Abstract: A system for measuring the value of a parameter, e.g., structural strain, includes an optical waveguide, a laser or equivalent light source for launching coherent light into the waveguide to propagate therein as multi modes, an array of a plurality of spaced apart photodetectors each comprising a light receptor surface and signal output, said array being arranged to have light emitted from said waveguide output portion irradiate said light receptor surfaces, an artificial neural network formed of a plurality of spaced apart neurons, connectors to impose weighted portions of signal outputs from the photodetectors upon the neurons which register the parameter value on a meter or like output device.

Abstract: A systems for measuring the value of a plurality of parameters includes an optical fiber having a core that conducts coherent light along two orthogonal polarization axes at different velocities, e.g.

Abstract: There is provided a tissue cell culture medium for the growth of pathogenic T. Pallidum organisms wherein the virulence of said organisms is maintained over many subculture passages.