Abstract: To improve the throughput of substrate bonding. A substrate bonding apparatus that bonds first and second substrates so that contact regions in which the first and second substrates contact are formed in parts of the first and second substrates and the contact regions enlarge from the parts, the apparatus including: a detecting unit detecting information about the contact regions; and a determining unit determining that the first and second substrates can be carried out based on the information detected at the detecting unit. In the substrate bonding apparatus, the information may be information, a value of which changes according to progress of enlargement of the contact regions, and the determining unit may determine that the first and second substrates can be carried out if the value becomes constant or if a rate of changes in the value becomes lower than a predetermined value.

Abstract: An image display method executed by a processor comprises displaying a screen including a two-dimensional fundus image of an examined eye and a three-dimensional eyeball image of the examined eye, finding a second region in the three-dimensional eyeball image that corresponds to a first region specified in the two-dimensional fundus image, and displaying a mark indicating the second region in the three-dimensional eyeball image.

Abstract: A terahertz light detector includes: a light reception unit that receives terahertz light from a measured object; a pulse laser that generates pulse light; an optical member which the pulse light enters; and a control unit that controls the energy of the pulse light which enters the optical member, wherein the optical member has anomalous dispersion, and the light reception unit outputs a signal that is dependent on an intensity of terahertz light when the pulse light emitted from the optical member enters the light reception unit.

Abstract: An accessory includes: a detection terminal; a first power supply terminal through which a first power supply voltage is supplied; a second power supply terminal through which a second power supply voltage is supplied; a ground terminal; a ready terminal; a first clock terminal; a first data terminal; a second data terminal; a second clock terminal; a third data terminal; a first circuit to which the first power supply voltage is supplied through the first power supply terminal; and a second circuit to which the second power supply voltage is supplied through the second power supply terminal, wherein: the ground terminal is used as a ground potential for the first circuit and the second circuit; and a distance between the second clock terminal and the first power supply terminal is longer than a distance between the first clock terminal and the first power supply terminal.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a determination unit configured to determine a type of autophagy induced in a cell, based on information indicative of autophagic activity in the cell present in a cell image in which the cell is image captured and based on information indicative of congestion of molecules in the cell present in the cell image.

Abstract: A quantitative phase image generating method for a microscope, includes: irradiating an object with illumination light; disposing a focal point of an objective lens at each of a plurality of positions that are mutually separated by gaps ?z along an optical axis of the objective lens, and detecting light from the object; generating sets of light intensity distribution data corresponding to each of the plurality of positions based upon the detected light; and generating a quantitative phase image based upon the light intensity distribution data; wherein the gap ?z is set based upon setting information of the microscope.

Abstract: A camera body with which it is possible to improve the effect of shake correction, a camera accessory, and an information transmission method wherein the camera body to which a camera accessory can be detachably mounted, and includes: a movable section which is movable to correct shaking of the camera body; a detection unit which detects the shake and outputs a detection signal; a calculation unit which, on the basis of the detection signal, calculates an amount of movement of the movable section; and a transmission unit which transmits, to the camera accessory, body-side information the calculation unit uses to calculate the amount of movement.

Abstract: A microscope includes: an illumination optical system which irradiates a specimen with excitation light; a detector which detects fluorescence emitted from the specimen; and an observation optical system which guides fluorescence to the detector and includes: a first optical filter having wavelength reflection and transmission characteristics that vary depending on where light enters; a second optical filter disposed in an optical path of light reflected by the first optical filter, having a boundary wavelength of transmission changing with respect to a position along a first direction, and transmitting light having a wavelength longer than a first boundary wavelength at where the reflected light enters; and a third optical filter disposed in the optical path and having a boundary wavelength of transmission changing with respect to a position along the first direction, and transmitting light having a wavelength shorter than a second boundary wavelength at where the reflected light enters.

Abstract: An electronic device including a generation unit, a reception unit, a storage unit, and a control unit. The generation unit generates data. The reception unit receives, from an external device, position information related to a position. The storage unit stores the received position information. The control unit determines an elapsed length of time that has passed since the reception unit received the position information. In response to the elapsed length of time being less than a predetermined length of time, the control unit correlates the generated data with the stored position information. In response to the elapsed length of time being greater than or equal to the predetermined length of time, the control unit transmits a request, to the external device, to transmit updated position information, and correlates the generated data with the updated position information.

Abstract: An image reconstruction method, includes: generating differential data indicating a difference between detection data generated by detecting X-ray that passed through a measurement object by irradiating X-rays to the measurement object and estimate data generated by estimating X-rays that are assumed to have been passed through an estimated structure having been generated by estimating a shape of the measurement object; and generating an image using the differential data and the estimated structure.

Abstract: An image sensor including a pixel that includes: a first photoelectric conversion unit and a second photoelectric conversion unit, each of which generates an electric charge through photoelectric conversion of light; an output unit that outputs a first signal generated based upon the electric charge generated in the first photoelectric conversion unit and a second signal generated based upon an electric charge generated in the second photoelectric conversion unit; and an adjustment unit that adjusts a capacitance at the output unit upon outputting of the first signal and the second signal from the output unit.

Abstract: An encoder device including a position detection unit for detecting position information of a moving part; a magnet having a plurality of polarities along a moving direction of the moving part; and an electric signal generation unit for generating an electric signal, based on a magnetic characteristic of a magnetosensitive part, the electric signal generation unit having the magnetosensitive part whose magnetic characteristic is changed by a change in magnetic field associated with relative movement to the magnet, wherein the magnetosensitive part is disposed so that the magnetosensitive part is spaced apart from a side surface of the magnet in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction and a length direction of the magnetosensitive part is orthogonal to tangential directions of at least some of magnetic field lines of the magnet.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: an imaging unit including a region having a pixel group that has a plurality of first pixels, and second pixels that are fewer than the first pixels in the pixel group; and a control unit that reads out the signals based upon exposure of the second pixels during exposure of the plurality of first pixels.

Abstract: A current observation area is determined exploratorily from among a plurality of candidate areas, on the basis of a plurality of observed areas in a biological tissue. A plurality of reference images obtained by means of low-magnification observation of the biological tissue are utilized at this time. A learning image is acquired by means of high-magnification observation of the determined current observation area. A plurality of convolution filters included in an estimator can be utilized to evaluate the plurality of candidate areas.

Abstract: To determine the state of a subject person with a simple structure, an image determining device includes: an imaging unit that captures an image from a first direction, the image including the subject person; a first detector that detects size information from the image, the size information being about the subject person in the first direction; a second detector that detects position-related information, the position-related information being different from the information detected by the first detector; and a determining unit that determines the state of the subject person, based on a result of the detection performed by the first detector and a result of the detection performed by the second detector.

Abstract: A processing system includes: a processing apparatus configured to process an object; a measurement apparatus configured to measure a three-dimensional shape of a part of the object; and a control apparatus configured to control the processing apparatus, the control apparatus controls the processing based on three-dimensional shape information of a second area of a surface of the object, three-dimensional shape information is calculated based on a measured result obtained by measuring a first area of the surface of the object by using the measurement apparatus and model information representing a three-dimensional model of at least a part of the object, the three-dimensional shape information of the second area is calculated without performing a measurement of a three-dimensional shape of the second area by the measurement apparatus, at least a part of the second area is processed by the processing apparatus based on the three-dimensional shape information of the second area.

Abstract: An element includes a plurality of light-receiving elements to photoelectrically convert light received from an object, a convolution processing unit to perform convolution operation on signals that are output from the plurality of light-receiving elements, and a pooling processing unit to sample a signal that is output from the convolution processing unit, based on a predetermined condition. The convolution operation of the convolution processing unit and the sampling of the pooling processing unit are repeated.

Abstract: A method of analyzing neurons includes: identifying a cell region by identifying a region of a neurite or a region of a cell body of a neuron on the basis of time-series images obtained by imaging the neuron in time series; detecting aggregates by imaging, in time series, first fluorescent protein tagged to specific protein expressed in the neuron and detecting presence or absence of aggregates of the specific protein aggregated in the region of the neurite or the region of the cell body identified in the identifying the cell region on the basis of luminance of the first fluorescent protein included in the time-series images; and performing an analysis by classifying the neuron into a plurality of groups on the basis of a detection result of the detecting the aggregates and analyzing a survival state of the neuron for each of the groups.

Abstract: An imaging head includes: a deflection optical system configured to deflect light from at least a part of a melt pool part, the melt pool part is formed on the object by an irradiation with a processing beam from the processing head; an imaging apparatus configured to optically receive the light deflected by the deflection optical system to capture an image of at least a part of the melt pool part; and a supply unit configured to supply gas from a gas supply apparatus to at least a part of an optical surface of the deflection optical system.

Abstract: An objective lens (OL) comprises, disposed in order from an object: a positive lens (L11); a negative meniscus lens (L12) cemented to the positive lens (L11) and having a concave surface facing the object; and a positive meniscus lens (L13) having a concave surface facing the object; wherein the objective lens satisfies following conditional expressions 2.03?n1m?2.30 and 20??1m, where, n1m: a refractive index of the negative meniscus lens (L12) with respect to a d-line, and ?1m: an Abbe number of the negative meniscus lens (L12).