Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersant for aqueous and non-aqueous systems which can disperse insoluble fine powders in aqueous and non-aqueous liquids in a short period of time and give long-term dispersion stability to the resulting dispersions. The dispersant is a compound of the formula wherein CY is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monocyclic compounds having one double bond and aliphatic polycyclic compounds with or without one double bond, or with or without bridge carbons; (n+x+y+z)>1; and R?—H, —SO3M, —CO2M, —PO3M, —OCR? wherein M=H, or Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, NH4, NH(R1)2, NH2R1, N(R1)3 where R1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl; and R??C2-C22 alkyl or alkenyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates as surfactants in emulsion polymerization. The present invention further relates to the use of both anionic and nonionic Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates in emulsion polymerization. Latexes with small average particle and narrow particle size distributions are obtained. Prepared latexes also have low coagulum levels and exhibit excellent mechanical and chemical stability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersant for aqueous and non-aqueous systems which can disperse insoluble fine powders in aqueous and non-aqueous liquids in a short period of time and give long-term dispersion stability to the resulting dispersions. The dispersant is a compound of the formula wherein CY is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monocyclic compounds having one double bond and aliphatic polycyclic compounds with or without one double bond, or with or without bridge carbons; (n+x+y+z)>1; and R?—H, —SO3M, —CO2M, —PO3M, —OCR? wherein M=H, or Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, NH4, NH(R1)2, NH2R1, N(R1)3 where R1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl; and R??C2-C22 alkyl or alkenyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersant for aqueous and non-aqueous systems which can disperse insoluble fine powders in aqueous and non-aqueous liquids in a short period of time and give long-term dispersion stability to the resulting dispersions. The dispersant is a compound of the formula wherein CY is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monocyclic compounds having one double bond and aliphatic polycyclic compounds with or without one double bond, or with or without bridge carbons; (n+x+y+z)>1; and R=—H, —SO3M, —CO2M, —PO3M, —OCR? wherein M=H, or Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, NH4, NH(R1)2, NH2R1, N(R1)3 where R1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl; and R?=C2-C22 alkyl or alkenyl.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbons are gelled by the introduction of a phosphate ester and a crosslinking agent for use in oil recovery. Generally a proppant, delayed gel breaker and other modifiers are added to the gelled hydrocarbon to improve the oil recovery process. The phosphate ester used in this method and composition for oil recovery has low volatility and good stability during hydrocarbon distillation resulting in improved distillation efficiency in a refinery.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbons are gelled by the introduction of a phosphate ester and a crosslinking agent for use in oil recovery. Generally a proppant, delayed gel breaker and other modifiers are added to the gelled hydrocarbon to improve the oil recovery process. The phosphate ester used in this method and composition for oil recovery has low volatility and good stability during hydrocarbon distillation resulting in improved distillation efficiency in a refinery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersant for aqueous and non-aqueous systems which can disperse insoluble fine powders in non-aqueous liquids in a short period of time and give long-term dispersion stability to the resulting dispersions without allowing the formation of hard cake or precipitates. The dispersant is a compound of the formula wherein SO is styrene oxide; R is a C8-C22 saturated or unsaturated group; x=0-100; y=1-3; z=0-100 and s=0-100. The dispersant of the invention is also particularly effective for dispersing additives into polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyethylene and polypropylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersant for aqueous and non-aqueous systems which can disperse insoluble fine powders in non-aqueous liquids in a short period of time and give long-term dispersion stability to the resulting dispersions without allowing the formation of hard cake or precipitates. The dispersant is a compound of the formula wherein SO is styrene oxide; R is a C8–C22 saturated or unsaturated group; x=1–100; y=1–3; z=1–100 and s=1–100. The dispersant of the invention is also particularly effective for dispersing additives into polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyethylene and polypropylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides sulfated and carboxymethylated surfactants and dispersants produced by reacting a styrenated phenol alkoxylate with sulfamic acid and then neutralizing with a base such as ammonium hydroxide. The instant invention also provides pigment dispersion comprising: (a) a pigment; and (b) a dispersant based on sulfated and carboxymethylated styrenated phenol alkoxylates. Carbon black dispersions are also provided containing carbon black and the dispersants of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides biodegradable polyesters based on lower hydroxy acids and hydroxy fatty acids. The resulting polyesters are useful as cosmetic vehicles for sunscreens, skin lotions and by themselves are also useful as milder skin exfoliants.

Abstract: The present invention provides biodegradable polyesters based on lower hydroxy acids and hydroxy fatty acids. The resulting polyesters are useful as cosmetic vehicles for sunscreens, skin lotions and by themselves are also useful as milder skin exfoliants.

Abstract: The present invention provides biodegradable polyesters based on lower hydroxy acids and hydroxy fatty acids. The resulting polyesters are useful as cosmetic vehicles for sunscreens, skin lotions and by themselves are also useful as milder skin exfoliants.

Abstract: The present invention provides water soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected from the group consisting of formula I and II wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and C1-C5 primary, secondary or tertiary lower alkyl group; B is a monovalent or multivalent metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals; and x represents the stoichiometric valence requirement of the molecule. The invention also provides polymers and emulsions derived from the above monomers.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbons are gelled by the introduction of a phosphate ester and a crosslinking agent. Gelling times and viscosities are improved through the use of an enhancer which is, preferably, an oxyalkylated amine or a blend of an oxyalkylated amine with another amine or a non-nitrogen-containing component. Preferred phosphate esters are ether phosphate esters.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for gelling liquid hydrocarbons by the introduction of certain phosphate esters, a crosslinking agent, and an enhancer. The enhancer of the present invention is preferably an oxyalkylated amine or a blend of an oxyalkylated amine with another amine or a non-nitrogen-containing component. Mixed phosphate esters containing an oxyalkylene group are useful in the practice of the invention. Gel-forming compositions for addition to liquid hydrocarbons, as well as methods for forming fracturing fluids, are encompassed. The present compositions and methods are an improvement in the field of hydrocarbon gelling, e.g., in fracturing formations, by providing more rapid gellation and greater viscosities.