Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for scanning a surface of an object, transversely to a direction of motion. A scanner is provided for flying over the object at a flight altitude and flight velocity, having a system focal length, a scanning element rotating at a rotation speed which scans a surface over a scanning angle and a detector row, arranged at right angles to the scanning direction. A detector row is provided with a plurality of equal size individual detectors, which are capable of generating fundamental object pixels of a size which depends upon the distance from the object up to a maximum scanning distance. A standard object pixel, of a size corresponding to a fundamental object pixel, is driven at the maximum scanning distance. For each scanning sweep, via a sampling process, a uniform grid is formed which is composed of standard object pixels of a size corresponding to a fundamental object pixel at the maximum scanning distance in several lines and without gaps and/or overlaps.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recognizing a crash, in a vehicle by measuring vehicle speed change continuously within a limited time periods and comparing the measured values with those determined in prior time periods. Acceleration can be differentiated out by means of the above-mentioned process/arrangement and can be evaluated if, in the case of a high-speed and low-speed crash, it should not be possible to differentiate sufficiently by means of the partial speed difference. Different partial speed differences (by means of observation periods of different durations) can be measured and compared in order to permit ignition in the case of slower (oblique) crashes only within a limited time window in the initial phase of the crash.

Abstract: An electronic milbus repeater circuit for expanding the capacity of a two-wire bus used for the transmission of data. By means of logic circuitry of the Milbus repeater according to the invention, data received by the Milbus repeater is distributed between the secondary Milbus and the Milbus repeater's own internal bus according to the coded address and subaddress of each data transmission.

Abstract: A triggering circuit for a safety device, such as an air bag or a belt tightening device, such as an air bag or a belt tightening device, for the protection of motor vehicle occupants during an impact of the motor vehicle. The triggering circuit has a redundant arrangement of at least two acceleration sensors with mutually independent analyzing circuits, and all acceleration sensors with their analyzing circuits are connected with one another by way of an electric AND-circuit.

Abstract: A micromechanical actuator is suggested, the movable part of which, such as the diaphragm, the bending bar or a similar device, can be moved relative to a stationary part by a combination of electromagnetic and electrostatic forces. The manufacturing techniques and the applications of the actuator are described. The construction is very compact, that is, highly integrated.

Abstract: A frequency-selective surface structure for narrow-band filtering of electromagnetic waves, comprising a fully wave-reflective surface perforated by H-shaped slot elements each consisting of end limiting bars and a connecting bar extending transversely with respect to the limiting bars. The end limiting bars of the individual slot elements each have essentially the same length as the connecting bar and have a bar length of approximately one fourth of the operating wave length.

Abstract: Integrated microsystem comprising electrical and nonelectrical, particularly optical functions in a laser system, wherein a base comprising anisotropically etchable semiconducting material on which etching structures for receiving optical and/or electro-optical and electrical/electronic and/or fluidic and/or mechanical elements or their mountings are arranged in predetermined distances and/or levels, as well as integrated switching circuits, and that at least a part of the optical, electro-optical or mechanical elements or their mounting is controllable and movable electrically in such a way that its position relative to the base is actively changeable, and that at least one sensor is provided which determines the effect of the position change on the function of at least a part of a microsystem and supplies a signal for repeated readjustment (self-adjusting) of optical elements and their mounting.

Abstract: In this optical imaging system the same object section is imaged by optical means on three spatially separate image planes. Surface sensors A, B, C of identical width which in turn comprise optoelectronic sensor elements arranged in the manner of a matrix are arranged in the three image planes at a distance from one another in parallel rows and are offset relative to one another from one row to the other. The three grids of surface sensors which are accordingly formed are offset relative to one another from one image plane to the other in such a way that the object section is detected without gaps by means of the surface sensors A, B and C during optical superposition. Thus, large surface area pictures with high resolution can be taken with the use of conventional surface sensors, e.g. of the CCD type. Due to the special arrangement of the surface sensors, three image planes with the corresponding optical means, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a clamping element for holding electronic boards inserted in parallel to one another into an electronic rack. The arrangement removes waste heat from the electronic boards to the rack housing by heat conduction and via heat exchangers. A clamping element is proposed for this purpose, which substantially reduces the thermal resistance and consequently the temperature difference caused by heat conduction between the electronic board and the housing rack, and which also permits variable, defined adjustable clamping forces, and which is designed as an optical clamping control indicator.

Abstract: The invention is directed to apparatus whose weapon efficiency is effected in cooperation via a highly compressed magnetic field, wherein the base magnetic field is maintained or increased beforehand by magnetohydrodynamic generator stages which are operated by propelling charges and/or explosives.

Abstract: A micromechanical structure with cavities, containers, openings, canals, depressions, humps or the like for examinations of sample substances for possible changes of physical and/or chemical properties with targeted evaluation and documentation for the purposes of biotechnology, gene technology, cell and immune research and other medical, agricultural and environment research, where the structure consists of semiconducting material (of the group III to V of the elements of the periodic system) or contain the latter or glass or ceramic, diamond, or carbon and is made by a masking technique, especially by a chemical etching technique.

Abstract: Device for determining distances in the close range (under 100 m), hereby characterized in that both light pulses and high-frequency pulses are transmitted and received and the correct distance is determined in an evaluating device in a simple way and with reliability under nearly all atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: A thermal insulation system 1, especially for low-temperature containers, formed of at least two multilayer mats 4 and 5, which are made from fiber mats 8 and are separated by a gas-tight film 6. The inner multilayer mat 4 arranged directly on the container wall 2 is filled with a gas, which cannot condense during operation and whose pressure can be adjusted to the actual ambient pressure. The outer multilayer mat 5 is filled with the ambient gas, generally air or nitrogen, and the pressure is adjusted to the ambient pressure. The multilayer mats 4 and 5 may be further subdivided by reflecting films 7 that are permeable to gas.

Abstract: A device for firing projectiles (9) through an electrically heated plasma including a combustion chamber (12) which is provided on the breech side and the muzzle side with an electrode each, between which an arc generating plasma burns. A cartridge (18), which contains a material that decomposes into a low-molecular-weight gas under the effect of the arc, can be introduced into the combustion chamber (12). A current conductor, which connects a breech-side electrode (10) to the muzzle-side electrode (7) extending annularly around the muzzle-side end of the cartridge (18), is arranged in the longitudinal axis of the cartridge (18). The current conductor (20) consists of a plurality of strands (21) which extend radially to the outside from the longitudinal axis toward the annular electrode (7) at least at the muzzle-size end of the cartridge (18).

Abstract: A memory arrangement that includes a static memory cell with two MOSFETs that are connected such that an input signal for setting the memory cell is applied to one MOSFET, and the output of the other MOSFET is connected to the input of the first MOSFET, so that one MOSFET is always conductive while the other is blocked. The two MOSFETs are connected with positive feedback. In each case, the gate electrode is connected to a voltage equal to half the battery voltage. The source electrode of the first (N channel) MOSFET forms the input of the memory cell. The drain electrode of the first MOSFET is connected to the source electrode of the second (P channel) MOSFET. The blocking resistance of the drain-substrate diode of the first MOSFET is greater than the blocking resistance of the source-substrate diode of the second MOSFET. Also, the output voltage of the first (N channel) MOSFET is greater than the sum of the gate voltage and the threshold voltage of the second (P channel) MOSFET.

Abstract: The electro-optic measurement tapping device for a motion sensor movably arranged in a receptacle which can be rotated about a shaft, the deflection of the motion sensor from an initial position being detected and measured. The motiond detector has, on a side facing the rotating shaft of the receptacle, a scale provided with different optical characteristics in code form. In an axial bore of the rotating shaft, at least one fiber-optical light guide is arranged, one end of which is directed to the scale and the other end of which is directed to an electro-optic component, the electro-optic component being fixedly connected with a housing part bearing the rotating shaft of the receptacle.

Abstract: An injection module for a subammunition container, of the type in which subammunitions, ejected transversely to the flight direction of the subammunition container, are situated in front of driving devices which are actuated by gas-generator-driven ejecting pistons. The ejecting pistons are arranged transversely with respect to the flight direction, and may extend along half the width or the full width of the ejecting module. The gas generator may be arranged transversely or longitudinally of the flight direction.

Abstract: A process for joining variously shaped vacuum heat insulating elements having edges adapted to be butted against each other or to overlap each other. A bellows is tightly connected with each vacuum heat insulating element in the area of its edges, the free edge of the bellows projecting beyond the element. The heat insulating elements are positioned such that the edges of the bellows rest against one another in an aligned manner or overlap, and the bellows are tightly connected with one another. The heat insulating elements are then moved against one another until their edges rest against one another or overlap, and are tightly connected with one another. The gap at the joint formed between the heat insulating elements and the bellows is evacuated and closed off tightly.

Abstract: A pressed explosive charge with high performance capacity and low sensitivity has a plastic binder with a Shore A hardness of less than 20.

Abstract: In a method for the preparation of surfaces of workpieces of composite fiber materials, which are to be subjected to a subsequent gluing or coating process, a wet chemical pretreatment of the surface in question is carried out with a solution, which contains a proportion of peroxodisulfate ions.