Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds comprising ester groups having at least three ester functions, to processes for the production thereof, and to the use of the products.Compounds having at least three functional ester groups of the general formula: ##STR1## are described, wherein the abbreviations have the following meanings: X=--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.dbd.CH--,Y=bivalent, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon residue optionally substituted,Z=optionally substituted acyl residue --CO--RR.sub.1 =the residue of an alcohol, or a group from an alkylene-oxide-adduct taking the alcohol function in the ester grouping.n=1 to 3 andm=1 to 3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to amphoteric water soluble polymers which containa) 90 to 30%-wt acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acidb) 10 to 60%-wt of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for hydrogen or the methyl radical, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which are the same or different, stand for the methyl or ethyl radical, and an optionally branched alkaline radical with 1 to 5 C atoms stands for Xand optionally, up to 50%-wt of acrylamidomethylpropane sulfonic acid and up to 10%-wt of a further ethylenically unsaturated compound, the molecular weight of these polymers, measured at a pH value of 8.0, being smaller than 100,000. The present invention also relates to the process for producing these polymers, and their use as grinding or dispersing agents for the production of highly concentrated aqueous pigment suspensions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of sulphonamide derivatives for the treatment of diseases caused by viruses, especially caused by enclosed viruses such as, e.g., herpes simplex, as well as to an antiviral agent having a content of these sulphonamide derivatives as active substance, optionally together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or auxiliaries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to improve the organoleptic behavior and the physical characteristics of leather by the use of aqueous solutions of copolymers of 90 to 20%-wt acrylic acid or methyacrylic acid, as well as 10 to 80%-wt of a monomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which are equal or different, are methyl or ethyl; x stands for an optionally branched alkylene radical with 1 to 5 carbon atoms; the amine nitrogen is optionally neutralized or quaternized; and the molecular weight of the copolymer, measured at a pH of 8.0, is less than 100,000. The concentration of the copolymer in the aqueous solution is 0.02 to 10%-wt, relative to the shaved weight of the leather.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of derivatives of natural fats and oils that is characterized in that fats that are solid at room temperature or which contain solid fractions, mixtures of these with free fatty acids, mono- and/or diglycerides are oxyalkylated at elevated temperatures in the presence of basic catalysts having at least one 1,2-epoxide and the conversion products so obtained, optionally, after epoxidation are sulphonated in a manner known per se. The products are particularly suitable for use as leather dubbing agents.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of preparing homopolymers or copolymers that are water-soluble or swell up in water and have a low residual monomer content by treating them with at least one compound that can react with the monomer's double bond.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of concentrated, water-soluble or water swellable emulsion polymers by the polymerization of at least one water-soluble monomer in a water-in-oil dispersion by means of polymerization initiators, preferably in presence of bi- or multi-function vinyl- or allyl compounds in which a water-in-oil dispersion of the starting monomers is polymerized while being stirred so that the heat of polymeriaation is eliminated by distillation removal of the water contained in the reaction mixture. The polymerisation temperature is preferably adjusted and controlled by means of the pressure in the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of derivatives of natural fats and oils that is characterized in that the fats that are solid at room temperature or which contain solid fractions, mixtures of these with free fatty acids, mono- and/or diglycerides are oxyalkylated at elevated temperatures in the presence of basic catalysts having at least one 1,2-epoxide and the conversion products so obtained, optionally, after epoxidization are sulphonated in a manner known per se. The products are particularly suitable for use as leather dubbing agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for the continuous production of polymers and copolymers of water-soluble monomers particularly acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, optionally with additional comonomers, by the polymerization of an aqueous monomer solution that is introduced into the trough that is formed by an endless conveyor belt. The trough-like shape of the conveyor belt changes continuously into an extended flat profile during the polymerization process; starting from the side edges and working towards the center of the trough formed by the conveyor belt, the resulting polymer gel strand is released continuously during the transition of the curved trough-like shape of the conveyor belt into the extended, flat form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the continuous production of polymers and copolymers of water-soluble monomers particularly arcylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, optionally with additional comonomers, by the polymerization of an aqueous monomer solution that is introduced into the trough that is formed by an endless conveyor belt. The trough-like shape of the conveyor belt changes continuously into an extended flat profile during the polymerization process; starting from the side edges and working towards the center of the trough formed by the conveyor belt, the resulting polymer gel strand is released continuously during the transition of the curved trough-like shape of the conveyor belt into the extended, flat form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to improve the organoleptic behaviour and the physical characteristics of leather by the use of aqueous solutions of copolymers of 90 to 20%-wt acrylic acid or methyacrylic acid, as well as 10 to 80%-wt of a monomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which are equal or different, are methyl or ethyl; x stands for an optionally branched alkylene radical with 1 to 5 carbon atoms; the amine nitrogen is optionally neutralized or quaternized; and the molecular weight of the copolymer, measured at a pH of 8.0, is less than 100,000. The concentration of the copolymer in the aqueous solution is 0.02 to 10%-wt, relative to the shaved weight of the leather.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the rapid dissolution of water-soluble polymers in water, in that water in a finely divided state is introduced under pressure into the prepared finely divided polymer. The water-soluble polymer can be in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion or the form of a powder-in-oil suspension; the water is preferably introduced under pressure through a nozzle and tangentially to the surface of the prepared polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of textiles that are coated with polyurethane, in which the material that is to be coated is coated with two oppositely charged aqueous ionic dispersions of polyurethanes that contain no free isocyanate groups and contain covalently bonded, solubility-enhancing ionic groups, dried and optionally waterproofed. Cationic and anionic polyurethane dispersions are preferred in a weight ratio of 1:1, and are applied to the textile material in a two-coat technique, wet-on-wet. In addition, the invention relates to textile material produced in this way, with improved waterproof qualities and the use of such textiles for the production of breathable, water- and wind resistant clothing, industrial textiles, and leather substitutes, all of which are permeable to water vapour.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of water-soluble synthetic anionic polymers consisting of at least 80%-wt acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and sizing media based on partly or totally saponified natural resins as well as the use of such mixtures in the production of paper and cardboard in order to reduce the absorbency and improve the dry strength of these products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of water-soluble synthetic anionic polymers consisting of at least 80%-wt. acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and sizing media based on partly or totally saponified natural resins as well as the use of such mixtures in the production of paper and cardboard in order to reduce the absorbency and improve the dry strength of these products.

Abstract: A flocked, sheet-like article which includes adhesive foam and flock. After the flocking, the article is partially dried and calendered. The sheet-like, textile article obtained in this way is light, air permeable, bi-elastic, and has a matted, flannel-like surface. The article can also be embossed.

Abstract: The invention relates to copolymers of esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with unbranched alcohols that contain at least 16 C atoms, and maleic anhydride, and also the use of these copolymers as crystallization inhibitors in paraffin-bearing crude oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of N-substituted .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid amides, which proceeds from the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid amide that is unsubstituted at the amido nitrogen, which forms the Michael adduct initially by conversion with a polyvalent alcohol having a boiling point of >/=150.degree. C., converts this with a primary or secondary amine with elimination of ammonia to form N-substituted carboxylic acid amide with a protected double bond, the polyvalent alcohol being subsequently eliminated from this product at high temperatures, with formation of the N-substituted .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid amide.

Abstract: A process for the finish dressing of leathers dressed by a mineral or a combined method, by treatment with an aqueous solution of water soluble polymer dressing substances that are polymers of unsaturated monomers that contain sulfonic groups. These polymers contain, if necessary, additional basic units that do not affect the water solubility, these being derived from the comonomers that can be copolymerized with the monomers that contain the sulfonic groups and which do not contain phosphorus.

Abstract: The invention concerns an absorbent for blood and serous body fluids consisting of at least two components, A and B, whereby component A is a crosslinked synthetic or natural polymer or copolymer, and component B is an organic and/or inorganic compound which is water-soluble and solid at normal temperature. The absorbent contains 25 to 98 weight % of component A and 2 to 75 weight % of component B. The invention, moveover, concerns the use of the said absorbent for absorption and/or retention of blood and serous body fluids, in particular in absorbent throwaway articles for surgical, medical and hygienic purposes.