Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises, in order from an object, a first lens group (G1) having a positive refractive power, a second lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power, a third lens group (G3) having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens group (G4) having a positive refractive power and a succeeding lens group (GR). In the zoom optical system, upon zooming, distances between adjacent lens groups change, and the succeeding lens group (GR) includes a plurality of focusing lens groups that have positive refractive powers and move upon focusing.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a spatial light modulator, a calculation unit configured to calculate positions of first connection portions of a first semiconductor chip provided on a substrate and positions of second connection portions of a second semiconductor chip provided on the substrate, based on a first position measurement result, a second position measurement result, and design information of the first connection portions and the second connection portions, the first position measurement result being a measurement result of positions of measurement points on the first semiconductor chip, the second position measurement result being a measurement result of positions of measurement points on the second semiconductor chip, and an exposure processing unit configured to control the spatial light modulator based on a calculation result by the calculation unit so as to expose wiring patterns connecting the first connection portions and the second connection portions.

Abstract: An optical glass comprising: by cation %, more than 0% and up to 40% of a content rate of La3+; 15% to 65% of a content rate of Ti4+; and more than 0% and up to 20% of a content rate of Zr4+; wherein a refractive index (nd) with respect to a d-line is from 2.00 to 2.35.

Abstract: A first image is projective transformed into a reference image by using a projective transformation matrix on each pixel of the first image. A projective transformation matrix for transforming a tilted image n into a central image G0 is computed based on positions of combinations of twelve corresponding points indicated in a combination of the central image G0 with the tilted image n. The computed projective transformation matrix is then employed to perform a projective transformation of the tilted image n. A projective-transformed tilted image n1 is created thereby.

Abstract: A device includes an image processing unit configured to calculate color information of at least one cell in a captured image and a determination unit configured to determine a cultured state of the cell on the basis of the color information calculated by the image processing unit.

Abstract: A compound represented by Formula (1). [In the formula, X represents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group, R1 represents any one group selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a group represented by Formula (R2-1), and a group represented by Formula (R2-2), R2 represents a group represented by Formula (R2-1) or (R2-2), n0 represents an integer of 0 or greater, n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n2 represents a natural number of 1 to 5.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group disposed on an image side of the first lens group, a positive third lens group disposed on an image side of the second lens group, a negative fourth lens group disposed on an image side of the third lens group, and a final lens group disposed on an image side of the fourth lens group and closest to an image. During zooming, distances between lens groups change, and the first lens group moves along an optical axis. A negative focusing lens group is provided, and the final lens group is disposed on an image side of the focusing lens group. A negative vibration proof group of the second lens group may include, in order from an object, a negative lens, an air gap and a cemented lens of a negative lens and a positive lens. The final lens group may have negative refractive power.

Abstract: Provided are ITO particles having a non-rectangular parallelepiped shape and an aligned crystal orientation inside particles.

Abstract: An image processing device includes: a processor; and a memory encoded with instructions executed by the processor, including: imaging pluripotent stem cells with time in a culture process and acquiring a plurality of images, extracting a colony region of the cells from the image, extracting a high luminance region on the basis of a group of pixels with larger luminance values than a standard value from among pixels constituting the image, extracting an extraction target region with relatively high contrast in the colony region on the basis of the colony and high luminance regions, and outputting the extraction target region as an extraction result, wherein as a relationship among the colony, high luminance, and extraction target regions, the colony region is formed, the high luminance region is then formed therein, and the extraction target region is then formed in the high luminance region in the culture process of the cells.

Abstract: A light amplification apparatus includes: an optical fiber amplification unit that amplifies two pulse laser light having at least a first wavelength ?1 and a second wavelength ?2 that are different from each other while propagating the two pulse laser light with a time difference and outputs first amplified light and second amplified light that are amplified light of the pulse laser light; and an optical distance adjustment unit that differentiates optical distances at which the first amplified light and the second amplified light that are emitted from the optical fiber amplification unit propagate and superimposes the first amplified light and the second amplified light on each other.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus exposes an object to pattern light generated by a spatial light modulator having a plurality of elements in accordance with drawing data. The exposure apparatus includes a data output unit configured to output the drawing data to the spatial light modulator, an illumination optical system configured to irradiate the spatial light modulator with illumination light, a first movable body configured to hold the object, a projection optical system configured to project an image of the pattern light generated by the spatial light modulator onto the object, a detection unit configured to detect the image of the pattern light that has been projected, and a determination unit configured to determine whether the spatial light modulator is capable of generating pattern light in accordance with the drawing data output from the data output unit, based on a detection result of the detection unit.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes an illumination optical system, a spatial light modulator illuminated by light from the illumination optical system, a projection optical system that irradiates an exposure target with light emitted from the spatial light modulator, a stage on which the exposure target is placed to perform a relative movement between the exposure target and the projection optical system relative to each other in a predetermined scanning direction, and a controller that has a storage in which information relating to exposure pattern is stored and controls exposure for the exposure target. The controller controls the exposure for the exposure target so that a first step of performing a first exposure based on the information relating to the exposure pattern and a second step of performing a second exposure based on at least a portion of the information relating to the exposure pattern used in the first step are executed.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts light to generate an electric charge; a holding unit that holds the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit; an accumulation unit that accumulates the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit; a first transfer path that transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit to the accumulation unit; and a second transfer path that transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit to the accumulation unit via the holding unit.

Abstract: An image capturing element includes a first substrate having a plurality of pixel blocks including at least one pixel, the plurality of pixel blocks being arranged to be aligned in a row direction and a column direction, and a second substrate having a plurality of control blocks including a conversion unit which converts a signal output from the pixel into a digital signal and a through electrode unit configured to output the signal converted into the digital signal by the conversion unit, the plurality of control blocks being arranged to be aligned in the row direction and the column direction.

Abstract: A blade member on a surface of which a groove structure is formed, wherein the groove structure includes a plurality of first groove structures, a plurality of second groove structures, and a third groove structure, the plurality of first groove structures are formed to extend in a first direction, the plurality of second groove structures are formed to extend in a second direction that is different from the first direction, the third groove structure extends along a third direction that is different from the first and second directions, and is formed between one first groove structure and one second groove structure.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes: an illumination optical system; a spatial light modulator; a projection optical system that illuminates an exposure target with light emitted from the spatial light modulator; and a stage where the exposure target is placed, wherein by the stage moving the exposure target in a predetermined scan direction, the light illuminates the exposure target by the projection optical system scans on the exposure target, the spatial light modulator includes a plurality of mirrors that rotates around a tilt axis extending in a direction orthogonal to both the scan and an optical axis directions of the projection optical system, the mirrors become an ON state by adjusting a tilt of each mirror relative to the scan direction and thereby emit light to the system, and the exposure apparatus includes an angle adjustment mechanism that adjusts a tilt angle of the spatial light modulator relative to the scan direction.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes an exposure module that includes a spatial light modulator and projects and exposes pattern light generated by the spatial light modulator onto a substrate, and a determination unit configured to, when a plurality of substrates scheduled to be arranged on a substrate holder include a first substrate having a defect, determine a plurality of substrates to be arranged on the substrate holder from the plurality of substrates scheduled to be arranged on the substrate holder, based on a predetermined handling method for the first substrate.

Abstract: An encoder device including a position detection unit for detecting position information of a moving part; a magnet having a plurality of polarities along a moving direction of the moving part; and an electric signal generation unit for generating an electric signal, based on a magnetic characteristic of a magnetosensitive part, the electric signal generation unit having the magnetosensitive part whose magnetic characteristic is changed by a change in magnetic field associated with relative movement to the magnet, wherein the magnetosensitive part is disposed so that the magnetosensitive part is spaced apart from a side surface of the magnet in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction and a length direction of the magnetosensitive part is orthogonal to tangential directions of at least some of magnetic field lines of the magnet.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes first and second yokes each having a length in an optical axis direction, a third yoke that has a length in the optical axis direction and is disposed between the first and second yokes, first and second magnets disposed on the first and second yokes, respectively, a coil that is penetrated by the third yoke and is movable in the optical axis direction by magnetic forces of the first and second magnets, and a lens holding frame that holds a lens and is movable together with the coil in the optical axis direction, wherein a first plane including a first side surface, which is farther from the third yoke, of the first yoke intersects with a second plane including a second side surface, which is farther from the third yoke, of the second yoke.

Abstract: A plurality of pixels PX include effective pixels and optical black pixels. Signal lines VL are provided corresponding to each column of the pixels PX and supplied with output signals of the pixels PX of the corresponding column. Clip transistors CL are provided corresponding to the respective signal lines VL and limit a potential of the corresponding vertical signal lines VL based on a gate potential. At least in a predetermined operating mode, a potential Vclip_dark is supplied to a gate of one of the clip transistors CL corresponding to at least one pixel column formed of the optical black pixels when reading a noise level from the pixels PX corresponding to the clip transistors CL and when reading a data level from the pixels PX corresponding to the clip transistors CL.