Abstract: The present invention pertains to a plumb bob device for determining the bed height of bulk material in a shaft furnace. The winding drum 1 for unwidning and rewinding a cable 5 or a chain with a plumb bob 6 suspended at its end is driven by a hydraulic motor 3. A displacement transducer 9 is driven by the shaft of the winding drum 1. The motor for driving the winding drum 1 is a so-called low-speed hydraulic motor 3. The displacement transducer 9 sends a signal associated with the actual measured depth to a pressure-proportional valve 10 directly, i.e., without an electrical control device. This valve presets a plumb bob holding pressure associated with the actual depth for the hydraulic motor 3.

Abstract: The aircraft tractor arrangement maintains a uniform degree of reliability with which the nose wheel landing gear, which is standing on a lifting platform that is arranged on the front part and extends into a recess (26), is held down on the surface of the lifting platform which supports the nose wheel landing gear at different nose wheel diameters.Each telescoping rod (30) is hinged (40, 44, 46) to the front part (10.1) directly in the front. A connecting hydraulic cylinder (42) is provided in the rear. The hydraulic cylinder (46) for longitudinal adjustment, and also the hydraulic cylinder (36) for moving the holder (34) on the fixed part (30.1) of the telescoping rod (30) associated with it are arranged ridgedly.This arrangement allows an adjustability in height of the two rear tow arms and at the same time of the front holders, which can come into contact with the two desired zones of the wheel circumference, regardless of the nose wheel diameter.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an aircraft tractor without tow-bar. The arrangement avoids relative movement between the nose wheel of the aircraft and the tractor lifting platform by making the lifting platform (24) rotatable around a longitudinal axis (30) of the chassis, which axis is horizontal when the chassis is extended, and by making displaceable the transverse tow arms (38) and/or the holders (42) at right angles to this longitudinal axis (30). The tires of an oblique nose wheel landing gear of an aircraft being towed in a curve are handled very gently, because the tractor parts (24, 38, and 42) that are in contact with the nose wheel landing gear are able to follow the movements of the nose wheel landing gear and to adjust to its instantaneous position.

Abstract: A hot pipeline is welded to a flange which is supported by brackets connected to a nozzle. The pipeline with a flange can expand freely radially. Welded to the other end of the flange is a pipe, which can withstand an axial temperature gradient between a temperature T.sub.1 at the pipeline and flange, and a temperature t.sub.2 at a compensator and the nozzle. The axial expansion of pipe is accommodated by the compensator, which is welded to the pipe and at its other end to the nozzle. The pipeline, the flange, the pipe and the compensator are subject to the difference between pressure p.sub.2 in the vessel and the pressure p.sub.1 in the pipeline.

Abstract: A system that employs air to directly cool heat-accessible metallurgical vessels that are provided with separate annular supports, characterized in that air channels (6) are positioned on the outside of the annular support (5) with a number of air-injection pipes (7) distributed along the circumference and extending radially from the channels to the inner wall of the annular support, whereby outlets (8) slope up into the gap (3) between the annular support and the outer wall (1) of the metallurgical vessel, in that air is injected into the cooling system through one or both load-bearing connectors (4), and in that the difference in pressure within the system is less than 2000 mm H.sub.2 O and the air travels at less than 25 m/sec.

Abstract: A live steam passage of double-shell design for steam turbines is disclosed. According to the present invention, the steam passage is welded as a welded-in insert (1) onto the outer housing (9) of the turbine. The piston ring supoprt sleeve (2) with the piston rings (4) slides as a separate part in a sleeve (5), which the sleeve (2) is screwed onto the welded-in insert (1) with locking screws (3). A threaded ring (6) provided with a high collar holds the sleeve (5) in place in the inner housing (7) of the turbine. The live steam passage according to the present invention can be used in steam turbines, including throttle-controlled steam turbines with inner housings.

Abstract: A traveling continuous conveyor for bulk materials for unloading ships and removing heaps of bulk material. A steep conveyor is provided including a carrying belt (3) and a cover belt (4) which are integrated in the conveyor device. The bulk material is cast by two casting drums (8a and 8b) into the lower gap between the carrying belt (3) and the cover belt (4), in any position of the support frame relative to a surface of the bulk material. Computer-controlled linear drives (6, 15, 17, 20, and 22) are provided, with which the position of the casting drums 8a and 8b) relative to each other and to the layer of bulk material to be removed, e.g., height adjustment to the inclination plane of the bulk material, is facilitated.

Abstract: An arrangement for storing and removing bulk material in a round pile, in which a truss is rotatable about a vertical axis on a substructure. The truss carries a material depositing belt and a bulk material receiver which is pivotable in a vertical direction. A counterweight on the truss balances weight. The substructure is hopper-shaped. The truss is mounted on the substructure by a bearing, and rollers carry the truss which runs on the substructure. The bulk material receiver is in the form of a drag that conveys to a hopper of the substructure. This hopper has a bottom with a conveying medium under which a conveyor belt runs. The bearing has a large diameter annular track that is elevated on posts on the substructure. A rotatable plough located at the bottom of the hopper is the single conveying element on the hopper bottom.

Abstract: In a method for the thermal treatment of wastes (combustible, poorly combustible and incombustible), especially those which cannot be harmlessly dumped, air is preheated in a first regenerator (2) to a temperature of 800.degree. to 1200.degree. C. and fed through a first combustion chamber (7) to a melting vessel (6) into which wastes are dumped for thermal treatment. The flue gas from the melting vessel is fed through a second combustion chamber (7') to a second regenerator (2'). The two regenerators contain sections for thermal storage (3, 3'), for the adsorption (4, 4') of flue gas impurities and for the further treatment (5, 5') of the flue gas. The air and flue gas flow is reversible, i.e., air preheated in the second regenerator (2') is fed to the melting vessel (6) through the second combustion chamber (7'). The flue gas is fed through the first combustion chamber (7) to the first regenerator (2).

Abstract: The invention includes a compressor unit with a connected drive by a high-frequency motor for compressing gases and which is suitable for great ocean depths and for natural gas conveyance from the ocean floor where the low temperature obtaining in the water is effectively utilized. The compressor unit is supported by magnetic bearings in a housing. The compressor includes a plurality of compressor stages connected by pipe lines which form a surface cooler on the suction side arranged around the housing.

Abstract: An anti-surge control of a turbocompressor includes a controller which controls the progressive opening or closing of a blow-off valve as a function of the working point location relative to a blow-off line defined in the characteristic field. A quick opening of the blow-off valve upon the occurrence of a close approach to surge is effective by applying a correction signal to the integral section of the controller.

Abstract: A device for opening a pontoon unit to form a pontoon bridge, in which two inner pontoons and two outer pontoons are connected by hinges such that they can be opened in the shape of a W. In the collapsed state, the two inner pontoons are connected to an upper middle hinge and the two outer pontoons are joined to the adjoining inner pontoons by a lower hinge each. The lower hinge is formed by two pins which are arranged in the adjoining corners of the inner pontoon and outer pontoon. The pins are pivotably connected by a projecting lever, and the freedom of movement of the projecting end of the lever can be limited by stops. The end of the lever facing the outer pontoon is attached to a tension spring. The outer pontoons are opened by the tensioned tension springs against the buoyancy acting on them.

Abstract: A method for preventing surges in a turbocompressor which supplies downstream processor with a gaseous medium by regulating a blow-off valve. The compressor volumetric intake flow is continuously measured, as is the compressor outlet pressure. A first minimum is designated to the compressor volumetric intake flow, and this minimum is dependent on the compressor outlet pressure. The blow-off valve is opened to ensure that the volumetric intake flow of the compressor remains above a surge limit when the intake flow drops to or below the first minimum and to a value that is still permissible and above the surge limit. The flow to the processor downstream is measured separately and in vicinity of the processor intake. The blow-off valve is also opened when the flow to the processor drops below a permissible second mininum value. The compressor intake flow is measured in vicinity of the compressor intake, whereas the flow to the processor is measured separately in vicinity of the processor intake.

Abstract: A regulating method for preventing surges in turbo-compressors, in which the compressor flow and forwarding pressure are continuously measured. The compressor operating point is defined by the compressor flow and the forwarding pressure. Surges are prevented by regulating the opening of at least one blow-off valve by a regulator with an adjustment parameter when the operating point has arrived at a blow-off curve that parallels a surge limit, but before the operating point arrives at the surge limit. The adjustment parameter is returned to an actual state of the blow-off valve by a readjustment circuit when a difference exceeding a predetermined threshold occurs betwen the actual state of the blow-off valve and the adjustment parameter of the regulator.

Abstract: In the surge limit control for turbo compressors the amplification factor of the control device producing the control signal for a blow-off valve is varied according to the ascending gradient of the compressor's characteristic corresponding to the respective working point.

Abstract: A wheel set guidance for trucks of rail vehicles, especially commuter traffic vehicles. To have a continuously extending floor on as low a level as possible, a truck with free wheels is proposed where the free wheels are mounted in pedestal bearings that are connected with a frame structure that is connected to the truck frame in such a way as to be pivotable in a vertical direction. One of the wheel sets can be driven, with the free wheels thereof being connected in a twist-resistant manner via gear arrangement, so that from a motion standpoint the same effect is achieved as if the driven wheel set were connected with a rigid wheel set shaft, but without this shaft being in the way of the floor, so that a vehicle equipped with this truck can have a continuously extending floor on a low level.

Abstract: A method for reliably operating turbocompressors in which flow and forwarding pressure defining the operating point of a compressor are continuously measured. At least one blow-off valve or blow-around valve is opened by a blow-off regulating system to prevent surging once the operating point of the compressor has attained a blow-off curve that parallels a surge limit, but before the operating point can attain the surge limit so that the flow will attain a minimum level depending on the forwarding pressure. The speed at which the operating point moves relative to the blow-off curve or surge limit is determined continuously to obtain the opening of either one of the valves ahead of time. The blow-off valve or blow-around valve is opened at maximum speed by a procedure that supercedes a normal blow-off regulation system when the operating point has arrived at or beyond a rapid valve-opening curve representing a speed-dependent minimum distance of the operating point from the blow-off curve.

Abstract: An arrangement for protecting a turbocompressor against surges by blowing off through a blow-off valve, in which at least the flow-through of the compressor and the compressor outlet pressure are measured. A regulating parameter is determined from the measured results, as well as from predetermined reference values. A blow-off valve is adjusted dependent on the regulating parameter, by a surge-limit regulator through activating device with a downstream state regulator and a compressed medium. The blow-off valve is shifted in opening direction at a maximum rate of adjustment by safety controls when the regulating parameter exceeds a safe threshold. The compressed medium that activates the blow-off valve bypasses the state regulator and escapes directly when the safety controls engage. The compressed medium is prevented from escaping, on the other hand, when the safety controls disengage, and regulation is resumed only by the surge-limit regulator and the downstream state regulator.

Abstract: A regulating method for preventing surges in a turbocompressor by initiating blow-off when necessary during operation. Flow to the turbocompressor and the compressor outlet pressure are measured continuously, and a first regulating difference is calculated from these measurements. This first regulating difference is then applied as an input parameter to a regulator which has a limited response rate. The output of this regulator is then used as a regulating parameter for a blow-off valve. The blow-off valve is opened rapidly by safety controls under malfunctioning conditions that tend to stress the limited response rate of the regulator. A second regulating difference is calculated from the preceding measurements or from the first regulating difference to indicate the need to open rapidly the blow-off valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine charging unit is disclosed which includes a displacement compressor connected to a drive shaft of an internal combustion engine so as to be driven by the internal combustion engine. The displacement compressor is preferably a screw compressor including a main rotor and a secondary rotor. An exhaust gas turbine is connected to an exhaust line of the internal combustion engine. The shaft of the gas turbine is preferably connected to one of the main rotor, secondary rotor or both the main rotor and the secondary rotor.