Abstract: A first forwarding device in a software defined network (SDN) detects disconnection of an out-band connection between the first forwarding device and a controller, sends an SDN packet to the controller via an out-band connection of a second forwarding device adjacent to the first forwarding device, and receives a response packet sent by the controller via the second forwarding device.

Abstract: A gateway RB may search for an ARP entry of the destination IP address of an IP packet. The gateway RB may generate an Ethernet header based on a VLAN identification and a MAC address in the found ARP entry and a first local MAC address. The gateway RB may generate an Ethernet packet by adding the generated Ethernet header to the IP packet, and send out the Ethernet packet via an egress port in the found ARP entry; wherein the founded ARP entry is generated by the gateway RB based on a received TRILL-encapsulated ARP packet and a VSI on the gateway RB associating with the first local MAC address and the destination IP address of the IP packet belong to the same VLAN.

Abstract: According to various examples, in a site network, a layer-2 gateway device via which a terminal accesses a layer-2 network establishes a virtual link and an IS-IS relation with a layer-3 edge device, sends information of an learned MAC address to the layer-3 edge device, receives a packet sent by the layer-3 edge device via the virtual link, performs tunnel decapsulation on the packet, and searches a local MAC forwarding table based on a VLAN ID and a destination MAC address in the decapsulated packet to forward the packet in the site network according to a search result.

Abstract: A label switching router (LSR) and a method of switching data traffic to a predefined backup traffic path by the LSR in an MPLS (multi-protocol label switching) network. The LSR, upon detection of failure of a protected path during an LDP session, maintains an LDP session and forwards data traffic via the backup traffic path according to a forwarding table. The forwarding table contains logical output interface information including an outgoing label, a logical output interface, and the next hop of the predefined backup path.

Abstract: A method and system for changing an application in a BGP session are provided. The method may be applied by a first router, in a session established between the first router and a second router, and in which an application is enabled. The method comprises the first router changing a local capability value to support a changed application and changing an address family according to the changed application.

Abstract: The disclosure involves selecting a receiving antenna in a wireless local area network, comprises: testing each antenna in an antenna array to obtain an antenna quality parameter of each antenna corresponding to a client Station, and determining an optimal receiving antenna corresponding to said Station according to the antenna quality parameter of each antenna corresponding to the Station; setting the optimal receiving antenna corresponding to said Station as the receiving antenna upon receiving a notification transmission message transmitted by said Station.

Abstract: According to an example, a Controlling Bridge (CB) receives a VCF registration request packet sent by a Port Extender (PE) and sets interface state of a VCF interface receiving the VCF registration request packet from initial state to blocked state. The CB returns a VCF registration response packet to the PE and receives a VCF registration acknowledge packet returned by the PE after the PE receives the VCF registration response packet. The CB sets interface state of a VCF interface sending the VCF registration request packet from blocked state to forwarding state; sets interface state of the VCF interface receiving the VCF registration request packet as forwarding state, and establishing successfully a VCF link with the PE.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for synchronization after restart of a FC switch. For example, when a FC switch which is restarted detects that a neighbor FC switch has already established an adjacency relationship with the restarted FC switch, the adjacency relationship between the restarted FC switch and the neighbor FC switch is maintained, and the neighbor FC switch is requested to perform LSR initial synchronization to the restarted FC switch under a circumstance that the adjacency relationship is kept.

Abstract: A network management system deploys a network profile for a virtual machine to a physical switch after a restart of the physical switch when the virtual machine is downstream of the physical switch and the network profile for the virtual machine has been cached but not saved at the physical switch.

Abstract: ECMPs are selected from multiple TRILL paths to a gateway. The source MAC address of a received Ethernet packet whose destination MAC address is the MAC address of the gateway is replaced with a local MAC address. A path is selected from the ECMPs, and the Ethernet packet whose source MAC address has been replaced is sent via the selected path.

Abstract: An example of the present disclosure includes a Group Member (GM) registering on a Key Server (KS) in a Group Encrypted Transport Virtual Private Network (GET VPN). The KS is to manage at least one group, and GMs belonging to the same group have the same group ID. The KS receives a group ID and a Security Association, SA, policy list supported by a GM sent by the GM. The KS, according to the group ID, determines a KS SA policy list corresponding to the group, and matches the SA policy list supported by the GM with the KS SA policy list according to a priority. A group SA policy with the highest priority is sent the GM.

Abstract: According to an example, virtual systems are established in a same Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) process as a local IS-IS system. Each local IS-IS system and virtual system can enable a maximum of M IS-IS interfaces. A system is selected for each IS-IS interface from the local IS-IS system and the virtual systems. A virtual neighbor connection is established between the local IS-IS system and each of the virtual systems, and a route cost of the neighbor connection is 0. For an IS-IS interface connected to a remote device, a packet is sent for establishing a neighbor connection with the remote device, the packet carrying a system ID of the IS-IS interface.

Abstract: A CB device receives a first packet sent from another device through a stacking port. In response to determining, based on source port information carried in the first packet, that the first packet entered the stacking system from a PE device and the first packet is a non-unicast packet, the switch module performs mirroring processing to the first packet to obtain a mirrored packet, and transmits the first packet and the mirrored packet to a packet buffering module of the CB device. In response to determining that a second packet from the packet buffering module entered the stacking system from the PE device and the second packet is the non-unicast packet, the second packet is forbidden from being forwarded through a first-level stacking port of the CB device.

Abstract: According to an example, in a spinlock processing method, a value of a spinlock cache variable may be read from a cache and the value of the spinlock cache variable may be written into a register. A determination may be made as to whether the value of the spinlock cache variable is an initial value. If yes, the value of the spinlock cache variable in the register may be updated. A determination may also be made as to whether the spinlock cache variable is accessed by a core after the value of the spinlock cache variable is written into the register. If yes, a value of a spinlock cache variable may be obtained from the cache. If no, the updated value of the spinlock cache variable may be written into the cache. Moreover, an access speed of the cache may be larger than an access speed of an L2 cache.

Abstract: According to an example, a RB sends an election packet to a STP device to cause the STP device to flood the election packet in a spanning tree. The RB may receive a second election packet and perform DRB election based on the second election packet.

Abstract: A SDN controller receives a forwarding request message including a header portion of a layer-2 packet. The SDN controller determines whether a source host and a destination host of the layer-2 packet are in the same virtual network according to a virtual network table.

Abstract: A control device may allocate a global label for a switch device based on a forwarding equivalent class (FEC), and issue the global label to the switch device. Subsequently, for a packet not carrying the global label, after matching the packet not carrying the global label with the FEC, the switch device may encapsulate the global label for the packet, and forward the packet. For a packet carrying the global label, the switch device may forward the packet carrying the global label by using a global label forwarding entry.

Abstract: A distributed virtual switch system comprises a controller and multiple servers. Each server is configured with a virtual SDN switch and at least one VM. Each VM is connected with an external physical switch via the SDN switch. The controller obtains interface information of a switch logic interface corresponding to a VM, adds an entry comprising the interface information into a local global interface management table. The interface information includes a global unique identifier of the switch logic interface corresponding to the VM, a switch identifier of an SDN switch corresponding to the switch logic interface, and a local port identifier of the SDN switch corresponding to the switch logic interface. The controller manages each VM connected with each SDN switch according to the local global interface management table.

Abstract: According to an example, a network device serving as a monitoring device for a zero-configuration network protocol is in a subnet in a network including multiple subnets. The monitoring device may receive and update a service in another subnet that is notified by a manager. Also, the monitoring device may respond to a query for the service from a terminal in the subnet when the queried service is in another subnet.

Abstract: When needing to forward a packet from a switch line card to a programmable line card, the switch line card may encapsulate a pseudo-Layer 2 header for the packet based on uplink forwarding process of the switch line card. The pseudo-Layer 2 header may carry an adjacency table index and an egress interface table index which is used by the programmable line card. Correspondingly, the programmable line card may obtain the adjacency table index and the egress interface table index from the pseudo-Layer 2 header of the packet, and then may re-encapsulate a real Layer 2 header for the packet based on downlink forwarding process of the programmable line card, and transmit the packet through a corresponding egress interface.