a gaseous byproduct which is removed from the substrate surface by the flow of nitrogen across the surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a high vapor pressure liquid prior to or simultaneous with cryogenic cleaning to remove contaminants from the surface of substrates requiring precision cleaning such as semiconductors, metal films, or dielectric films. A liquid suitable for use in the present invention preferably has a vapor pressure above 5 kPa and a freezing point below ?50° C.

Abstract: A compact, efficient, easy-to-maintain enclosable cabinet for sanitizing a liquid flowing along a cascade within a cabinet body, having a cabinet body, a plurality of troughs directing the liquid along a predetermined path including a cascade within the cabinet body and one or more sanitizing radiation sources for subjecting the liquid to a sanitizing radiation for a predetermined time while flowing along the predetermined path, whereby the liquid is subject to sufficient sanitizing radiation for a predetermined level of sanitization. The sanitizing radiation sources are assemblies having a UV light source, a UV light shield located between the UV light source and the liquid and a rigid internal reflector shield located between the UV light source and the UV light shield.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of preparing a compound 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane by reacting 2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane with bromine trifluoride. This reaction product is useful for inducing and maintaining anesthesia in warm blooded animals.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.2 is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, R.sup.3 is lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl or lower alkoxy lower alkyl, and L is selected from a wide variety of groups. This new class of compounds exhibit improved analgesic and anesthetic properties.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for replacing a carboxylic acid group with a fluorine group in a halogenated aliphatic carboxylic acid compound having the formula, R-COOH, to prepare a fluorinated product having the formula, R-F, wherein R is a halogenated aliphatic group including straight- and branched-chain aliphatic groups selected from the group consisting of halogenated aliphatic and alkoxy-substituted halogenated aliphatic groups, wherein the method comprises the steps of (a) reacting the halogenated aliphatic carboxylic acid compound with bromine trifluoride, and (b) recovering the fluorinated product.

Abstract: This invention pertains to novel N-aryl-N-[N-substituted 3-alkoxy-4-piperidinyl]amides useful as analgesics, and methods of administering analgesia, which comprises the systemic administration to mammals of such compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, wherein the novel compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## including optically active isomeric forms, cis/trans isomeric forms and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts therof, wherein:R is an aryl group selected from the group consisting of phenyl and substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents on the phenyl group are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy, and combinations thereof;R.sub.1 is an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of lower-alkyl, lower-alkenyl, and lower-alkoxy lower-alkyl, each alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound having the formula CF.sub.3 CHFOCH.sub.3 comprising reacting a fluorinating agent with the reaction product of CF.sub.3 CH(OH)OCH.sub.3 and p-toluene sulfonyl chloride and an improved method for the preparation of CHF.sub.2 OCHFCF.sub.3 through the use of such compounds.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.2 is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, R.sup.3 is lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl or lower alkoxy lower alkyl, and L is selected from a wide variety of groups. This new class of compounds exhibit improved analgesic and anesthetic properties.

Abstract: This invention pertains to novel substituted N-heterocyclic-N-(4-piperidinyl)amides useful as analgesics and antagonists of opioids, wherein the compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## including optically active isomeric forms, and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein:R is a substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated heterocyclic ring system having 5 to 6 cyclic member atoms containing at least one nitrogen atom, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl;R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic ring systems having 5 cyclic member atoms, lower cyclic alkyl ring systems, lower-alkyl and lower-alkoxy lower-alkyl, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of furanyl lower-alkyl, thienyl lower-alkyl, pyrrolyl lower-alkyl, lower-alkyl, lower-cycloalkyl, and lower-alkoxy lower-alkyl of 2 to 6 carbons;R.sub.

Abstract: This invention pertains to novel substituted N-aryl-N-[1-substituted 3,5-dimethyl-4-piperidinyl]amides useful as analgesics, and methods of administering analgesia, which comprises the systemic administration to mammals of such compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, wherein the novel compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## including optically active isomeric forms, cis/trans isomeric forms and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein:R.sub.1 is an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of lower-alkyl, and lower-alkoxy lower-alkyl, each alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; andR.sub.2 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl lower-alkyl, pyridinyl, lower-alkyl, thienyl lower-alkyl, pyrazolyl lower-alkyl, tetrazolyl lower-alkyl, 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazolyl lower-alkyl, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindolyl (N-phthalimidyl) lower-alkyl, and 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazolyl lower-alkyl.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.2 is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, R.sup.3 is lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl or lower alkoxy lower alkyl, and L is selected from a wide variety of groups. This new class of compounds exhibit improved analgesic and anesthetic properties.

Abstract: This invention pertains to novel substituted N-heterocyclic-N-(4-piperidinyl)amides useful as analgesics and antagonists of opiolds, wherein the compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## including optically active isomeric forms, and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein:R is a substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated heterocyclic ring system having 5 to 6 cyclic member atoms containing at least one nitrogen atom, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl;R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic ring systems having 5 cyclic member atoms, lower cyclic alkyl ring systems, lower-alkyl and lower-alkoxy lower-alkyl, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of furanyl lower-alkyl, thienyl lower-alkyl, pyrrolyl lower-alkyl, lower-alkyl, lower-cycloalkyl, and lower-alkoxy lower-alkyl of 2 to 6 carbons;R.sub.

Abstract: This invention pertains to novel substituted N-heterocyclic-N-(4-piperidinyl)amides useful as analgesics and antagonists of opiods, wherein the compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## including optically active isomeric forms, and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein:R is a substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated heterocyclic ring system having 5 to 6 cyclic member atoms containing at least one nitrogen atom, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl;R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic ring systems having 5 cyclic member atoms, lower cyclic alkyl ring systems, lower-alkyl and lower-alkoxy lower-alkyl, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of furanyl lower-alkyl, thienyl lower-alkyl, pyrrolyl lower-alkyl, lower-alkyl, lower-cycloalkyl, and lower-alkoxy lower-alkyl of 2 to 6 carbons;R.sub.

Abstract: N-heterocyclic-4-piperidiyl-amides as analgesics and antagonists of opioids with respect to such undesirable side effects as respiratory depression.Exemplary compounds have the formula ##STR1## in which formula R is a heterocyclic group, and R.sup.1 is a furanyl, thienyl, or lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, and R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl phenyl group.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved stereoselective tandem substitution and reduction of an imine precursor to the cis form of .[.3-substituted-4-(phenylamino)piperidine.]. .Iadd.3-substituted-4-anilino piperidine .Iaddend.compounds or their substituted derivatives.