Abstract: Disclosed is a multiple feedback loop ring oscillator and delay cell with high oscillation voltage. It is an object of the present invention to implement a new ring oscillator for the VCO of a high speed PLL and a proper delay cell with a high speed and low noise. The apparatus is composed of multiple feedback loop ring oscillator that 4 delay cells which have the first main input stage, the second main input stage, the first subsidiary input stage, the second subsidiary input stage, the third subsidiary input stage, the forth subsidiary input stage, the first output stage and the second output stage is connected to the main loop and subsidiary loop. The present invention has advantages that it can be operated in high speed, it has a low power sensitivity, there is no power noise because there is no variation of a supply current and it can improve noise characteristics.

Abstract: There is disclosed a low frequency filter. A low frequency cutoff filter includes a filter circuit having a capacitor connected between an input terminal and an output terminal and an active resistor connected to the output terminal, having a very large resistance, and a bias circuit having a negative feedback to set a biasing voltage of the active resistor to a desired value, thereby implementing the cutoff filter within a semiconductor chip as one set with the capacitor having a small capacitance. A low frequency pass filter includes an active resistor having a very large resistance, means for setting a biasing voltage of the active resistor to a desired value, and a capacitor connected between the output terminal and the ground. Therefore, the low pass filter can be integrated-circuited using even small capacitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cost minimized multicast routing algorithm, that can be used for heterogeneous applications in ATM networks. In routing multipoint information flows over ATM VP/VC networks, the algorithm generates near optimal multicast tree based on the delay requirements of services, link costs and path overlapping effects for resource saving and quality-of-service satisfying purposes. This invention uses the virtual destination node in order to find the multicast route that maximizes the overlapping effects of the path between multiple destinations, thus minimizes the number of links and switches used in the multicast communications. Also, multicast tree branching occurs as near as possible to the destination nodes so that the overlapping effects of the multicast route can effectively reduce the network resource consumption.

Abstract: The invention is to provide an STM-16 Network-Node Interface(NNI) which is capable of exactly checking whether a fault is generated on any station when the VC-4 AU received from a remotely located station has the fault, by checking the incoming data streams and communication with the remote node using the still unused values of APS bytes, thereby further enhancing the reliability thereof, which comprising duplicate physical layer processing blocks for processing a physical layer to provide a plurality of simplex ATM layers, and an ATM layer controller for controlling the processing condition of each of the ATM layers processed by the ATM layer processing means, to thereby processed information to the microprocessor; and ATM layer processing block for processing the ATM layers to a plurality of ATM cells.

Abstract: A microwave dielectric ceramic composition is fabricated by adding one selected from a material containing Ba and a material containing Sr or a mixture of a material containing Ba and a material containing Sr to a composition formed of 25.about.43 wt % of TiO.sub.2, 39-57 wt % of ZrO.sub.2, and 7-28 wt % of SnO.sub.2 as an additive, wherein the additive is added by 0.2.about.8.0 wt % based on the total amount of the composition, and is capable of implementing a high dielectric constant and quality factor by sintering at a temperature of 1250.about.1400.degree. C.

Abstract: A hadamard code generation circuit is disclosed. The circuit includes a start reset signal generator for generating a start reset signal START.sub.-- RESET when a 6-bit output signal REF.sub.-- C from the 6-bit reference counter, a higher 4-bit index output signal H(5:2) of the 6-bit register and a 2-bit value from a ground circuit are identical; a "0" value force allocation unit for outputting a FORCE.sub.-- 0.sub.-- DEL signal for forcibly allocating all values of the 0th column to "0" when a 4-bit output signal REF.sub.-- C (5:2) from the 6-bit reference counter and a 4-bit value from the ground circuit are identical; a 2-bit counter for receiving the start reset signal and an external clock signal, outputting lowest bit signals C1 and C0 and outputting a carry-out signal; a 4-bit counter operated in accordance with a result that an inverted FORCE.sub.

Abstract: An electro-optic polymer waveguide device capable of decreasing a driving voltage and an optical loss is disclosed. A vertical tapered waveguide is formed between passive waveguides of input and output portions in a waveguide and an electro-optic modulating region, and an amplitude of a waveguide mode of the input and output portion waveguide is equal to that of a optical fiber, thereby minimizing a connection loss with the optical fiber.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of multiplexing moving pictures fed from a plurality of multimedia communication terminals through broadband Integrated Service Distance Network (B-ISDN) and displaying a multiplexed moving picture on a display unit of the plurality of terminals, which comprising the steps of checking a type and a performance of the terminals, and assistance possible performance of the MCU to the terminals by end-and-end signaling; and selecting M terminals among the plurality of terminals connected thereto; generating a start signal to the selected M terminals, the start signal allowing each of the selected terminals to generate the moving picture to be processed; processing a first and second moving pictures generated from two terminals in response to the start signal; processing a third and four moving pictures generated from two terminals in response to the start signal; repeating said steps until all of moving pictures from the selected M terminals are inputted.

Abstract: A method for interfacing between a transmitter and receiver of a digital broadcasting system using a satellite, includes the steps of: searching a program association table of the receiver for a corresponding program, and detecting a receiver control message packet number; detecting a receiver control message through the detected packet number; detecting public switched telephone network and public switched data network numbers through the receiver control message; searching for a network information table of the receiver and then detecting an event information table packet number at a time zone corresponding to an event information table construction descriptor, in order to search for a corresponding event information table; inserting a VCR reserved recording descriptor into the event information table to impose an identification number on a corresponding program, thereby performing a reserved recording; inserting a price information descriptor table into the event information table to transmit program price

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus of a forward traffic channel power control for a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless local loop system not having a hand-off function. The present invention distinguishes between a normal mode and a threshold mode in a CDMA wireless local loop. Here, the total power is lower than a predetermined power threshold value in the normal mode, and the total power arrives at the predetermined power threshold value in the threshold mode. In addition, the present invention varies method of increasing/reducing the forward traffic channel power according to the determined mode. As a result, method and apparatus according to the present invention effectively reduces the forward link interference signal at nearby cells, and provides a proper traffic quality.

Abstract: A moving picture expert group (MPEG)-2 transport stream (TS) multiplexer for an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network adaptation. The MPEG-2 multiplexer for ATM network adaption includes media and timer processor, TS packet multiplex controller, buffer, and ATM network adaptation processor. The media and timer processor is initialized by an external clock and reset signal, receives signals DATA, WRITE and each module selection signal CHPSEL from an external processor to store the header of each TS packet, generates a TS packet by receiving data from a video/audio encoder, and thereby drives a timer with the clock signals. The TS packet multiplex controller multiplexes each TS packet provided from the media and timer processor or outputs an input/output controlling signal to multiplex. The buffer buffers TS-PDU transmitted from the TS packet multiplex controller.

Abstract: A cell bus arbitration device and method arbitrating a cell bus transmitting data in a certain size of packet unit is disclosed. The cell bus arbitration device comprises a filter for outputting request signals not to be masked by using service mask data, a decoder for outputting only the highest priority request signal, a latching and counting unit latching and counting the priority signal, a service flag for outputting service mask data according to the bus grant signals, and a detector for detecting the state of the bus request signals and controlling the service flag unit. The device is used for arbitrating a cell bus for transmitting data in packet unit.

Abstract: A bidirectional optical communication module using a single optical fiber is disclosed. The module includes an optical fiber having a cut-away surface polished to have an acute angle between the cut-away surface and an axis of the optical fiber, a semiconductor laser emitting a transmission light coupled with a light fiber core, and a bidirectional optical device having a light receiving portion absorbing a receiving light outputted from the light fiber core for thereby optically coupling a bidirectional optical device in which a light receiving device is integrated into a light transmitting semiconductor laser as a single chip and an optical fiber when fabricating an optical module for implementing a light signal transmission and receiving operation using one optical fiber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high power semiconductor laser device and method for fabricating the same utilizing ion implanting process, by which a beam steering phenomenon of an optical output due to filaments is eliminated. This elimination is achieved by a periodically varying gain given for a resonator of the semiconductor laser device. That is, this invention changes a gain distribution which causes the generation of filaments in the resonator into different distribution. According to the present invention, there is formed an insulation layer through ion implantation to an active layer to adjust current density implanted to the active layer, thereby eliminating non-uniform distribution of the light along the longitudinal direction of the resonator.

Abstract: An idle address controller for a shared buffer type ATM switch controls the addresses of output cells in a common memory to be stored directly in an idle address buffer without passing through the conventional idle address delay controller, by improving the idle address control scheme of a unit switch. The idle address controller includes an idle address control signal generator for generating idle address control signals based on the buffer length information from counters, idle address control signal buffers for storing the idle address control signals, and an idle address control signal multiplexer. Therefore, the idle addresses can be efficiently provided, and this mechanism lowers cell loss and reduces required memory capacity.

Abstract: This invention provides a design technique of the array antenna, and a telecommunication system and method utilizing the array antenna for enhancing the communication quality and increasing the communication capacity by reducing the interfering signals and noises with the nice beam pattern. And, the design technique of the array antenna, and the telecommunication system and method utilizing the array antenna introduce a simplified computational technique for generating a nice beam pattern having its maximum gain along the direction of the wanted signal and maintaining the gain toward the direction of the interfering signals in as low a level as possible.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a vertical channel transistor comprising the steps of: selectively implanting a dopant of high concentration into a semiconductor substrate to form a source region; firstly etching the semiconductor substrate using an insulator and a first photoresist pattern as a mask; secondly etching the substrate using a second photoresist pattern having a shape corresponding to said source region as a mask; implanting a dopant of low concentration into the exposed substrate using said second photoresist pattern as a mask to form a vertical channel layer; implanting a dopant of high concentration into the exposed substrate using same mask to form a drain region; activating said dopants, and forming an ohmic contact layer on said drain region; thirdly etching using a third photoresist pattern for exposing the firstly etched portion of the substrate as a mask; depositing a gate metal on the substrate exposed by the thirdly etching; and wiring a metal, respectively.

Abstract: In an automatic mapping system, a plurality of names are placed on a map in association with a plurality of corresponding point-features with minimized overlapping among the names. First a minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) is placed on a predetermined position of a target point located on a predetermined direction-uppermost position from point-features, where the MBR is selected for representing a name corresponding to the target point. Next, it is determined whether the MBR is overlapped with at least one of previously assigned MBRs and if the MBR is not overlapped with any of the previously assigned MBRs, the current position of the MBR is determined and the name is placed on the MBR.

Abstract: A compound testing machine for testing mechanical properties used for an optical connector does not additionally have each testing machine for each of mechanical properties (such as a tensile force including both a straight pull and a side pull, a flex, a twist and an impact) in testing a mechanical property between optical connectors and other mechanical property between optical fibers of the optical connectors, and includes only one testing machine for simultaneously testing various mechanical properties in order to enhance a test machine's efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a synchronous cross-connect system with an integrated 2.5 Gbps (STM-16) I/O link and a ring network interworking. The synchronous cross-connect system includes: first and second I/O portions for performing I/O function with respect to a plurality of STM-16 signals, including a backplane signal pattern which takes four units among the plurality of STM-16 signals performing a protection switching and transmission functions; a signal intercrossing portion for crossing/connecting signals of the first and second I/O portions; and synchronizing portion for generating clock signals necessary to the first and second I/O portions and the signal intercrossing portion. As a result, the synchronous cross-connect system performs a transmission function without an additional apparatus in the transmission link with interoffice transmission capacity of 2.5 Gbps (STM-16), and has a high survivability because of a real-time fault recovery function using the ring network interworking.