Abstract: The present invention relates generally to substantially liquid, chlorine-free, sulfur-bridged phenols useful as antioxidants and more specifically to the preparation of a substantially liquid, chlorine-free, sulfur-bridged, hindered phenol compositions which are effective antioxidant(s) in lubricating oils without causing excessive copper corrosion. The invention also includes lubricating oils containing an antioxidant additive of the present invention, as well as a method of reducing oxidation in the lubricating oil used in a machine such as an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The concentrates comprise specified proportions of diluent oil, an organic sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent, an ashless dispersant, a dimethyl ester of an aliphatic phosphonic acid in which the aliphatic group has an average in the range of about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and a 3-hydrocarbyl-2,5-diketopyrrolidine in which the hydrocarbyl group is an alkyl or alkenyl group having an average in the range of about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms. By using weight ratios of diketopyrrolidine to the dimethyl phosphonate of at least 3:1, the concentrate remains homogeneous at temperatures at least as low as 12.degree. C. When utilized as a top treat in gear oils formulated with conventional GL-4 and GL-5 gear additive packages substantial improvements in limited slip axle performance can be realized.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a spark-ignition fuel; a Mannich detergent; and a polybutene having a molecular weight distribution of 1.4 or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phosphorylated and/or boronated dispersants useful as thermal stability additives in distillate fuels, such as jet or diesel fuel, and fuel compositions containing said dispersants.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions having excellent thermal and oxidative stability, wear control, copper corrosion control and compatibility with seal materials comprising a mineral oil having a) a Viscosity Index of greater than 110 and an aniline point of greater than 110.degree. C. and/or b) a linear+single ring paraffin content of greater than 68 wt %, and at least one polymer selected from olefin (co) polymer(s), polyalkyl (meth) acrylate(s) and mixtures thereof. The lubricating oil compositions are particularly useful as manual transmission and axle lubricants.

Abstract: Polymeric Mannich base condensates useful as fuel and lubricant additives. The polymeric Mannich base additives are the reaction products of poly (alpha-olefin/unsaturated acidic reactants) with Mannich base adducts of alkyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of linear, branched and star-polymers via anionic polymerization of acrylic monomers, linear, branched and star-polymers obtained by the process and lubricating oil compositions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to substantially liquid, chlorine-free, sulfur-bridged phenols useful as antioxidants and more specifically to the preparation of a substantially liquid, chlorine-free, sulfur-bridged, hindered phenol compositions, using 1-propanol as the reaction solvent, which are effective antioxidant(s) in lubricating oils and liquid organic fuels without causing excessive copper corrosion and which exhibit improved elastomer seal compatibility. The invention also includes lubricating oils and liquid organic fuels containing an antioxidant additive of the present invention, as well as a method of reducing oxidation in the lubricating oil or liquid organic fuel used in a machine such as an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A reaction product of at least one C.sub.5 -C.sub.60 carboxylic acid and at least one amine selected from the group consisting of guanidine, aminoguanidine, urea, thioruea and the salts thereof is disclosed as an additive for hydrocarbon fuels. The reaction product is added to a fuel, such as gasoline, at levels of from about 5 pounds of reaction product per thousands barrels of fuel (PTB) to about 100 PTB to increase the lubricity of the fuel and thereby reduce the wear occasioned upon the fuel pump. A composition comprising a hydrocarbon fuel and the reaction product is also disclosed.

Abstract: Automatic transmission fluids are described which contain a dispersant having a nitrogen to phosphorus mass ratio between about 3:1 and about 10:1, and at least one friction modifier. The use of dispersants having a nitrogen to phosphorus mass ratio between about 3:1 and about 10:1 provides automatic transmission fluids which exhibit good anti-shudder properties as well as a higher mid-point torque, a higher static torque in shifting clutch applications and better frictional durability as compared to similar automatic transmission fluids which contain dispersants having a nitrogen to phosphorus mass ratio of less than 3:1.

Abstract: Non-dispersant poly (meth) acrylate copolymers comprising from about 5 to about 15 weight percent butyl methacrylate; from about 70 to about 90 weight percent of a C10-C15 alkyl (meth) acrylate; and from about 5 to about 10 weight percent of a C16-C30 alkyl (meth) acrylate provide excellent low temperature properties to lubricating oils.

Abstract: Multifunctional viscosity index improvers for lubricating oils based on a hydrocarbon polymer holding pendant functional groups containing phenothiazine, and pendant functional groups containing aromatic amine antioxidant.

Abstract: A burner is operated by continuously feeding into its combustion zone while combustion is occurring therein, (a) a middle distillate burner fuel with which has been blended in any sequence or combination a minor combustion improving amount of fuel-soluble manganese polycarbonyl compound(s), and (b) a total amount of air above 100% of the stoichiometric amount required for complete combustion of all fuel being introduced into said zone but which is below 105% of such stoichiometric amount. Preferably at least alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent and fuel-soluble dispersant have also been blended into the fuel being used. The efficiency of operation of blue and yellow burners is thereby improved, and emissions such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide can be reduced as compared to operation of the same burner on the same unadditized base fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of blends of diethanolamine derivatives and biodiesel as an additive for improving lubricity in low sulfur fuels and to fuels and additive concentrates comprising said lubricity additives.

Abstract: The fluids have an oil-soluble boron content of about 0.001 to about 0.1%, an oil-soluble phosphorus content of about 0.005 to about 0.2%, and either no metal additive content or an oil-soluble metal content as one or more metal-containing additives of no more than about 100 ppm. Included in the fluids are: (a) at least 70 wt % of hydrogenated poly-.alpha.-olefin oligomer fluid with a viscosity in the range of 2-6 cSt at 100.degree. C.; (b) 2-20 wt % of acrylic viscosity index improver; (c) 4-25 wt % of oil-soluble dialkyl ester of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.14 .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acid with a pour point of -45.degree. C. or lower; (d) ashless dispersant; (e) friction modifier; and (f) oil-soluble inhibitors. The components are such that the fluid has (i) a KV of at least 6.8 cSt at 100.degree. C., (ii) a BV of 15,000 cP or less at -40.degree. C., (iii) a KV at 100.degree. C. of at least 6.0 cSt after 4 hours and at least 5.0 cSt after 20 hours in the Volkswagen taper roller bearing shear stability test.

Abstract: This invention concerns the utilization of polymeric compounds generated from Mannich base macromonomers as lubricant oil and fuel additives or intermediates to such additives. Requisite macromonomers are generated via Mannich reaction of high molecular weight alkyl phenols and unsaturated amines. Homopolymers of the Mannich base macromonomers or copolymers with activated unsaturated monomers, such as maleic anhydride, are of particular interest as crankcase dispersants. For example, functionalization of Mannich base macromonomer/maleic anhydride copolymers with amines affords effective crankcase dispersants. Such polymeric dispersants are designed to impart superior sludge protection and improved viscometrics to lubricant oils.

Abstract: A clean performing gear oil for use in transmission oils and axle lubricants is provided. The gear oil having a Brookfield Viscosity at -12.degree. C. ranging from about 1,000 to about 150,000 cP, comprises a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. ranging from about 4.0 to about 41.0 cSt. Combined with the base oil is preferably a dispersant pour point depressant and/or a dispersant viscosity index improver. In a further preferred embodiment, the gear oil is essentially devoid of carboxylic-type ashless dispersants (e.g., succinimide dispersants) and Mannich base dispersants, thus realizing a cost saving over conventional gear oils which are used as transmission and axle lubricants. Functionalized polymethylacrylates (PMA) are disclosed as agents that improve the properties of the gear oil and allow for the omission of conventional dispersants.

Abstract: This invention relates to antioxidant compositions comprising (A) at least one secondary diarylamine, (B) at least one sulfurized olefin and/or sulfurized hindered phenol, and (C) at least one oil soluble molybdenum compound. These antioxidant compositions are highly effective at providing oxidative stability to lubricating compositions, especially for highly saturated, low sulfur lubrication base oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the product(s) of the polymerization of specific combinations of acrylic monomers, and optionally vinyl and/or performance enhancing comonomers, in the presence of an anionic initiator to form copolymers having a narrow molecular weight distribution. Additionally, the invention relates to the use of these copolymers as pour point depressants in lubricating oil formulations.

Abstract: Novel terpolymers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of a high molecular weight olefin, such as polybutene or polypropylene, with an unsaturated acid reactant, such as maleic anhydride and a di-or polyunsaturated reactant. The terpolymers are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and are also used to prepared polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels.