Abstract: A method for generating real-time control parameters by a video camera for smoke-generating combustion reactions is disclosed. In accordance with the method, a video camera is used for obtaining a video signal, which is digitized and filtered temporally and spatially. The digitized video signal is divided on the basis of its signal level distribution into signal subareas to reduce the quantity of processed information. The picture elements belonging to the same subarea are combined into contiguous image areas representing a certain signal level, the subareas are combined into an integrated image, subsequent images are averaged to eliminate random disturbance, and the averaged image is displayed on a display device. This method facilitates the real-time monitoring of a combustion process.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for the reception and the detection of digital signals. According to the method at least two signals (s.sub.1, s.sub.2, . . . , s.sub.M) having at least approximately the same information content are received and out of each received signal (S.sub.i) is generated by means of a phase shift one in-phase baseband signal (s.sub.iI) and one quadrature baseband signal (s.sub.iQ). All in-phase baseband signals (s.sub.iI) are summed in a first summing point (3a) and all quadrature baseband signals (s.sub.iQ) in a second summing point (3b), both sum signals (y.sub.Ik and y.sub.Qk) are fed to a detector (4) for detection and generating two detected output signals (s.sub.Ik and s.sub.Qk), and a reference carrier (ca) is generated as a function of said two sum signals (y.sub.Ik and y.sub.Qk) for carrying out a coherent demodulation. According to the invention a projection voltage (z.sub.k) defined by the equation z.sub.k =y.sub.Qk s.sub.Ik -y.sub.Ik s.sub. Qk is generated, wherein y.sub.

Abstract: A method and a device for applying a primary coating to an optical filament. In order to make the distribution of the coating material even, the flow of the coating material to be introduced into the crucible is divided in the crucible into two flows opposite in direction and advancing in the peripheral direction of the crucible. The two flows are caused to flow in the axial direction substantially at the opposite sides of the crucible. The axial flows are caused to flow in the peripheral direction of the crucible and joined by means of an outer channel extending around the crucible in the peripheral direction thereof. The flow is passed radially through throttle openings into an inner peripheral channel and further through a peripheral throttle slot into a conical channel along which it is led into a central chamber of the crucible, through which chamber the filament is drawn.

Abstract: A method for the reception and the detection of digital signals wherein at least two signals (s.sub.1, s.sub.2, . . . s.sub.M) having at least approximately the same information content are received and at least all signals (s.sub.1, s.sub.2, . . . , s.sub.M) but one are subjected to a phase shift. The shifted signals (s'.sub.1, s'.sub.2, . . . , s'.sub.M) are combined in a summing point, the sum signal (s) is fed to a detector for detection, a reference carrier (ca) is generated in a reference carrier generator and a coherent demodulation and detection is carried out in the detector by means of said carrier (ca). According to the invention a projection voltage (z.sub.k) defined by the equation z.sub.k =y.sub.Qk s.sub.Ik -y.sub.Ik s.sub.Qk is generated, wherein y.sub.Ik is a signal sample in the in-phase branch before threshold decision in the detector, y.sub.Qk is the signal sample in the quadrature branch before decision, s.sub.Ik is the detected signal in the in-phase branch, and s.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the correction of a signal distortion caused by a cable at the receiving end. To obtain adaptivity the method according to the invention comprises the steps of treating the received signal by an equalizer circuit, multiplying the output signal of the equalizer circuit by a correction coefficient and combining the signal obtained through the multiplication with the received signal to produce a corrected signal. The method further comprises detecting the corrected signal, taking a sample value of the output of the detector at a prescribed moment and holding the sample value up to the following sampling, comparing the sample value with a prescribed reference value, and determining the value of a new correction coefficient on the basis of the comparison in order to obtain a sample value equalling the reference value.

Abstract: A calibration system for the calibration of mass flow controllers of an apparatus used for a chemical vapor phase growth, comprising at least one mass flow meter for measuring the characteristics of the mass flow controllers and a computer for calculating correction coefficients for the different controllers. The system preferably comprises at least one flow meter for measuring at least the adjoining ranges of the mass flow controllers covering adjacent flow ranges.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conveyor chain, which comprises chain links (1) consisting of a barrel portion (2) and elongated side bars (3,4), the first ends of which are attached to the ends of the barrel, whereby the distance between the free ends of the side bars (3,4) corresponds to the length of the barrel (2) including the side bars attached to it. In order to enable the assembly of a chain of identical, mutually similar parts without tools, the surfaces located opposite each other at the free ends of the bars (3,4) of the chain links are provided with studs (5,6), the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the barrel (2) and the elasticity of the bar (3,4) material is such that the bars can be spread from each other to such an extent as to enable the insertion of the studs (5,6) of one chain link into the barrel (2) of another chain link.

Abstract: A guiding device for a distributor for winding a cable on a flanged reel, which guiding device (6) comprises a traverse tube (17) supported by a traversing device (3) of the distributor for reciprocating the tube between the flanges of the reel. The tube forms a path of movement (L) for guiding the cable (5) to a free end of the traverse tube. A guide head (20) is provided at the free end of the traverse tube for guiding the path of movement of the cable with respect to the flanges (11, 12) of the reel (9). The guide head comprises at least one guide surface (24) eccentrically positioned with respect to the path of movement for contacting the flange of the reel. The horizontal distance of the guide surface from the path of movement is equal to one and a half times the diameter of the cable to be wound in a first rotation position of the guide tube and to half the diameter of the cable in a second rotation position of the guide tube.

Abstract: A method for providing a fibre with an additional length in secondary mantling of an optical fibre, according to which an optical fibre is coated by means of extrusion (3) with a secondary mantle allowing an axial movement between the fibre and the mantle, the mantled fibre (6) is drawn (10) axially forwards after the coating, the mantle is stretched (11) axially with respect to the fibre, and the elongation of the mantle is allowed to relax (12) together with the fibre so that the fibre is longer than the mantle in the relaxed mantled fibre, after which the relaxed mantled fibre is winded on a coil (13). The fibre and mantle are locked (11) axially stationary to each other during the advancing of the mantled fibre (6) before the relaxation of the elongation of the mantle, and the mantle is subjected to a retardation (10) during the advancing of the mantled fibre for stretching the mantle with respect to the fibre before locking of the fibre and mantle.

Abstract: A double extruder for the production of a two-layer tubular extruded product, which extruder comprises a treating screw (8) rotatably mounted in a housing provided in a frame (2) and forming a ring-shaped treating space (21) between the frame and the screw, and inlet and outlet channels (13, 22, 23) extending to the periphery of the treating screw for supplying materials to be extruded into the treating space and for discharging the materials therefrom, and extrusion means (14) mounted in the frame and communicating with the outlet channel. The treating screw is tubular and forms two separate treating spaces together with the frame, each space extending from the outer periphery of the treating screw around the end edge to the inner periphery of the screw. The outlet channel is ring-shaped and joins radially the inner periphery of the tubular treating screw.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fan suction chamber having front, back, and bottom walls. The front wall defines a suction inlet; and the back wall has an upper section, which is parallel to the front wall, and a lower section, which slants downward and forward toward the front wall of the suction chamber at an angle of 67.degree. to 78.degree. with the horizontal. The bottom wall of the suction chamber connects the front wall and the lower section of the back wall. The depth of the chamber at the upper section of the back wall is 0.35 to 0.38 times the width of the suction chamber, and the depth of the chamber at a lower end of the lower section of the back wall is 0.14 to 0.18 times the width of the suction chamber. The diameter of the suction inlet is 0.42 to 0.50 times the width of the suction chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a buoyant cable. The cable sheath (3) is divided into two portions (4 and 5) whereby the cable conductor (1) is placed in one (4) of the portions and the cable float (2) in the other portion (5). Thus, the cable conductor is substantially in communication with the surrounding water only through the conductor insulation (14) and the cable sheath (3).

Abstract: Apparatus for generating a laser pulse including a device for pumping light energy into a laser material included in a laser oscillator in order to produce a stimulated radiation which tends to increase in the direction of the reflectors in the laser oscillator whereby a part of the energy accumulated in the laser material is discharged as a laser pulse through a partially transmissive reflector by appropriately selecting the dimensions of the laser material and the resonator, the properties of the reflectors and the length and output the light pulse so-called relaxation oscillation hitherto regarded as an interference to make the first relaxation pulse discharge the main portion of the energy accumulated in the laser material as a short laser pulse.

Abstract: A method of piling plastics or rubber mixture ribbons on a support (1) for transport and storage wherein the ribbon (2) is folded in superimposed layers (3,4). The ribbon is folded in each layer partly to overlap not more than 2/3 of the width of the ribbon in each fold. The folding direction (B) is in at least some of the layers (4) changed preferably 90.degree. with respect to the folding direction (A) of the other layers. In this way the ribbon can be folded in layers crosswise and the pile formed will be firmly bound so that the pile remains intact without any supporting borders.The transport and storage pile comprises a pallet on which are folded superimposed ribbon layers in crosswise layers. In each layer the ribbon is folded overlapping so as to bind the pile into a firm and durable unit (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a long leading end in a wire wound on a reel in a winding machine comprising at least one power driven shaft for rotating a reel and a shifting flange positioned at one side of said reel. The shifting flange is provided with means for gripping the leading end of the wire when starting the winding of the wire on said reel. The apparatus comprises a gear mechanism coupled between the reel shaft (11) and the shifting flange (7) which gear mechanism rotates said shifting flange with a rotation speed lower than the rotation speed of the reel. The gear mechanism is provided with coupling means (17) for selectively connecting and disconnecting said gear mechanism and the shifting flange is coupled by means of a friction clutch so that said shifting flange slides on the reel shaft when the gear mechanism is connected but is driven by said reel shaft when the gear mechanism is disconnected.

Abstract: Disclosed is a centrifugal-blower impeller made from a back plate and a front plate and blades attached between these plates. The back plate or the front plate of the impeller or both of them are prestressed in a direction opposite to the stresses produced by centrifugal force when the impeller rotates. According to a preferred embodiment of the impeller the back plate is prestressed by means of a stressing member having the shape of a truncated cone, which is supported by the inner end of the hub of the driving shaft of the blower. In addition a stressing flange is attached to said hub and is tightened to the back plate by means of bolts. The front plate may be prestressed by means of a stressing ring mounted on the suction ring of the front plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an impeller in a centrifugal blower, especially a high-pressure blower, wherein the curved part of the front plate of the impeller is replaced by a conical supporting ring. The upper edge of the supporting ring is attached to the blades of the impeller and the lower edge to the cylindrical suction ring of the impeller. A guide ring made of thin plate is mounted inwards from the supporting ring.

Abstract: A method of forming a foam-skin insulation on telephone wires, wherein a homogenuous flow of basic plastic is divided into two separate flows one of which is subjected to mixing with a foam agent while the other, intended to form an outer layer of solid plastic, is bypassed directly to an extruder tool. The apparatus used for the method comprises one single extruder, the extruder head whereof is provided with a flow dividing piece guiding one flow past foam injecting nozzles and the other flow through a separate branch channel to the extruder tool.

Abstract: A method of and a device for adjusting the capacity and the diameter of an electric conductor provided with an insulation coating of foamed plastics material in an extruder press. The press is provided with an adjustably rotating feed screw and adjustable heating means. The deviation of the capacity of the insulated conductor from a preset capacity and the deviation of the diameter of said conductor from a preset diameter are measured at the path of movement of the conductor. The rotation speed of said screw is adjusted in response to said capacity deviation and said diameter deviation and the temperature of said heating means is also adjusted in response to said capacity variation and said diameter deviation in order to correct said deviations.