Abstract: An emergency fuel for an internal combustion engine comprises a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100° F. (such as about 65-75% paraffins and about 25-35% naphthenes, or about 75-85% paraffins and about 15-25% of C7 or higher alcohols, or an aromatic solvent, or an naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent) and a cold starting additive. The cold starting additive may be provided in an amount of less than 5,000 ppm, preferably between about 1 ppm and 150 ppm. The cold starting additive is preferably selected from peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds, cetane improvers, or combinations of these compounds. When the emergency fuel is added to a cold engine, including one substantially at room temperature, the engine may be easily started.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for making graft copolymers. The methods comprise the steps of: (a) providing (i) an ethylene/propylene (EP) copolymer or other graftable polymer, (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated sulfur-, nitrogen- and/or oxygen-containing monomer, and (iii) an amount of an initiator sufficient to graft said monomer and EP copolymer or other graftable polymer, (b) introducing said EP copolymer or other graftable polymer into an extruder; (c) introducing said monomer into the extruder; (d) introducing said initiator into the extruder, wherein at least one of the above-identified reactants in (a) is introduced in the presence of a polar solvent; and (e) reacting said EP copolymer or other graftable polymer, monomer and initiator by operating said extruder, thereby forming the graft copolymer. This invention also relates to methods of making a dispersant viscosity index improver and methods for making a lubricating oil.

Abstract: A grafted polyolefin containing one or more of N-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylpyridine, or other ethylenically-unsaturated nitrogen-containing or oxygen-containing graftable monomers grafted to a polyolefin copolymer is disclosed. The grafted polyolefin preferably has a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 500,000, a polydispersity of less than about 10, and an ADT value of at least about 8. The grafted polyolefin can be defined as containing more than about 1.2% by weight of grafted monomer on a polyolefin, or as containing at least about 13 moles of graftable monomers per mole of polyolefin, or as having an asphaltene dispersancy test (ADT) value of at least about 8. Also described is a lubricating oil comprising a lubricant base oil and a grafted polyolefin as described above. Also described is a method of making a dispersant viscosity index improver.

Abstract: A mobile fluid dispenser is provided for dispensing fluids. The mobile fluid dispenser comprises a body defining a tank, a pump mounted to the body, and wheels mounted to the body. The body comprises a tank. The wheels are configured such that the mobile fluid dispenser can be rolled on flat surfaces without being tipped from an upright position. The pump may be either electrically powered or air powered, and may be reversible to allow the tank to be filled with fluid from a remote supply source. The tank may also be filled through a fill opening formed in the body or through quick coupler.

Abstract: A container for a fuel system additive. The container comprises a sealable first part (1) for storing the fuel system additive and a second part (2) that is capable of opening a flap on a vehicle's fuel tank. the two parts are capable of relative movement which unseals the first part (1) so that the fuel system additive can leave the first part (1) and travel through the second part (2) into a vehicle's fuel tank. the container avoids or reduces spillage of the fuel system additive.

Abstract: An emergency fuel for an internal combustion engine comprises a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100° F. (such as about 65-75% paraffins and about 25-35% naphthenes, or about 75-85% paraffins and about 15-25% of C7 or higher alcohols, or an aromatic solvent, or an naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent) and a cold starting additive. The cold starting additive may be provided in an amount of less than 5,000 ppm, preferably between about 1 ppm and 150 ppm. The cold starting additive is preferably selected from peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds, cetane improvers, or combinations of these compounds. When the emergency fuel is added to a cold engine, including one substantially at room temperature, the engine may be easily started.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for making graft copolymers. The methods comprise the steps of: (a) providing (i) an ethylene/propylene (EP) copolymer or other graftable polymer, (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated sulfur-, nitrogen- and/or oxygen-containing monomer, and (iii) an amount of an initiator sufficient to graft said monomer and EP copolymer or other graftable polymer, (b) introducing said EP copolymer or other graftable polymer into an extruder; (c) introducing said monomer into the extruder; (d) introducing said initiator into the extruder, wherein at least one of the above-identified reactants in (a) is introduced in the presence of a polar solvent; and (e) reacting said EP copolymer or other graftable polymer, monomer and initiator by operating said extruder, thereby forming the graft copolymer. This invention also relates to methods of making a dispersant viscosity index improver and methods for making a lubricating oil.

Abstract: Methods for making graft copolymers include (a) providing (i) an ethylene/propylene 9EP) copolymer or other graftable polymer, (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated sulfur-, nitrogen- and/or oxygen-containing monomer, and (iii) an amount of an initiator sufficient to graft said monomer and EP copolymer or other graftable polymer, (b) introducing the EP copolymer or other graftable polymer into an extruder, (c) introducing the monomer into the extruder, (d) introducing the initiator into the extruder, wherein at least one of the reactants employed in step (a) is introduced in the presence of a polar solvent, and (e) reacting the EP copolymer or other graftable polymer, monomer and initiator by operating the extruder, thereby forming the graft copolymer. Methods of making dispersant viscosity index improver and methods for making a lubricating oil, as well as graft copolymers, viscosity index improvers and lubricating oils made by such methods are also contemplated.

Abstract: A grafted polyolefin containing one or more of N-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylpyridine, or other ethylenically-unsaturated nitrogen-containing or oxygen-containing graftable monomers grafted to a polyolefin copolymer is disclosed. The grafted polyolefin preferably has a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 500,000, a polydispersity of less than about 10, and an ADT value of at least about 8. The grafted polyolefin can be defined as containing more than about 1.2% by weight of grafted monomer on a polyolefin, or as containing at least about 13 moles of graftable monomers per mole of polyolefin, or as having an asphaltene dispersancy test (ADT) value of at least about 8. Also described is a lubricating oil comprising a lubricant base oil and a grafted polyolefin as described above. Also described is a method of making a dispersant viscosity index improver.

Abstract: A two-stroke motorcycle lubricant comprising a base oil having a viscosity at 100° C. of less than 8 cSt and a pour point below −30° C., preferably below −39° C. The two-stroke motorcycle lubricant further comprises a detergent system based on an ashless, oil-soluble amine. The two-stroke motorcycle lubricant exhibits high levels of cleanliness and low levels of exhaust smoke, whilst maintaining high load carrying capacity. The two-stroke motorcycle lubricant may be dyed.

Abstract: Container pouring devices and methods for liquids. The preferred pouring devices have a first body part which carries a first rear portion and a second front portion, and a second body part which carries a retainer for retaining the device in association with the container, and a biasing member. The device has a first non-pouring position in which the second portion is in sealing engagement with the container, and a second, pouring, position, so that depression of the first portion causes at least part of the second portion to move from the first non-pouring position to the second pouring position, and cessation of depression of the first portion causes the biasing member to urge the first and second portions to readopt the first non-pouring position. Contents may therefore be poured from the container by holding the container with only one hand when the container is in the first, non-pouring, position.

Abstract: An open gear lubricant has a lubricant base comprising a major amount of a vegetable oil and a minor amount of a solid inorganic lubricant, thickened with a bidegradable organoclay gellant.

Abstract: Soot in a lubricated diesel engine is effectively dispersed without adversely affecting the viscosity of the lubricant by using a particular lubricant. The lubricant utilized comprises a lubricant base stock (e.g. more than 75% by weight), a dispersant (e.g. from 0.2-less than 4% from a detergent inhibitor (D1) package), and a functionalized viscosity index improver (e.g. from 0.1-2.5% by solids weight). The functionalized viscosity index improver is a highly functionalized graft copolymer reaction product of an oxygen, a nitrogen, or an oxygen and nitrogen containing, ethylenically unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic monomer having from 2 to about 50 carbon atoms grafted onto a polyolefin copolymer. Also, 0-2.5% by solids weight of another viscosity index improver besides the highly functionalized graft copolymer reaction product may be added, as well as other conventional additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cleaning compositions that are suitable for removing dirt, grease and oils from the hands, or other skin surfaces, without the need for additional water, or other solvent. Additionally, the cleaning compositions of this invention allow for cleaning without the need for subsequent rinsing or subsequent drying, by towel or other means. This invention also relates to methods of cleaning hands, or other skin surfaces, using the cleaning compositions of this invention.