Abstract: Multilayered metal oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic substrate having a coating of metal oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: A three dimensional substrate, with shielded surfaces, having metal oxide-containing coatings is disclosed. The coated substrates are produced by a process comprising contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a powder metal oxide precursor formed reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a liquid soluble metal oxide precursor formed reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions maintained by an RF induction plasma thermal source, to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a precipated metal oxide precursor formed liquid slurry reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions maintained by a flame combustion source to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive and an expander component associated with the negative plate that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive associated with a plate that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A recombinant battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having an additive associated with the separator that improves the overall efficiency of the lead acid battery.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive having a plurality of chemically different functional groups and an expander component associated with the negative plate that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive associated with a plate that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive having a plurality of chemically different functional groups, associated with the separator that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A recombinant battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having an additive associated with the separator that improves the overall efficiency of the lead acid battery.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having an organic polymer having phosphonic functionality in the negative plate to improve capacity maintenance.