Abstract: A particle separator for the separation of particles from the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine. The particle separator includes different heat transfer zones arranged at least in the main flow direction of an exhaust gas stream through the particle separator, different, that is, with respect to heat storage capacity and/or thermal conductivity and/or the heat-transfer properties from the exhaust gas stream to the particle separator. Each of these different zones makes it possible for a precisely defined amount of heat to be transferred from the exhaust gas stream to the individually assigned sections of the particle separator.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas flow of combustion engines, especially a motor vehicle internal combustion engine, wherein an air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the combustion engine is combusted in the presence of a fuel additive and, in the process, the fuel additive decomposes and the exhaust gas flow is guided through at least one catalyst arranged downstream of the combustion chamber. This method is characterised in that a fuel additive is used, which decomposes in the combustion chamber releasing ammonia and the exhaust gas flow containing ammonia is guided through at least one SCR catalyst arranged downstream of the combustion chamber to reduce the concentration of the nitrogen oxides contained therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-igniting internal combustion engine (10) with ether fumigation of the combustion air for vehicles, wherein to provide for ether fumigation, a feed means (1, 2, 3) is provided for an alkanol fuel in the flow direction, an exhaust gas heat exchanger (4) is provided for cooling a portion of the exhaust gas arising from the firing of the internal combustion engine (10) and for vaporizing the alkanol fuel fed while at the same time absorbing the thermal energy to be dissipated during cooling of the exhaust gas, and a catalyst (5) is provided for dehydrating the evaporated alkanol fuel to form ether, and wherein the feed means (1, 2, 3), the exhaust gas heat exchanger (4) and the catalyst (5) are connected to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (10) and adapted in such.

Abstract: A cooling device for engine oil and/or transmission fluid, in particular of an internal combustion engine, has a flow-through oil cooler in an oil trough. The oil cooler is formed by a plate heat exchanger with plate intermediate spaces which route coolant and oil. The plate intermediate spaces that conduct oil have an outer opening region which is arranged on the outer circumference of the plate heat exchanger as inflow region, via which hot oil to be cooled flows into the oil-conducting plate intermediate spaces. Furthermore, the oil-conducting plate intermediate spaces have an outer outflow region which is arranged on the outer circumference of the plate heat exchanger at a distance from the inflow region. The outflow region is connected indirectly or directly to an outer oil line connecting region, via which cooled oil flows out after heat exchange with the coolant. The plate heat exchanger is suspended in the oil trough at a defined spacing from the oil trough walls which surround it.

Abstract: An exhaust gas return system for a turbo-charged internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas is guided via an exhaust gas manifold to a turbine of an exhaust gas turbo charger and wherein a compressor connected to the turbine guides the charge air to a charge air pipe, a check valve is branched off the exhaust gas manifold and is biased into a closed position. The check valve is opened by the exhaust gas pressure within the exhaust gas manifold. An exhaust gas line connects the check valve to the charge air pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sorption catalytic converter for the combined chemo-sorptive and oxidative cleaning of diesel engine exhaust gases with a high blocking activity for highly volatile organic exhaust gas components, compounds sorbed on particles, moderately and scarcely volatile organic compounds (SOF), materials with a pungent odor, irritating materials, and ammonia, using an upstream NO.sub.x reducing catalytic converter, with measurable blocking activity for minute high carbon particles, with a high oxidation activity for CO and a restricted oxidation activity for NO and SO.sub.2 with a working range from the ambient temperature to 650.degree. C., comprising a monolithic honeycomb structure having channels adapted for free flow of diesel exhaust gas therethrough of the active mass or of inert carrier material, coated with the active mass, the active mass preferably being composed of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 /WO.sub.3 /MoO.sub.

Abstract: A device for switching a combustion engine from a propelling mode to a braking mode, wherein the combustion engine has at least one intake valve and at least one exhaust valve per cylinder, includes a cam shaft for actuating the intake and exhaust valves of each cylinder and a hydraulic linkage made of transmitting pistons and receiving pistons for connecting the cam shaft to the intake and exhaust valves of each cylinder. The cam shaft has a first intake cam for actuating a first transmitting piston and a second intake cam for actuating a second transmitting piston, the first and the second transmitting pistons controlling the intake valve, and a first exhaust cam for actuating a third transmitting piston and a second exhaust cam for actuating a fourth transmitting piston, the third and fourth transmitting pistons controlling the exhaust valves. A control system has a non-rotatable control slide connected between the transmitting and receiving pistons.

Abstract: A cross-section controlled multi-jet injection valve for an air-distributor injection in air-compressing combustion engines is provided. In order to fulfill the more stringent requirements and standards for exhaust fume quality it is necessary to provide a homogenous fuel/air mixture. This is achieved with a valve needle which is provided with an axially and radially oriented key. Due to this key a favorable ratio of injection cross-section to circumference of the respective cross-section is achieved. Accordingly, a division of the injection jet and a mixing with air is provided. Due to correspondingly adjusted pressure springs the injection pressure at varying amounts of fuel to be injected is kept constant which furthermore provides a constant homogeneity of the fuel/air mixture. Thus an excellent exhaust fume quality is obtained for the entire performance range.

Abstract: A cylinder head sealing arrangement for reciprocating piston engines, especially internal combustion engines. An end of each cylinder liner that faces a cylinder head is provided with a raised collar that includes a centering portion. A preferably metallic combustion chamber seal in the form of a ring having a constant thickness in a starting position is guided with clearance fit. When cylinder head screws are tightened, the ring undergoes a plastic deformation of at least one end face. The ring has an inner surface that is guided relative to the centering portion only via a cylindrical guide region of the ring or the raised collar. The free space between the ring and the centering portion increases continuously proceeding from the guide region so that after plastic deformation the ring rests flat upon the cylinder liner beyond the region of a radius that defines a transition between the liner and the collar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an injection system for air-compressing combustion engines. In order to reduce the combustion noise of diesel combustion engines it has been suggested to divide the injection step into a pre-injection and main injection. In order to improve the velocity of the injection quantity increase during partial load and/or at low revolutions per minute it is suggested that a pressure wave generator is arranged downstream of the injection pump and to further provide a volume reservoir in parallel to the pressure wave generator. The pressure wave generator ensures that the passage of the injection line is opened only when a predetermined pressure has been reached. After opening of the pressure wave generator the pressure will not drop as quickly since fuel will be supplied by the volume reservoir even when the injection pump has only a low piston velocity.

Abstract: A level control system for an omnibus, especially a low-loading omnibus, having an omnibus body supported on axles and wheel suspension, is comprised of a compressed air system that is self-contained for each axle. The following vertical adjustments are possible: during a stop of the omnibus at a bus stop, the omnibus body is pivoted about a longitudinal median floor level axis for lowering the omnibus body at a passenger boarding side and the opposite side is raised by internally pumping the compressed air from the pneumatic springs of the boarding side to the pneumatic springs on the opposite side at each axle. After the completion of the stop at the bus stop, the compressed air is returned to the pneumatic springs on the boarding side so that the omnibus resumes its normal position. In this manner, the compressed air is kept in a self-contained system and is not lost to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An arrangement for heating the passenger area of a vehicle. To increase the heating efficiency without requiring the use of more fuel, disposed upstream of the exhaust gas heat exchanger is a catalytic converter that particularly during idling and in a partial load range provides additional thermal energy via secondary combustion of unburned hydrocarbons. To regulate the heat flow that is transferred to the warm water circuit, an exhaust gas diverter is provided that can be controlled by thermal-lug switches in such a way that when heat is required, it can divert the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas heat exchanger or, when too much heat is being supplied from the cooling water and the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas is conveyed directly to the atmosphere via the muffler.

Abstract: A basic frame which may be arranged on the carrying chassis of a truck is provided. The basic frame, which is not described in detail, has a hollow beam and struts with supports at their ends that slide in the hollow beam. When the struts are extended the supports may be lowered to the ground so that military equipment such as a rocket launcher or signaling devices mounted on the basic frame, may project to the side without the truck being likely to topple over.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decelerating a marine propulsion system during an emergency stop maneuver is provided. In order to achieve a faster reversal of the direction of rotation of a propeller shaft an engine brake is activated before switching the three shaft birotatory reduction gear system in order to decelerate the engaged and rotating gear system parts effectively. Only when the rotation of the gear system parts has been reduced to a predetermined number of revolutions the gear system is switched to the reversed direction of rotation by a control switch on the bridge so that the propeller shaft is rotating in the reversed direction of rotation and subsequently the number of revolutions of the combustion engine is increased to full load. The emergency stop maneuver may be performed in a very short period of time with the proposed method. The apparatus comprises a motor brake having a throttle valve eccentrically supported in the exhaust pipe of the combustion engine.

Abstract: An outlet valve lifter for internal combustion engine is described. In order to increase the braking power of the internal combustion engine it is necessary that the outlet valve is opened during the compression cycle. Advantageously, this is achieved by a hydraulic outlet valve lifter which is actuated by an external pressure source. Due to the pressure of the compressed air shortly before the ignition top dead center position great forces are acting on the outlet valve and accordingly on the outlet valve lifter. These forces, in the form of hydraulic pressure, act via the inner portion of the outlet valve lifter on the external pressure source and may cause damage. Therefore, the outlet valve lifter is provided with an inner portion which is lifted by a certain stroke due to the pressure actuation via a second pressure chamber so that the outlet valve opens.

Abstract: A bearing for compensating masses for compensation of forces due to inertia as well as moments of inertia is in the form of a constructive unit made of the compensating masses and the support, whereby the outer mantle surface of the compensating masses provide the support surface. Furthermore, the compensating masses and the gear wheel comprise a unit whereby the exact angular coordination of crank shaft and compensating mass is ensured. The bearing arrangement results in a secondary mass compensation.

Abstract: A motor brake for air-compressing internal combustion engines is provided. To improve the braking power of the engine, it is proposed to combine a motor brake having a butterfly valve to throttle engine exhaust with a motor brake where an exhaust valve, in addition to the cam drive, can be raised slightly during the exhaust stroke via a piston. With this inventive combination, braking work can be performed not only in the exhaust stroke, but also in the compression stroke, so that the braking power can be increased by about 50 to 60%, and relative to conventional exhaust brakes by about 80 to 90%, and is increased to the order of magnitude of the effective engine power.

Abstract: A seat back for use in private or commercial vehicles is disclosed constituting a pulsation cushion formed having a plurality of expandable chambers interconnected by pressure limiting valves. The valves are responsive to fluid under pressure to produce a sequential rolling wave in the chambers to modify the cross-sectional amplitude of the seat back in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction thereby to massage the back of a person occupying the seat. An adjustable pulsing device is provided to control the supply rate of the fluid and the frequency and amplitude of pulsation.

Abstract: A motor brake for an air-compressing internal combustion engine is provided. A hydraulic linkage system is disposed between a cam and an exhaust valve, and communicates via a connecting line with a high-speed solenoid valve and a linkage oil compensating system of an engine lubricating-oil circuit. A control valve is disposed in an exhaust manifold of the engine and upon actuation of the motor brake partially closes off the exhaust manifold along with activation of the solenoid valve. Via the interposition of a control unit, signals of at least one sensor are conveyed to a solenoid of the solenoid valve in such a way that, upon actuation of the motor brake during a specific time interval during lifting of a valve tappet via a projection of the cam in a compression phase, the solenoid valve is closed. The time interval is derived via processing of signals of the sensor formed from the cam position and camshaft speed.

Abstract: A device for compensating secondary moments of inertia in five-cylinder in-line combustion engines is provided. With in-line combustion engines having an uneven number of cylinders secondary moments of inertia occur and must be eliminated. This problem is solved by providing compensating masses of the Lanchester type separate from one another and supported in respective bearing housings that are connected to the crank case. The individual compensating masses are driven via the third and the eight crank web of the crank shaft since these are free of compensating masses of the first order. The first and second compensating masses, viewed in the direction of the star-like crank throw arrangement, are displaced in the same direction by the same amount so that the secondary forces due to inertia do not generate an additional torque about the crank shaft. The device may be advantageously incorporated into existing combustion engines.