Abstract: The liquid crystal composition includes at least one compound selected from a group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component, has a positive dielectric anisotropy, and has a nematic phase, and a liquid crystal display element containing the composition: wherein R11 and R12 are alkyls having different carbon numbers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase that includes two components, wherein the first component is a specific five-membered ring compound having a large maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy and the second component is a specific compound having a small viscosity, and a liquid crystal display device containing the composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition comprising the compound, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the composition: For example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 20; ring A1, ring A2, ring A3, ring A4, ring A5, and ring A6 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, and Z6 is a single bond; X1 is hydrogen or halogen; l, m, n, o, p, and q are 0 or 1, and l+m+n+o+p+q is 3.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase that includes three components, wherein the first component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (1-1) and (1-2), the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds having a group represented by formula (2), and the third component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (3-1) and (3-2): wherein R1 and R4 are each independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; ring A is independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-pyrimidine; ring B, ring C, ring D and ring F are each independently 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; ring E is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene; Z1 is a single bo

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy that includes two components, wherein the first component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (1-1) and (1-2), and the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (2-1) to (2-3): wherein, for example, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons; X1 and X2 are each fluorine; ring A, ring B, ring C, ring D, ring E, ring F and ring G are each 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; and Z1 is a single bond.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal compound represented by any one of formulas (a-1) to (a-6): in formulas (a-1) to (a-6), Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, provided that in the alkyl, —CH2- may be replaced by —O—, —(CH2)2- may be replaced by —CH?CH—, and hydrogen may be replaced by a halogen; ring A1 and ring A2 are each independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, provided that in these rings hydrogen may be replaced by a halogen, and in the case where the ring is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, —CH2- may be replaced by —O—, and —CH2CH— may be replaced by —CH?C—; and Z1 and Z2 are each independently a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH2-, —CH2O— or —CH2CH2-, provided that in formula (a-3), in the case where ring A2 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, Z2 is a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH2- or —CH2O—, in the case where Ra is —C3H7, Rb is —OC2H5, and Z2 is a single bond, ring A2 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-fl

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound is provided that has excellent characteristics, such as a negatively large dielectric anisotropy. A liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing the composition are also provided. A compound having the three factors, i.e., (1) a tetrahydropyran ring, (2) —CH2O— or —OCH2— and (3) exhibits excellent characteristics including a negatively large dielectric anisotropy. The use of the compound having the characteristics provides an excellent liquid crystal composition and an excellent liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition is provided that satisfies at least one characteristic among the characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or is properly balanced regarding at least two characteristics. An AM device is provided that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. The liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound having especially negatively large dielectric anisotropy as the first component,a specific bicyclic compound having a small viscosity as the second component, a specific compound having a high maximum temperature as the third component, a specific compound having a negatively large dielectric anisotropy, a low minimum temperature as the fourth component.

Abstract: An aldehyde derivative represented by the general formula (2) is reacted with ketene in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to produce a novel 2-oxetanone derivative (1), which is then purified to a 2-oxetanone derivative having a high trans-isomer purity, and then converted to a vinyl derivative (3) through decarboxylation reaction.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal composition which satisfies at least one of properties including a high upper-limit temperature for the nematic phase, low lower-limit temperature for the nematic phase, low viscosity, high optical anisotropy, negatively high permittivity anisotropy, high specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet, and high stability to heat or has a proper balance between at least two of those properties. The liquid-crystal composition comprises a first ingredient comprising at least one compound selected among compounds represented by the formulae (1-1) and (1-2) and a second ingredient comprising at least one compound selected among compounds represented by the formula (2) and has negative permittivity anisotropy. For example, R1, R2, R3, and R4 each is C1-12 alkyl; Z1, Z2, and Z3 each is a single bond or —(CH2)2—; and ring A is 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition with a negative dielectric anisotropy includes at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by the following formula (1) as a first component, and at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by the following formulas (2-1) to (2-3) and (3-1) to (3-4) as a second component.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal composition that satisfies many characteristics among the characteristics such as a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a negatively large dielectric anisotropy, and a large specific resistance, and a liquid crystal display device containing the composition. The liquid crystal composition has a negative dielectric anisotropy and contains a first component containing a mono-fluorine-replaced liquid crystal compound having a specific structure and a second component containing a liquid crystal compound having two or more fluorines having a specific structure, and the liquid crystal display device contains the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: Such a liquid crystal compound is provided that has stability to heat, light and so forth, has a nematic phase in a wide temperature range, has a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, and suitable elastic constants K33 and K11 (K33: bend elastic constant, K11: splay elastic constant), and has suitable negative dielectric anisotropy and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. A liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing the liquid crystal composition are also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase comprising two components, wherein the first component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1), and the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2), and the third component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (3): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; ring A and ring B are each independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene; 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; and X1, X2, X3 and X4 are each independently hydrogen or fluorine.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy that includes two components, wherein the first component is a specific two-ring compound having phenylene, two hydrogens of which are replaced by fluorine, and the second component is a specific four-ring compound having phenylene, one hydrogen of which is replaced by fluorine, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one characteristic among the characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity or a small rotation viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light, a high stability to heat and so forth, and provide an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer satisfying at least two characteristics among the characteristics such that it has orientation of homeotropic and so forth; it has an orientation having no (or less) defects; it has a large optical anisotropy; it is tightly adhered to a supporting plate; it has a sufficient hardness; it is colorless and transparent; it has a large heat resistance; it has a large weatherability; and so forth and to a composition which is the precursor. The composition contains the following the compound (1), (2) and (3). In the above formulas, R is hydrogen or methyl, L is hydrogen, fluorine and so forth, A is 1,4-phenylene and so forth, X is trifluoromethyl and so forth, Y is hydrogen or fluorine, Z is —COO— and so forth, and n is an integer of 1 to 10.

Abstract: Provided is a production method and a production apparatus using a method for producing a solid product by a reaction of gaseous raw materials with a plurality of components including a step of conducting the reaction using a reactor disposed in a vertical direction; a step of feeding the gaseous raw materials with a plurality of components from the upper part of the reactor; a step of, in the lower part of the reactor, forming a seal gas layer composed of a gas having a high density and fed continuously from the lower part of the reactor; a step of discharging an exhaust gas containing a by-product gas generated by the reaction and unreacted gaseous raw materials from somewhere in the upper part of the formed seal gas layer; and a step of accommodating a solid product in the seal gas layer of the lower part.

Abstract: The invention provides spherical sulfated cellulose which has a high sulfur content and which is excellent for adsorbing proteins, a production process for the same, a protein adsorbing agent containing the above spherical sulfated cellulose and a chromatography apparatus using the same for a filler. More specifically, the invention provides a process for producing spherical sulfated cellulose comprising a step in which spherical cellulose is subjected to at least one sulfate esterification treatment with a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide and sulfuric anhydride.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy that includes three components, wherein the first component is a specific four-ring compound having phenylene, one hydrogen of which is replaced by fluorine, the second component is a specific compound having phenylene, two hydrogens of which are replaced by fluorine or chlorine, and the third component is a specific compound having two cyclohexylene rings, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.