Abstract: Binder compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the binder composition can include at least one unsaturated compound having two or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and at least one free radical precursor. At least one of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds can be a pi-bond that is not conjugated with an aromatic moiety and can be capable of free radical addition. The free radical precursor can be present in an amount of about 7 wt % to about 99 wt %, based on the weight of the one or more unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Methods for removing particulates from an aqueous suspension are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the method can include mixing a polyamidoamine-epihalohydrin resin with an aqueous suspension comprising one or more first particulates to produce a treated mixture. An amount of the polyamidoamine-epihalohydrin resin in the treated mixture can be less than 500 g/tonne of the one or more first particulates. The method can also include recovering from the treated mixture a purified water having a reduced concentration of the one or more first particulates relative to the aqueous suspension, a purified first particulate product having a reduced concentration of water relative to the aqueous suspension, or both.

Abstract: Methods for making carbon materials are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the method can include combining one or more polymer precursors with one or more liquids to produce a mixture. The mixture can be an emulsion, dispersion, or a suspension. The liquid can include hexane, pentane, cyclopentane, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, diethyl ether, ethylmethylketone, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, mineral oils, paraffin oils, vegetable derived oils, or any mixture thereof. The method can also include aging the mixture at a temperature and time sufficient for the polymer precursor to react and form polymer gel particles having a volume average particle size (Dv,50) of the polymer particles in gel form greater than or equal to 1 mm. The method can also include heating the polymer gel particles to produce a carbon material.

Abstract: Resin compositions having a reduced solubility and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the resin composition can include a phenolic resin, a latent acid, a catalyst, and a liquid medium. The catalyst can be a base compound and can be present in an amount of about 2 wt % to about 7 wt %, based on the combined weight of the phenolic resin, the latent acid, the catalyst, and the liquid medium.

Abstract: Wet strengthened fiber products, wet strengthening resins, and methods for making such wet strengthened fiber products and wet strengthening resins. The wet strengthened fiber product can include a fiber web and an at least partially cured wet strengthening resin, which prior to at least partially curing, the wet strengthening resin can include a polyamide-epihalohydrin (PAE) resin and a cationic styrene maleimide (SMI) resin. The PAE resin can include a reaction product of a polyamidoamine and an epihalohydrin and the cationic SMI resin can include a reaction product of a styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer and an amine. The wet strengthened fiber product can include the wet strengthening resin in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt %, based on a dried weight of the wet strengthened fiber product.

Abstract: Resin compositions, products made therewith, and methods for making such resin compositions and products. The resin composition can include a polyamide-epihalohydrin resin, a cationic styrene maleimide resin, and a urea-formaldehyde resin. The polyamide-epihalohydrin resin can include a reaction product of a polyamidoamine and an epihalohydrin. The cationic styrene maleimide resin can include a reaction product of a styrene maleic anhydride copolymer and an amine compound. The product can include a fiber web and an at least partially cured resin composition. The resin composition, prior to curing, can include a polyamide-epihalohydrin resin, a cationic styrene maleimide resin, and a urea-formaldehyde resin. The polyamide-epihalohydrin resin can include a reaction product of a polyamidoamine and an epihalohydrin. The cationic styrene maleimide resin can include a reaction product of a styrene maleic anhydride copolymer and an amine compound.

Abstract: Compositions and methods related to new wet strength resins are provided. By using functionally-symmetrical cross-linkers and mono-functional modifiers, and separating the steps of reacting a prepolymer with the cross-linkers from the reaction of intermediate cross-linked prepolymer with epichlorohydrin, new wet strength resin products are provided having improved properties.

Abstract: A proppant for a well treatment fluid includes discrete particles of a substrate, such as sand, coated with a resin comprising a product of the Maillard reaction between a carbohydrate and an amine and/or an ammonium compound. Different resins, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, may be blended with Maillard reaction products or applied to the substrate as separate layers. The proppant may be included in a fracturing fluid, which is injected into a subterranean formation and used to stimulate hydrocarbon production from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Spray dried emulsifier compositions are described, which have desirable emulsifying and wetting characteristics. Among other advantages, the solid particulate emulsifier compositions greatly reduce transportation costs and simplify the logistics and environmental concerns associated with shipping large volumes of solvent-containing liquids. The emulsifier comprises (1) a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate or (2) a modified tall oil or (3) a blend of (1) and (2) that is converted to its alkali or alkaline earth metal salt and spray dried.

Abstract: Methods for making carbon materials are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the method can include combining one or more polymer precursors with one or more liquids to produce a mixture. The mixture can be an emulsion, dispersion, or a suspension. The liquid can include hexane, pentane, cyclopentane, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, diethyl ether, ethylmethylketone, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, mineral oils, paraffin oils, vegetable derived oils, or any mixture thereof. The method can also include aging the mixture at a temperature and time sufficient for the polymer precursor to react and form polymer gel particles having a volume average particle size (Dv,50) of the polymer particles in gel form greater than or equal to 1 mm. The method can also include heating the polymer gel particles to produce a carbon material.

Abstract: Creping adhesives and methods for making and using same are provided. The creping adhesive can include a first thermosetting polyamidoamine-epihalohydrin resin that includes a reaction product of a first epihalohydrin and a first polyamidoamine containing one or more secondary amine groups, a first thermoplastic polyamidoamine-epihalohydrin resin that includes a reaction product of a second epihalohydrin and a second polyamidoamine containing one or more secondary amine groups, and one or more re-wetting agents. The first thermosetting polyamidoamine-epihalohydrin resin can have a weight average molecular weight of about 800,000 to about 1,200,000 and a molar ratio of the first epihalohydrin to the secondary amine groups of about 0.002:1 to about 0.1:1. The first thermoplastic polyamidoamine-epihalohydrin resin can have a weight average molecular weight of about 40,000 to about 200,000 and a molar ratio of the second epihalohydrin to the secondary amine groups of about 0.001:1 to about 0.1:1.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a three-dimensional structure are provided. One method includes the steps of extruding beads of thixotropic thermoset materials, and subjecting the beads to curing conditions such that the thixotropic thermoset materials at least partially cure to form cured polymer layers. In some cases, the curing conditions are not applied until multiple beads are extruded and in contact with one another. The steps of these methods can be performed repeatedly as desired to prepare a three-dimensional structure of nearly limitless shapes by additive manufacturing processes. Thixotropic thermoset materials are also provided, as are three-dimensional objects formed therefrom.

Abstract: Methods for making wet gels and dried gels therefrom are provided. The method for making a wet gel can include combining a hydroxybenzene compound, an aldehyde compound, and an additive to produce a reaction mixture. The additive can include a carboxylic acid, an anhydride, a homopolymer, a copolymer, or any mixture thereof. At least the hydroxybenzene compound and the aldehyde compound can be reacted to produce a wet gel. The reaction mixture can include about 10 wt % to about 65 wt % of the hydroxybenzene compound, about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % of the aldehyde compound, up to about 85 wt % of the carboxylic acid, up to about 40 wt % of the anhydride, up to about 40 wt % of the homopolymer, and up to about 40 wt % of the copolymer, where weight percent values are based on the combined weight of the hydroxybenzene compound, the aldehyde compound, and the additive.

Abstract: In some examples, one or more metal-containing catalysts and one or more waxes can be mixed or otherwise combined to produce an encapsulated catalyst composition. The wax can be at least partially coated on the metal-containing catalyst. A mixture of water and the wax can be agitated or otherwise mixed, and the metal-containing catalyst can be added to or otherwise combined with the water and wax mixture to produce a wax emulsified catalyst. A plurality of lignocellulose substrates, one or more oxidants, and the encapsulated catalyst composition can be mixed or otherwise combined to produce a lignocellulose binder mixture. The lignocellulose binder mixture can be heated to produce a composite product.

Abstract: Wet strengthened fiber products, wet strengthening resins, and methods for making such wet strengthened fiber products and wet strengthening resins. The wet strengthened fiber product can include a fiber web and an at least partially cured wet strengthening resin, which prior to at least partially curing, the wet strengthening resin can include a polyamide-epihalohydrin (PAE) resin and a cationic styrene maleimide (SMI) resin. The PAE resin can include a reaction product of a polyamidoamine and an epihalohydrin and the cationic SMI resin can include a reaction product of a styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer and an amine. The wet strengthened fiber product can include the wet strengthening resin in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt %, based on a dried weight of the wet strengthened fiber product.

Abstract: Resin compositions having a reduced solubility and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the resin composition can include a phenolic resin, a latent acid, a catalyst, and a liquid medium. The catalyst can be a base compound and can be present in an amount of about 2 wt % to about 7 wt %, based on the combined weight of the phenolic resin, the latent acid, the catalyst, and the liquid medium.

Abstract: Resin compositions, products made therewith, and methods for making such resin compositions and products. The resin composition can include a polyamide-epihalohydrin resin, a cationic styrene maleimide resin, and a urea-formaldehyde resin. The polyamide-epihalohydrin resin can include a reaction product of a polyamidoamine and an epihalohydrin. The cationic styrene maleimide resin can include a reaction product of a styrene maleic anhydride copolymer and an amine compound. The product can include a fiber web and an at least partially cured resin composition. The resin composition, prior to curing, can include a polyamide-epihalohydrin resin, a cationic styrene maleimide resin, and a urea-formaldehyde resin. The polyamide-epihalohydrin resin can include a reaction product of a polyamidoamine and an epihalohydrin. The cationic styrene maleimide resin can include a reaction product of a styrene maleic anhydride copolymer and an amine compound.

Abstract: Spray dried emulsifier compositions are described, which have desirable emulsifying and wetting characteristics. Among other advantages, the solid particulate emulsifier compositions greatly reduce transportation costs and simplify the logistics and environmental concerns associated with shipping large volumes of solvent-containing liquids. The emulsifier comprises (1) a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate or (2) a modified tall oil or (3) a blend of (1) and (2) that is converted to its alkali or alkaline earth metal salt and spray dried.

Abstract: Powdered adhesives for making lignocellulosic composite products and methods for making same. The powdered adhesive can include a powdered phenol-aldehyde resin and a powdered kraft lignin. The powdered kraft lignin can contain less than 3 wt % of ash, as measured according to ASTM D2584-11. The powdered adhesive can contain less than 10 wt % of water.

Abstract: In some examples, one or more metal-containing catalysts and one or more waxes can be mixed or otherwise combined to produce an encapsulated catalyst composition. The wax can be at least partially coated on the metal-containing catalyst. A mixture of water and the wax can be agitated or otherwise mixed, and the metal-containing catalyst can be added to or otherwise combined with the water and wax mixture to produce a wax emulsified catalyst. A plurality of lignocellulose substrates, one or more oxidants, and the encapsulated catalyst composition can be mixed or otherwise combined to produce a lignocellulose binder mixture. The lignocellulose binder mixture can be heated to produce a composite product.