Abstract: The invention relates to a method of welding of at least two metal-based materials (5, 7), non-weldable directly to each other with resistance welding. At least one spacer (6) is joined by welding on at least one of the two surfaces of a material (5) in every interstice between two surfaces of materials to be welded. The welded spacer (6) is utilized so that resistance welding is focused to the surface of the material (5) with the spacer (6) to melt at least one spacer (6) located on the heat affecting zone in order to achieve a weld between the metal-based materials (5, 7).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a passive safety cell (2) for passenger cars with alternative powertrains which is shared for the passengers (3) as well as for the energy source (4) with its main components, to protect both units in one cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a component made of austenitic manganese alloyed steel using transformation induced plasticity. The component is deformed so that the component has an essentially same thickness of 0.5-2 millimeter in each region of the component, and the component has at least two regions having different mechanical property values.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a sandwich panel as a semi-finished product where at least one layer of a non-metallic material is positioned between at least two metallic layers. At least one of the metal layers is shaped into a three dimensional layer, and the metal layers are in direct mechanical contact to enable resistance weldability of the semi-finished product in order to connect the semi-finished product to a desired combination of solutions in a subsequent manufacturing process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling a metal strip to be heat-treated, contained in a continuously operated heat treatment furnace and proceeding in an essentially horizontal direction and suspended position in a zone arranged between elements meant for supporting the metal strip when said metal strip is being cooled. The trajectory of the metal strip is measured by a measuring device, and on the basis of the obtained measurement results, the metal strip is subjected to a controlled cooling agent jet, so that the trajectory of the metal strip, at least in the zone located between the elements meant for supporting the metal strip, is made to proceed in between devices installed around the trajectory and meant for conveying the cooling agent.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing flexible rolling of metal strips, in which a metal strip with pre-definable material thickness s guided through a mill stand by at least two operating steps, which includes several rolls, the metallic strip is during the rolling operation set to lead through a roll gap, where a curve bending line is steered to achieve a defined profile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a high-strength ferritic austenitic duplex stainless steel with the TRIP (Transformation induced plasticity) effect with deformation. After the heat treatment on the temperature range of 950-1150° C. in order to have high tensile strength level of at least 1000 MPa with retained formability the ferritic austenitic duplex stainless steel is deformed with a reduction degree of at least 10%, preferably at least 20% so that with a reduction degree of 20% the elongation (A50) is at least 15%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a ferritic-austenitic stainless steel having good formability, good weldability and high elongation. The stainless steel containing the sum of carbon and nitrogen C+N in the range 0.17-0.295 in weight % in which sum C+N a lower carbon content to avoid sensitisation during welding is compensated by an increased nitrogen content to maintain formability is heat treated so that the microstructure of the stainless steel contains 45-75% austenite in the heat treated condition, the remaining microstructure being ferrite, and the measured Md30 temperature of the stainless steel is adjusted between 0 and 50° C. in order to utilize the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) for improving the formability of the stainless steel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel having enhanced high temperature strength and good resistance to high cycle fatigue, creep and oxidation for use in high temperature service, for components such as automotive exhaust manifolds. The steel contains in weight % less than 0.03% carbon, 0.05-2% silicon, 0.5-2% manganese, 17-20% chromium, 0.5-2% molybdenum, less than 0.2% titanium, 0.3-1% niobium, 1-2% copper, less than 0.03% nitrogen, 0.001-0.005% boron, the rest of the chemical composition being iron and inevitable impurities occurring in stainless steels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing solids in dust and sulphur oxides from process gases generated in a metallurgical process by a wet process. At least part of basic liquid is fed into the gas flow containing solids in at least one cascade scrubber in order to mix basic liquid with the gases and solids to be cleaned at the latest during the wetting of the gases and solids in the water space of the cascade scrubber, and the mixture containing basic liquid, wetted gases and solids are directed to have a cascade shower in each cascade scrubber in order to remove sulphur and solids from the gases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a sandwich panel as a semi-finished product where at least one layer of a non-metallic material is positioned between at least two metallic layers. At least one of the metal layers is shaped into a three dimensional layer, and the metal layers are in direct mechanical contact to enable resistance weldability of the semi-finished product in order to connect the semi-finished product to a desired combination of solutions in a subsequent manufacturing process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a duplex stainless steel having austenitic-ferritic microstructure of 35-65% by volume, preferably 40-60% by volume of ferrite and having good weldability, good corrosion resistance and good hot workability. The steel contains 0.005-0.04% by weight carbon, 0.2-0.7% by weight silicon, 2.5-5% by weight manganese, 23-27% by weight chromium, 2.5-5% by weight nickel, 0.5-2.5% by weight molybdenum, 0.2-0.35% by weight nitrogen, 0.1-1.0% by weight copper, optionally less than 1% by weight tungsten, less than 0.0030% by weight one or more elements of the group containing boron and calcium, less than 0.1% by weight cerium, less than 0.04% by weight aluminium, less than 0.010% by weight sulphur and the rest iron with incidental impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a duplex ferritic austenitic stainless steel having high formability utilizing the TRIP effect and high corrosion resistance with the high pitting resistance equivalent. The duplex stainless steel contains less than 0,04 weight % carbon, 0,2-0,8 weight % silicon, 0,3-2,0 weight % manganese, 4,0-19,0 weight % chromium, 2,0-5,0 weight % nickel, 4,0-7,0 weight % molybdenum, less than 4,5 weight % tungsten, 0,1-1,5 weight % copper, 0,14-0,23 weight % nitrogen, the rest being iron and inevitable impurities occurring in stainless steels. Further, the co-effect of the chromium, molybdenum and tungsten contents in weight % is in the range of 20<(Cr+Mo+0,5 W)<23,5, where the ratio Cr/(Mo+0,5W) is in the range of 2-4,75.

Abstract: The invention relates to an austenitic high-manganese stainless steel having high strength and ductility. The stainless steel which has in weight % 0.03-0.1% carbon, 0.08-1.0% silicon, 14-26% manganese, 10.5-18% chromium, less than 0.8% nickel, 0.05-0.60% copper, 0.1-0.8% nitrogen and 0.0008-0.0050% boron, with the rest being iron and inevitable impurities occurred in stainless steels, and the stainless steel is cold deformable utilizing the TWIP (TWinning Induced Plasticity) mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to duplex ferritic austenitic stainless steel for the use chemical industry for nitric acid environments wherein good uniform corrosion resistance and high strength are required. The microstructure of the stainless steel has 35-65 volume % of ferrite, preferably 45-55 volume % of ferrite, the balance being austenite. The chemical composition contains less than 0.03 weight % carbon, less than 1 weight % silicon, less than 3 weight % manganese, 26-29.5 weight % chromium, 5-8.5 weight % nickel, 1-3 weight % molybdenum, 0.25-0.35 weight % nitrogen, 1-3 weight % copper, the rest being iron and inevitable impurities occurring in stainless steels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a ferroalloy containing nickel. From a fine-grained raw material containing iron and chromium and a fine-grained raw material containing nickel, a mixture is formed with binding agent, the mixture is agglomerated so that first formed objects of desired size are obtained. The objects formed are heat treated in order to strengthen the objects so that the heat treated objects withstand conveyance and loading into a smelter furnace. Further, the objects are smelted under reducing circumstances in order to achieve ferrochromenickel, a ferroalloy of a desired composition containing at least iron, chromium and nickel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a duplex ferritic austenitic stainless steel having high formability utilizing the TRIP effect and high corrosion resistance with the balanced pitting resistance equivalent. The duplex stainless steel contains less than 0.04 weight % carbon, 0.2-0.8 weight % silicon, less than 2.0 weight % manganese, 16.5-19.5 weight % chromium, 3.0-4.7 weight % nickel, 1.5-4.0 weight % molybdenum, less than 3.5 weight % tungsten, less than 1 weight % copper, 0.13-0.26 weight % nitrogen, the rest being iron and inevitable impurities occurring in stainless steels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a high-strength ferritic austenitic duplex stainless steel with the TRIP (Transformation induced plasticity) effect with deformation. After the heat treatment on the temperature range of 950 1150° C. in order to have high tensile strength level of at least 1000 MPa with retained formability the ferritic austenitic duplex stainless steel is deformed with a reduction degree of at least 10%, preferably at least 20% so that with a reduction degree of 20% the elongation (A50) is at least 15%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel having excellent corrosion and sheet forming properties. The steel consists of in weight percentages 0.003-0.035% carbon, 0.05-1.0% silicon, 0.1-0.8% manganese, 20-24% chromium, 0.05-0.8% nickel, 0.003-0.5% molybdenum, 0.2-0.8% copper, 0.003-0.05% nitrogen, 0.05-0.8% titanium, 0.05-0.8% niobium, 0.03-0.5% vanadium, less than 0.04% aluminium, and the sum C+N less than 0.06%, the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities in such conditions, that the ratio (Ti+Nb/(C+N) is higher or equal to 8, and less than 40, and the ratio Tieq/Ceq=(Ti+0.515*Nb+0.940*V)/(C+0.858*N) is higher or equal to 6, and less than 40.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a ductile, high strength austenitic stainless steel object from an austenitic stainless, steel strip, in which method the strip is cold worked in order to promote the formation of martensite into the microstructure of the strip, and the strip having a dual-phase microstructure is further processed. The strip is then shaped to a desired object having at least one curved or arcuate area and during the shaping of the object the different areas of the strip are deformed in different degrees. The desired object is further reversion annealed in order to reverse martensite back to the austenite form and a hardening effect is achieved in order to have an essentially fine grain microstructure for at least the curved or arcuate area of the object.