Abstract: A connection establishment method for establishing a random access type connection using a random access channel, which is used in a radio system having several subscriber terminal equipments (37 to 38) and base stations (33 to 36) where one or more transceiver units (40 to 47) operate, and in which system connection establishment between one of the subscriber terminal equipments (37 to 38) and the base station (33 to 36) is possible when the one subscriber terminal equip nt (37 to 38) is situated in the coverage area of one or more transceiver units (40 to 47) of the base station, where the one subscriber terminal equipment (3 to 38) evaluates the quality of the connections to be established. Starting from a condition in which no connection is established with the one subscriber terminal equipment, the one subscriber terminal equipment (37 to 38) forms a random access type connection to more than one base station transceiver unit (40 to 47) included in one or more base stations (33 to 38).

Abstract: The invention relates to a receiving method and a receiver. In the method, in order to remove interference of a received composite signal, narrowband interfering signal estimates corresponding to the interfering signals are subtracted from a narrowband composite signal. The narrowband interfering signal estimates are generated in the interference cancellation primitives of the receiver by multiplying a detected bit of the interfering signal by a cross correlation and a channel estimate of spreading codes.

Abstract: In a method for performing a phase comparison, and a phase comparator, two binary signals are compared using two functionally similar asynchronous state machines, which generate two output signals used for controlling a phase. A first state machine is fed a first signal to be compared, an output signal of a second state machine and a handshaking signal of the second state machine. The second state machine is fed a second signal to be compared, an output signal of the first state machine and a handshaking signal of the first state machine. The two state machines activate their respective handshaking signals after detecting activation of the signal to be compared. The handshaking signal ensures the logical operation of the phase comparator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and equipment for network independent clocking in a telecommunication system, particularly in data transmission where the maximum data rate on a traffic channel is equal to the user data rate. In the invention a transmitter compares the network independent clock and the network clock to detect a slip and, upon detecting a slip, performs compensation of the network independent clock by changing the number of the redundant bits in user data. The user data is transmitted through a traffic channel to a receiver. The receiver, upon detecting the network independent clock compensation in the received user data, restores the original redundancy and temporarily adjusts the network independent clock so as to compensate for the change caused by the restoration of the redundancy in the outbound user data stream.

Abstract: A multistage detector is disclosed that maximizes computation power while minimizing system delay. The differencing multistage detector receives signals from a plurality of users in a cell of a communications system and reduces the effect of multiple access interference to a signal from a desired user caused by interference from other users in the cell. The differencing multistage detector includes a plurality of stages, each stage including an interference canceller for removing intra-cell interference caused by the other users in the cell and producing an estimation output vector, wherein except for a first stage, the estimation output vector of a current stage is based on both a decision of the interference canceller of the current stage and the output from an interference canceller of a previous stage. The estimation output vector of a current stage is produced by combining the output from an interference canceller of a previous stage and the decision of the interference canceller of the current stage.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, at least at one exchange at least one state model or a service-specific portion of the state model, such as a call segment is formed for each service associated with the same party (A, B) of the same call, with which portion a connection to the control point of the intelligent network service is operatively associated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of optimizing transmission, and a transmitter receiving digital signals, in which the transmitter is used in a radio system to optimally transmit the signals. The transmitter includes modulation means arranged to modulate the received signals, and converter means for converting the digital signal into an analog signal before signal transmission. The position of the signal received by the converter means within the dynamic range of the converter means affects optimality of the signal obtained from the conversion. The transmitter further include means for generating weighting coefficients, and means for weighting each modulated signal by a specific weighting coefficient so as to set the mutual power levels of the signals into predetermined relations and to optimally dispose the signals within the dynamic range of the converter means.

Abstract: A method, system, and article of manufacture for generating at least two priority levels for a Nominal Bit Rate (NBR) based on at least two relative priorities defined by a customer and transmitting packets of information via a network with one of the at least two priority levels. The packets are transmitted from one network access unit to another network access unit. The network can be a SIMA network or other networks, such as a conventional IP (Internet Protocol) or ATM network. The method, system, and article of manufacture can also be used between the SIMA network and other networks to improve interoperability therebetween.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for controlling the local operation of a mobile station are characterized in that a mobile station specific group of special cells is formed from selected network cells. The information on a group of special cells is transmitted to the mobile station via a radio path and the operation of the mobile station is controlled on the basis of the group of special cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cellular packet radio network and to a method for updating a routing area in a packet radio network. Packet radio support nodes (SGSN) are connected to a digital cellular radio network (BSS), which provides a radio interface for the support nodes for packet-switched data transmission between the support nodes and mobile stations. There is a logical link between a mobile station (MS) and a serving packet radio support node (SGSN). The packet radio network utilized logical routing areas, each of which comprises one or more cell. Each cell broadcasts information on the routing area to which it belongs. The mobile station sends a routing area update request to the packet radio network when it roams to a new cell which belongs to a different routing area than the old cell. The update request includes the identifiers of the old and new routing area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of optimizing coverage by changing the antenna pattern (14). In a solution of the invention, the base station (10) orients the antenna lobe (14) in the vertical direction toward a terminal equipment (11-13) by changing the shape of the antenna lobe according to a timing advance. The nearer the terminal equipment (11-13) is to the base station (10), the more downward the antenna lobe (14) is oriented by turning the antenna lobe (14) primarily downward or by changing the shape of the antenna pattern (14). In this way, transmission power, and thereby interference, is reduced.

Abstract: A method, a system, or an article of manufacture provides Mobility Management (MM), for example, an update procedure, in a Core Network (CN) of a mobile communication system. The Mobile Station (MS) includes an indicator which defines an update type. The update type includes: all CN entities; one type of CN entity only. If the indicator has the update type of all CN entities, the MS registers all CN entities. If the indicator has the update type of one type of CN entity only, the MS registers the one type of CN entity only. The CN entities may be MSC/NVLR CN entity, SGSN CN entity, or other CN entity. The method includes the MS determining to which of the CN entity to perform the update procedure; the MS updating the CN entity; the CN acknowledging the MS whether update is successful or failed; and the CN acknowledging the MS whether update of other CN entity is needed, if needed, the CN defining to which of the CN entity to perform update, and continuing the update of the defined CN entity.

Abstract: A method for implementing a memory. The memory is implemented as a directory structure comprising a tree-shaped hierarchy having nodes at several different levels, wherein an individual node can be (i) a trie node comprising an array wherein an individual element may contain the address of a lower node in the tree-shaped hierarchy and wherein an individual element may also be empty, the number of elements in the array corresponding to a power of two, or (ii) a bucket containing at least one element so that the type of an individual element in the bucket is selected from a group including a data unit, a pointer to a stored data unit, a pointer to a node in another directory structure and another directory structure.

Abstract: A support node (SGSN) in a packet radio network, the node being adapted to support mobile station location updates and data transmission to and/or from a mobile subscriber. A first address (IP1) has been appointed for the support node and it corresponds to the area served by the support node in the packet radio network. In addition, a second address (IP2) has been appointed to the support node (SGSN) and it belongs to the same address system as said first address (IP1). The second address (IP2) is used substantially for data transmission and . the first address (IP1) is used substantially for signaling outside data transmission. The area served by the support node is preferably divided into subareas, to each of which a second address (IP2) is appointed, and a mobile subscriber location update is informed to the home location register (HLR) only when the support node (SGSN) serving the mobile subscriber changes, but not when the subarea changes.

Abstract: A method for implementing a memory. The memory is implemented as a directory structure comprising a tree-shaped hierarchy having nodes at several different levels, wherein an individual node can be (i) a trie node comprising an array wherein an individual element may contain the address of a lower node in the tree-shaped hierarchy and wherein an individual element may also be empty, the number of elements in the array corresponding to a power of two, or (ii) a bucket containing at least one element so that the type of an individual element in the bucket is selected from a group including a data unit, a pointer to a stored data unit, a pointer to another directory structure and another directory structure.

Abstract: Method and an apparatus for determining the pathloss between a base transceiver station (BTS) and a mobile station (MS) in a mobile radio network. In detail, a signal carrier (BCCH) having a transmitting power (PTXAV) is transmitted by a first base transceiver station (BTS-1). Thereafter, said signal carrier (BCCH) transmitted by said first base transceiver station (BTS-1) is received by a mobile station (MS) spatially separated from said first base transceiver station (BTS-1), and the signal level (PTXAV) of the received signal carrier (BCCH) is detected by said mobile station (MS). Furthermore, the detected signal level (PTXAV) of said received signal carrier (BCCH) is transmitted to a second base transceiver station (BTS-2) of a neighboring cell. In addition, the detected signal level (PTXAV) of said signal carrier (BCCH) received by said mobile station (MS) is compared with the transmitting power (PTXAV) of said signal carrier (BCCH) transmitted by said first base transceiver station (BTS-1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a frequency hopping method and a radio system. Frequency hopping is implemented downlink to the frequency of the broadcast control channel. The radio system comprises a network part (100), a subscriber terminal (102) and a radio connection (104) as the transmission path. The novelty is that the broadcast control channel does not usually perform frequency hopping. The simplest implementation of the system is a software modification in the network part (100) and the subscriber terminal (102). The invention can be applied to all radio systems using frequency hopping, particularly to the GSM/DCS 1800 systems and the UMTS system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a handover method in a mobile communication system in which error correction of a radio signal can be arranged with different protection levels. The method comprises measuring the signal level and/or quality of base stations in a mobile station, the signal quality and level of the mobile station at the base station is measured, comparing measurements results thus obtained and other variables of the connection with handover criteria, and handover is performed from the source cell to the target cell, when the handover criteria are met. The invention is characterized by determining at least one handover criterion depending on error correction of the radio connection. The invention further relates to a mobile communication system for performing handover.

Abstract: A routing system and method adapted to a SIMA network routes packets of information from a start network node to a target network node. Each node in a SIMA network monitors the allowed priority level of every outgoing link. A monitor gives a route controller information about the allowed priority levels of at least a nodes outgoing links to all other nodes. The monitor may be used to deliver such information to buffers of other nodes. The monitor also may receive other nodes' allowed priority levels, and based on the allowed priority levels of all nodes, the route controller of each node delivers the information about the current allowed priority level of every link to all other network nodes. The start node calculates the total costs for all reasonable routes to the target node. The calculation takes into account the allowed priority levels and/or the preference value of the outgoing links, such as the length of the path. The route or link with the lowest total costs is selected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving call setup efficiency in multimedia communication systems is disclosed. The present invention performs call setup in H.323 systems using fewer message exchanges, thereby resulting in a more efficient call setup mechanism. Moreover, no call setup functionality is sacrificed by resorting to fewer message exchanges. The method includes placing a call at a first endpoint to a remote endpoint, requesting admission from a gatekeeper for the call, returning an accept message to the first endpoint, the accept message including a token for providing information to the remote endpoint alleviating the need of the remote endpoint to request admission from a gatekeeper, routing a setup message to the remote endpoint, the setup message including the token and completing a call setup based upon information in the token.