Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the manufacture of 4-acetoxy-3-hydroxyethyl-azetidinone of the formula ##STR1## especially 4(R)-acetoxy-3(R)-(1'(R)-hydroxyethyl)-2-azetidinone, from enantiomerically pure compounds of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 represents lower alkyl and Z.sup.1 represents amino, arylmethylamino, acylamino or azido, by reduction of the C.dbd.C double bond and optionally of the arylmethylamino or azido group with hydrogen, epimerization, opening of the lactone ring, cyclisation to the .beta.-lactam, optionally after hydrolysis of the acylamino group, and oxidative decarboxylation of the original lactone carboxy group in the presence of an acetate-yielding agent. Compounds of the formula I can be used as starting materials for the manufacture of .beta.-lactam antibiotics. The invention also relates to novel intermediates and starting materials.

Abstract: 1-Acylpiperidine compound of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is an optionally substituted aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, aralkanoyl, heteroarylalkanoyl, aralkoxycarbonyl or arylcarbamoyl radical or the acyl radical of an .alpha.-amino acid which is optionally N-substituted by lower alkanoyl or carbamoyl-lower-alkanoyl, R.sub.2 is cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl radical, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, carbamoyl or an alkanoyl or alkenoyl radical which is optionally substituted by carboxyl or esterified or amidated carboxyl, R.sub.4 is an optionally substituted aryl or optionally partially hydrogenated heteroaryl radical, X.sub.1 is methylene, ethylene, a direct linkage, an optionally ketalised carbonyl group or an optionally etherified hydroxymethylene group, X.sub.2 is alkylene, carbonyl or a direct linkage, and X.sub.

Abstract: Positive photoresist compositions comprising, in an organic solvent, at leasta) one alkali-soluble resin,b) one photosensitive quinone diazide,c) one aromatic hydroxy compound of formula I ##STR1## wherein each R is --H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, --OCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5, --OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 or --COOC.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently of the other H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 or a cycloaliphatic 5- or 6-membered ring, a is an integer from 0 to 4, and m and n are each independently of the other 0, 1 or 2, which compound enhances the photosensitivity and/or the rate of development, and optionallyd) additional customary modifiers,are eminently suitable for making relief structures.

Abstract: Substituted 2-aminoalk-3-enoic acid derivative of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical that is substituted by optionally acylated or aliphatically or araliphatically etherified hydroxy, by halogen, by optionally acylated and/or aliphatically substituted amino or by an aza-, diaza-, azoxa- or oxa-cycloaliphatic radical, or is an oxacycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical bonded via a carbon atom, or is an optionally aliphatically N-substituted or N-acylated azacycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and R.sub.2 is free or esterified carboxy, and their salts exhibit NMDA-antagonistic properties and are useful as active ingredients of anticonvulsive medicaments.

Abstract: An oral sustained release composition for slightly soluble pharmaceutically active agents comprising a core, a wall around said core, and a bore through said wall connecting said core and the environment outside of said wall; wherein said core comprises a slightly soluble active agent, optionally a crystal habit modifier, at least two osmotic driving agents, at least two different (or two different grades of) hydroxyalkyl celluloses, and optionally lubricants, wetting agents, and carriers; said wall being substantially impermeable to said core components and permeable to water and gastro-intestinal fluids. The composition is most especially adapted for administering carbamazepine.

Abstract: N-substituted aminomethanediphosphonic acids of the formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, X, alk.sub.1, R.sub.2 and n are as defined in the description, and salts thereof, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are effective e.g. in the treatment of conditions which can be associated with disorders of the calcium metabolism. They are manufactured in a manner known per se.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions in the form of parenterally, especially intravenously, administrable liposome dispersions or dry preparations, especially lyophilisates, that can be used therefor, comprising the zinc-phthalocyanine complex and synthetic, substantially pure phospholipids.

Abstract: Staurosporin derivatives of the formula I are described, ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy or oxo and R.sub.2 is a radical of the formula II ##STR2## in which the configuration of the sugar moiety is derived from D-glucose, D-galactose or D-mannose, and R.sub.3 -R.sub.7 are as defined below.These compounds have a pronounced and selective inhibitory action on the enzyme proteinkinase C and have, inter alia, an antitumor action.

Abstract: An inhaler for introducing a metered amount of solids, for example pharmaceutically active powders, into a stream of air drawn in by a user comprises a storage chamber into which a metering rod extends. The metering rod is provided with a metering recess which fixes the amount of solids to be mixed with the air stream. The storage chamber and the metering rod are movable relative to each other in such a manner that in a first relative position of the metering rod and the storage chamber the metering recess of the metering rod is located in the storage chamber, where it is filled with solids, and in a second relative position it is located in the air channel, where the solids are mixed with the air stream. The axial relative movement can be brought about by the rotation of two housing parts over sloping surfaces.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I or V or mixtures thereof ##STR1## whereinR is unsubstituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryl which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylthio, phenyl, benzyl, --CN, --CF.sub.3, halogen or --COOR.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylphenyl, benzyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylbenzyl, and at least one of the substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is --F, --Cl or --Br, or is independently the group RO--, and the other substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are H, --F, --Cl or --Br, are reversible photochromic systems which can be used for contrast formation, light absorption or for the reversible optical storage of information.

Abstract: Acrylate copolymers which contain groups are reacted with a 2-hydroxphenylbenzotriazole which contains a carboxyl group. A permanent light stabilization of the acrylate copolymers is thereby achieved. The modified acrylate resins so obtained are particularly suitable for use as binders for coating materials.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: ##STR1## in which R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are as defined in claim 1, are suitable as corrosion inhibitors in surface coatings for metals.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which either R is methyl and there is a double bond in the 9,10-position, or in which R is hydrogen and there is a single bond in the 9,10-position, are highly active against Acarina which damage plants.

Abstract: Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) succinate and glutarate are very effective light stabilizers for thermoplastics, particularly for polyolefins.

Abstract: 2-(stilbyl-4")-(naphtho-1',2':4,5)-1,2,3-triazole-2"-sulfonic acid is obtained by diazotizing p-aminostilbene sulfonic acid, coupling the resulting diazonium salt with Tobias acid and then oxidizing the resulting monoazo sodium salt to close the ring and form the naphthotriazolyl moiety, and, more particularly, by performing the ring-closure oxidation step in a solution of the monoazo compound in a mixture of 2-butoxyethanol and water with pressurized air by contacting said solution in the presence of a copper salt catalyst at temperatures in the range 105.degree.-160.degree. C. and at pressures in the range 10-80 psig, for a time sufficient to effect ring-closure.

Abstract: Concentrated dye solutions of the formula (1) shown in claim 1 are described.The dye solutions are notable for a long shelf life and are suitable in particular for dyeing paper.

Abstract: N-Pyridinylsulfonyl-N'-pyrimidinylureas and N-pyridinylsulfonyl-N'-triazinylureas of the formula ##STR1## wherein E is nitrogen or the methine bridge,Z is oxygen or sulfur,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 dialkoxyalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or --NR.sup.12 R.sup.13,G is a ##STR2## R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl carbonyl or --COOR.sup.14,R.sup.3 is a ##STR3## group, n is 0, 1 or 2,R.sup.8 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, nitro, --COOR.sup.14, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, --O--CR.sup.15 R.sup.16 --COOR.sup.14 or --O--CR.sup.15 R.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dyeing or printing natural or synthetic polyamide fiber materials which comprises dyeing or printing these fiber materials with reactive dyes of the formula ##STR1## where each M is a cation, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently of each other hydrogen or C.sub.1 -alkyl, and X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are independently of each other .alpha.,.beta.-dibromopropionyl, .alpha.-bromoacryloyl, chloroacetyl or a mono-, di- or trihalopyrimidinyl radical.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy or by hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl that is substituted by carbonyl, O-alkylcarboxy, amino or by a heterocycle, unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl or unsubstituted cyclopropylmethyl, unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 alkenyl, unsubstituted or halo-substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 alkynyl, benzyl that is unsubstituted or mono-, di-or tri-substituted in the nucleus by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, halogen, nitro, cyano or by trifluoromethyl, or is the radical R.sub.2 --(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --)n wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and n is a number from 1 to 3, as active ingredients for controlling nematodes that parasitise plants and for preventing damage to cultivated plants caused by nematode attack.

Abstract: Novel substituted N-benzoyl-N'-2,4-difluoro-3,5-dihalophenylureas of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or fluorine; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or methoxy; R.sub.2 is fluorine, chlorine or methoxy; R.sub.3 is bromine and R.sub.4 is chlorine or bromine; or R.sub.3 is chlorine and R.sub.4 is bromine, processes and intermediates for their preparation, their use in pest control, and pesticides that contain a compound of formula I as active ingredient, are disclosed. The preferred field of application is the control of pests on animals and plants.