Abstract: A method of extracting the contents from the inside of a reactor kept at high temperature and high pressure includes the steps of introducing the contents of the reactor into a pipe having an internal space which communicates with the reactor, closing the pipe to enclose the contents in the internal space, removing unnecessary gas from the internal space, and supplying an inert gas to the internal space, thereby replacing the contents enclosed in the internal space with the inert gas. The contents are discharged from the internal space by replacing the contents enclosed in the internal space with the inert gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing naphtha, wherein, in hydrogenation of a naphtha fraction which is fractionated from synthetic oil (FT synthetic oil) obtained by Fisher-Tropsch synthesis, the hydrogenised component is recycled and the recycled amount thereof is adjusted to reduce a olefin content in a hydro-refining apparatus whereby heat generation is suppressed and unstable operation of the hydro-refining apparatus can be stabilized. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing naphtha, wherein a cut point for fractionating a naphtha fraction from FT synthetic oil is adjusted to reduce the amount of olefin in a hydro-refining apparatus whereby unstable operation of the hydro-refining apparatus can be stabilized.

Abstract: In a so-called GTL process for producing liquid hydrocarbons containing fuel oil by producing synthesis gas from natural gas, subsequently producing Fischer-Tropsch oil from the obtained synthesis gas by way of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and upgrading the produced Fischer-Tropsch oil, the synthesis gas produced from a synthesis gas production step is partly branched at a stage prior to getting to a Fischer-Tropsch oil production step and high-purity hydrogen is separated and produced from the synthesis gas entering the branch line. All the separated high-purity hydrogen is supplied to an upgrading reaction step and consumed as hydrogen for an upgrading reaction. Additionally, the synthesis gas entering the branch line is subjected to a water gas shift reaction to raise the hydrogen concentration before the step of separating and producing high-purity hydrogen and the residual gas left after the separation may be circulated to the synthesis gas production step as raw material for producing synthesis gas.

Abstract: In a GTL process of producing various kinds of hydrocarbon oils from natural gas, provided is improved heat efficiency in the case of using a steam reforming process or a carbon dioxide reforming process in the reforming. The process includes producing a synthesis gas by converting the natural gas and at least one of steam and carbon dioxide into a synthesis gas through a tubular reformer filled with a reforming catalyst, producing Fischer-Tropsch oil by subjecting the produced synthesis gas to a Fischer-Tropsch reaction, and upgrading in which the Fischer-Tropsch oil is subjected to hydrotreatment and distillation to produce various kinds of hydrocarbon oils, in which excess heat generated in the synthesis gas production is recovered, and the recovered heat is used as heat for at least one of hydrotreatment and distillation in the upgrading.

Abstract: A situation where sulfur compounds originating from a castable are mixed into synthesis gas produced by way of a reforming reaction and the mixed sulfur compounds are separated and collected with carbon dioxide and further fed into a reformer to thereby degrade the reforming catalyst of the reformer by sulfur poisoning is avoided. Purge gas that is steam or steam-containing gas is made to flow into the piping to be used for a synthesis gas production apparatus and dried out to remove the sulfur compounds contained in the castable prior to the start-up of operation of the synthesis gas production apparatus, in order to prevent the sulfur compounds from being released by hot synthesis gas.

Abstract: It is avoided that the sulfur compounds originating from the castable is mixed into produced synthesis gas, the mixed sulfur compounds are separated and collected with carbon dioxide, the collected carbon dioxide is recycled as raw material gas and then the sulfur compounds is directly supplied to the reformer to consequently degrade the reforming catalyst in the reformer by sulfur poisoning. The carbon dioxide separated and collected in the carbon dioxide removal step is introduced into the desulfurization apparatus of the desulfurization step or the sulfur compounds adsorption apparatus before being recycled to the reformer to remove the sulfur compounds.

Abstract: An operation method of a synthesis gas reformer of a GTL (gas to liquids) plant is provided with: setting an operation condition of the synthesis gas reformer; determining control target values of a flow rate of the light hydrocarbon gas, the steam, and the CO2, and an amount of heat needed for the synthesis gas reformer; controlling operation load of the synthesis gas reformer; setting a furnace efficiency of the synthesis gas reformer; calculating a combustion load of a burner of the synthesis gas reformer; calculating a lower heating value of the fuel gas based on a composition measurement of the fuel gas of the burner; determining a control target value of the pressure of the fuel gas; calculating a deviation between the control target value of the pressure of the fuel gas and a measured value of the pressure of the fuel gas; and controlling the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the synthesis gas reformer by adjusting a pressure control valve provided at an inlet of the burner to compensat

Abstract: In a so-called GTL process of producing synthesis gas from natural gas, producing Fischer-Tropsch oil by way of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of the obtained synthesis gas and producing liquid hydrocarbons containing fuel oil by upgrading, the synthesis gas produced from the synthesis gas production step is partly branched off prior to getting to the Fischer-Tropsch oil production step and the synthesis gas entering the branch line is subjected to a water gas shift reaction to raise the hydrogen concentration thereof. Subsequently, high-purity hydrogen is isolated from the synthesis gas and the residual gas left after the isolation is circulated to the synthesis gas production step and used as raw material for synthesis gas production. As a result, a significant improvement can be achieved in terms of raw material consumption per product of the entire process.

Abstract: A medium oil to be used for a synthesis reaction in a slurry-bed reaction procedure. The medium oil has as a main component, a branched, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 16 to 50 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 tertiary carbon atoms, 0 quaternary carbon atoms, and 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the branched chains bonded to the tertiary carbon atoms; and at least one of the tertiary carbon atoms is bonded to hydrocarbon chains with a chain length having 4 or more carbon atoms in three directions, wherein the synthesis reaction in the slurry-bed reaction procedure comprises producing an oxygen-containing organic compound from a raw gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-reforming catalyst comprising a composite oxide having a composition represented by the following formula (I) in which Co, Ni and M are dispersed in the composite oxide and a process for producing a synthesis gas by using the catalyst are provided. aM.bCo.cNi.dMg.eCa.fO??(I) wherein a, b, c, d, e, and f are molar fractions, a+b+c+d+e=1, 0.0001<a?0.20, 0<b?0.20, 0?c?0.20, 0.001<(b+c)?0.20, 0.60?(d+e)?0.9989, 0<d<0.9989, 0<e<0.9989, f=the number necessary for element to keep charge equilibrium with oxygen. And M is at least one element among Group 3B elements and Group 6A elements in the Periodic Table. The reforming catalyst is able to maintain a high catalytic activity over a long period in reforming hydrocarbons.

Abstract: To provide a method for hydrotreating a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, which removes olefins and oxygen-containing compounds by hydrotreatment with the gasification rate restrained and can efficiently convert the synthetic hydrocarbon oil generated by the FT process to a liquid fuel suitable as a fuel for diesel-powered vehicles. A hydrotreating method is disclosed in which a synthetic hydrocarbon oil generated by FT synthesis is hydrotreated using a catalyst in which a definite catalytic metal is allowed to be carried on a support, under definite reaction conditions, with the gasification rate restrained to a definite value or less, thereby removing the olefins and the oxygen-containing compounds.

Abstract: Provided is a method for synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds wherein synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon compounds from a synthesis gas by a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The method includes a first absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in gaseous by-products generated in the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction, with an absorbent, and a second absorption step of absorbing a carbon dioxide gas, which is contained in the synthesis gas, with the absorbent which is passed through the first absorption step.

Abstract: A spray can product capable of preventing leakage where used or stored in a tilted or an inverted position, and keeping good safety and liquid retention even where a flammable liquefied gas is used. The spray can product is formed by filling a spray can having an ejection opening with a liquefied gas and an absorbing body for retaining liquid, and the absorbing body is composed of an assembly of cellulose fibers containing at least 45 mass % of fine cellulose fibers having a fiber length of 0.35 mm or less. The absorbing body compressed into a block-shaped configuration corresponding to that of the spray can is accommodated within the spray can while defining a space on the side of an ejection opening, and a lid-like member is provided between the space and the absorbing body to protect a surface of the absorbing body in a gas permeable manner.

Abstract: To provide a safe, nontoxic, and high-performance mixed refrigerant for hot water supply/heating system which is prepared by mixing dimethyl ether with carbon dioxide and which does not deplete the ozone layer, has a low global warming potential, and permits low-pressure operation. A refrigerant composition for hot water supply/heating comprising 1 to 10% by mole of dimethyl ether and 99 to 90% by mole of carbon dioxide on the basis of the total number of moles of dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A mercury removal apparatus for a liquid hydrocarbon includes a conversion device which converts a mercury component in a raw liquid hydrocarbon into elemental mercury to obtain a first liquid hydrocarbon containing the elemental mercury. The apparatus also includes a first stripping device which brings the first liquid hydrocarbon into counter-current contact with a first stripping gas, thereby transferring the elemental mercury in the first liquid hydrocarbon to the first stripping gas to obtain (i) a second liquid hydrocarbon in which the amount of the elemental mercury decreases and (ii) a first gaseous hydrocarbon containing the elemental mercury.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to using a composition comprising carbon dioxide and dimethyl ether as a refrigerant. In particular, the refrigerant composition comprises 3-6% by mole dimethyl ether and 97-94% by mole of carbon dioxide on the basis of a total number of moles of dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide. Advantageously, the refrigerant composition does not cause ozonosphere depletion, has a low global warming potential, and is safe and nontoxic.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a safe, nontoxic, and high-performance mixed refrigerant for hot water supply/heating system which is prepared by mixing dimethyl ether with carbon dioxide and which does not deplete the ozone layer, has a low global warming potential, and permits low-pressure operation. [Means for Solving Problems] A refrigerant composition for hot water supply/heating comprising 1 to 10% by mole of dimethyl ether and 99 to 90% by mole of carbon dioxide on the basis of the total number of moles of dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: In a so-called GTL process for producing liquid hydrocarbons containing fuel oil by producing synthesis gas from natural gas, subsequently producing Fischer-Tropsch oil from the obtained synthesis gas by way of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and upgrading the produced Fischer-Tropsch oil, the synthesis gas produced from a synthesis gas production step is partly branched at a stage prior to getting to a Fischer-Tropsch oil production step and high-purity hydrogen is separated and produced from the synthesis gas entering the branch line. All the separated high-purity hydrogen is supplied to an upgrading reaction step and consumed as hydrogen for an upgrading reaction. Additionally, the synthesis gas entering the branch line is subjected to a water gas shift reaction to raise the hydrogen concentration before the step of separating and producing high-purity hydrogen and the residual gas left after the separation may be circulated to the synthesis gas production step as raw material for producing synthesis gas.

Abstract: In a so-called GTL process of producing synthesis gas from natural gas, producing Fischer-Tropsch oil by way of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of the obtained synthesis gas and producing liquid hydrocarbons containing fuel oil by upgrading, the synthesis gas produced from the synthesis gas production step is partly branched off prior to getting to the Fischer-Tropsch oil production step and the synthesis gas entering the branch line is subjected to a water gas shift reaction to raise the hydrogen concentration thereof. Subsequently, high-purity hydrogen is isolated from the synthesis gas and the residual gas left after the isolation is circulated to the synthesis gas production step and used as raw material for synthesis gas production. As a result, a significant improvement can be achieved in terms of raw material consumption per product of the entire process.

Abstract: A high-quality spray product that uses a less expensive propellant exhibiting a lower ozone-depleting potential and a lower global warming potential without using any fluorocarbon, any alternative thereto, etc., and exhibits an improved safety and an improved liquid retention. A dust blower as the spray product uses a propellant composed of a mixture of dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide, and an absorbent adapted to retain the propellant, which is composed of an assembly of pulverized cellulose fibers such that the cellulose fibers include at least 45 mass % of fine cellulose fibers having a fiber length of 0.35 mm or less. The propellant and the absorbent are charged in a spray can having a spray nozzle, thereby preparing a dust blower.