Abstract: A driven, deflection-controlled cylinder includes a stationary crosshead that is surrounded by a hollow cylinder. The hollow cylinder has a projection that includes a bushing-like part which encloses the narrow end of the crosshead with a slight radial distance therebetween. A bearing is arranged on the bushing-like part, which is supported in the axially outer part of a bearing bell that is arranged on the outer end of the crosshead. A gear wheel is arranged between the bearing bell and the end of the hollow cylinder, and it engages with a drive pinion in a drive housing. The drive housing is mounted on the side of the projection adjacent to the hollow cylinder, as well as on the outside of the axially outer part of the bearing bell that is opposite the drive pinion.

Abstract: A sealing arrangement for a roll having a rotationally stationary crosshead extending through a rotatable hollow cylinder which forms an outer working circumference, includes longitudinal and transverse end seals disposed against the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder. The seals form at least one longitudinal chamber in the annular clearance space between the crosshead and hollow cylinder. The longitudinal chamber may be filled with pressure liquid for supporting the hollow cylinder. Each longitudinal seal in the form of a seal strip having a substantially L-shaped transverse cross-section with the shorter leg thereof directed against the inner circumferential surface of the hollow cylinder. The shorter leg includes a contact pressure relief surface facing the inner circumferential surface and spaced therefrom.

Abstract: A roll with a revolving hollow cylinder which forms the working roll circumference, and a stationary crosshead penetrating said hollow cylinder lengthwise and leaving clearance all around to the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder in which the hollow cylinder can shift radially as a whole, e.g., can drop under its own weight on to the top side of the crosshead. A damping element is provided to damp this sinking movement before contact is made. It features a piston which plunges into a cylinder filled with hydraulic fluid and initially open to the top. During the plunging action, the hydraulic fluid is displaced out of the cylinder and flows away, in a throttled state, between the piston and the cylinder and/or through especially provided choke bores, so that the damping effect is attained.

Abstract: In a hydraulically supported roll including a rotatable hollow cylinder and a stationary crosshead, transverse end seals are provided to seal the annular clearance space formed between the crosshead and the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder. Each transverse end seal includes a slide ring having a chamber located on the first surface of the slide ring abutting a counter-ring. The chamber provides hydraulic relief. Radially outside of the chamber a narrow groove is provided which communicates with the low-pressure side of the slide ring via a channel. The channel discharges hydraulic fluid flowing to the first surface of the slide ring as a result of the high pressure in the clearance space.

Abstract: In a double-band or similar press the pressure on the mat that is being fed in is increased so rapidly as soon as this mat comes into contact with the heat-transfer surfaces that the outer areas of the mat harden under the great pressure, whereas the heat has still not penetrated into the interior of the mat. This results in an enhancement of the surface quality of the panel. As an example, to this end, a roller gap can be provided before the feed gap.

Abstract: In a double-belt press for the manufacture of wood chip boards and the like having a width less than the nominal working width of the double-belt press, the forming belts are held in contact with the support structure so as to ensure heat transfer in the edge portion of the pressing zone extending beyond the edge of the filling which produces the boards to the region near the edge of the pressing zone. In this edge portion, an edge filling composed of unbonded particles is compressed on a compressible rotating belt.

Abstract: A hydraulically supported roll includes a stationary crosshead extending through a rotatable hollow roll, which is heated at its inner and outer circumferences. A thermostatic control and regulating device is provided to keep the temperatures at the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the hollow roll at the same level during the heatin-up and/or cooling-down phase.

Abstract: A hydrostatically supported roll includes a stationary crosshead, which extends through a rotatable hollow cylinder to form a surrounding clearance space therewith. Annular sealing elements are radially movable in bores provided in the crosshead to sealingly abut the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder. The sealing elements are arranged in diametrically opposing pairs, i.e., they are offset by 180.degree. in the circumferential direction of the roll at the same longitudinal position along the roll. The entire clearance space surrounding the sealing elements is filled with hydraulic fluid at a predetermined pressure, except for the areas in which the sealing elements are present.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a treatment fluid, such as dye, onto an advancing web of material has a run-off surface sloping down toward the web that extends above and over the width of the web. The dye flows onto the web from the lower edge of the run-off surface. The dye is applied onto an upper zone of the run-off surface from individual nozzles, which are a constituent part of nozzle combs that are pivotable about a transverse axis between a first position disposed above the run-off surface and a second position over a run-off gutter.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a treatment fluid on a web of material includes a run-off surface extending transversely over a web to be treated. The run-off surface slopes down obliquely onto the web and has an upper portion upon which treatment fluid applied thereto flows down over the run-off surface onto the web via the lower edge thereof. A flow homogenizing baffle is provided on the run-off surface. The baffle is formed from closely spaced deflection elements that even out any irregularities that exist in the fluid film flowing over the upper portion of the run-off surface.

Abstract: In a roll apparatus formed by a top roll and a hydraulically supported bottom roll, which together form a roll nip, additional piston/cylinder units that can lift the hollow cylinder near its working position closing the roll nip are provided at least at the ends of the hydraulically supported bottom roll. Due to the geometric arrangement employed, this lifting function is operative only up to a predetermined position of the hollow cylinder relative to its crosshead, which is selected to be at a short distance before closure of the roll nip. The pressure in the piston/cylinder unit degenerates whenever the piston of the additional piston/cylinder unit is forced out of sealing contact with its respective cylinder when the predetermined position is reached.

Abstract: A process for producing a smooth and glossy surface on a paper web and a calender arrangement for carrying out the process are disclosed. The calender arrangement comprises two sets of rolls through which the paper web is conducted in succession. Each set of rolls comprises a highly heated hard roll and a soft roll. A cooling device arranged upstream of at least one of the nips formed between the roll sets restricts the amount of heat transfer to the inner layers of the paper web and the attendant, undesirable partial plasticization of the inner layers of the web.

Abstract: A temperature measuring arrangement for a revolving roll which includes a contactless temperature sensor by means of which the temperature of an annular peripheral zone of the roll situated outside the operating zone of the roll is measured contactlessly. Upon detection of a deviation from a given temperature or given time response of the temperature, a contact temperature sensor which is active only briefly is, by means of a control unit, brought into abutment, using a movement drive, at a point inside the operating zone of the roll.

Abstract: To reduce vibrations occurring in sets of rolls that are immediately successive along the direction of travel of a web conducted through the nips formed between the roll sets, a process, especially for use in double calendars used to treat paper webs, is disclosed in which the natural frequency of one set of rolls is altered with respect to the natural frequency of the other set of rolls. In this manner, randomly occurring vibrations in the first set of rolls do not produce a resonance excitation of the second set of rolls. A roll apparatus having reduced vibratory tendencies also is disclosed.

Abstract: A jig for the application of treatment liquor on a web of material comprises a reservoir tank formed to receive the total quantity of liquor required for application during at least one treatment pass of the web and an applicator system arranged inside the jig for proportioning the application of liquor onto the web, with the reservoir tank supplying the applicator system with treatment liquor.

Abstract: A flexure-controllable roll includes a stationary crosshead extending through a hollow cylinder, which is rotatable about the crosshead and supported by hydrostatic supporting elements that are radially displaceable by at least one piston/cylinder unit associated with each supporting element. Hydraulic fluid flows from the cylinder chamber of each piston/cylinder unit via choke bores into supply pockets formed in the contact surface of each supporting element. An additional piston/cylinder unit is provided on the rear side of the supporting element for exerting additional forces directed either toward the supporting element to press it against the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder or away from the supporting element to pull it away from the inner circumference.

Abstract: A continuous process for treating a web of material by the wet-in-wet application of two serially arranged treatment baths includes the steps of: applying a first treatment bath to the web; squeezing off excess moisture from the web to a specified moisture content; applying a second treatment bath to the web while it is still wet from the first treatment bath such that the web is in contact with a quantity of the second bath that is no greater than that quantity that can be continually absorbed by the web; replenishing the second treatment bath; and reducing the moisture content of the web to a specified moisture content immediately after application of the second treatment bath.

Abstract: In a hydraulically supported roll including a rotatable hollow cylinder and a stationary crosshead, transverse end seals are provided to seal a longitudinal chamber formed in the clearance space between the crosshead and the hollow cylinder. Each transverse end seal includes a roller bearing having a first bearing ring rotatable with the hollow cylinder and a second bearing ring mounted on the crosshead. The first bearing ring includes a first surface, which along with a second surface formed on a ring secured to the crosshead, defines a clearance gap. The gap has a width of less than 0.1 mm. The first bearing ring seals the longitudinal chamber at the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder and the first and second gap defining surfaces are located on parts that are axially restrained with respect to the crosshead.

Abstract: A roll arrangement comprises a hydraulically supported bottom roller having rotating hollow cylinder and a stationary crosshead extending lengthwise through the cylinder to form a clearance space therewith. The end of the crosshead are supported by force exerting devices. The forces producing the line pressure of the roll are transferred through a hydraulic supporting device, such as hydraulic fluid contained within a longitudinal pressure chamber in the crosshead, to the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder. When a quick release action is desired to separate the bottom roller from its counterroll, the pressure in the longitudinal chamber is suddenly lowered by opening a quick release valve connected to a return tank. A corresponding reduction of the pressure in the force exerting devices to permit separation of the rollers occurs only after a sensor, such as a dynamometer, has determined that the load on the crosshead has been substantially removed.

Abstract: In a roll having a hollow roll through which a stationary cross piece extends, a bearing housing is provided for a bearing which engages an axial extension of the hollow roll. The extension has a smaller outer diameter than the outer diameter of the hollow roll. The bearing is located in the bearing housing between the outside circumference of the extension and the inside circumference of the bearing housing. The bearing housing has lubricant feed and discharge passages separate from means for hydraulically supporting the hollow roll. The bearing housing has a bore which fits over the end of the cross piece without play thereby forming a support distance.