Abstract: Forced expression of a handful of transcription factors (TFs) can induce conversion between cell identities; however, the extent to which TFs can alter cell identity has not been systematic ally assessed. Here, we assembled a “human TFome,” a comprehensive expression library of 1,578 human TF clones with fall coverage of the major TF families. By systematically screening the human TFome, we identified many individual TFs that induce loss of human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell (hiPSC) identity, suggesting a pervasive ability for TFs to alter cell identity. Using large-scale computational cell type classification trained on thousands of tissue expression pantiles, we identified cell types generated by these TFs with high efficiency and speed, without additional selections or mechanical perturbations. TF expression in adult human tissues only correlated with some of the cell lineage generated, suggesting more complexity than observation studies can explain.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed to engineered chemoautotrophic bacteria and methods of producing triacylglycerides. Also described herein are systems or bioreactors comprising said engineered bacteria.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed to compositions comprising antibodies and antibody reagent that binds specifically to Mfsd2A and method of using such compositions, e.g., to increase blood-brain barrier permeability in therapeutic methods.

Abstract: Multi-wavelength light is directed to an optic including a substrate and metasurface optical components deposited on a surface of the substrate. The metasurface optical components comprise a pattern of silicon dielectric resonators with nonperiodic gap distances between adjacent dielectric resonators. Incident light directed to the metasurface optical components is scattered and phase-shifted by the configuration of the gap distances and the widths and thicknesses of the dielectric resonators. Each dielectric resonator has a rectangular cross-section such that a first phase shift is imparted for a transverse-electric (TE) component of the incident light and a second phase shift is imparted for a transverse-magnetic (TM) component of the incident light.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for imaging or determining nucleic acids or other desired targets, for instance, within cells or tissues. In one aspect, a sample is exposed to a plurality of nucleic acid probes that are determined within the sample. In some cases, however, background fluorescence or off-target binding may make it more difficult to determine properly bound nucleic acid probes. Accordingly, other components of the samples that may be contributing to the background, such as proteins, lipids, and/or other non-targets, may be “cleared” from the sample to improve determination. However, in certain embodiments, nucleic acids or other desired targets may be prevented from also being cleared, e.g., using polymers or gels within the sample. Other aspects are generally directed to compositions or kits involving such systems, methods of using such systems, or the like.

Abstract: An interconnection layer structure including a two-dimensional (2D) material, an electronic device including the interconnection layer structure, and an electronic apparatus including the electronic device are disclosed. The interconnection layer structure may include a first interconnection layer, and a work function modulation layer directly on one surface of the first interconnection layer. The first interconnection layer may include a metal layer, and the work function modulation layer may be a two-dimensional (2D) material layer that includes ruthenium (Ru).

Abstract: The present invention provides vaccine compositions and methods of producing such compositions. Other embodiments of the invention include methods of treating a pathogen infection, methods of vaccinating a subject against a pathogen infection, and methods for treating an antibiotic-resistance bacterial infection in a subject in need thereof. In further embodiments, the invention includes methods of decreasing the level of a pathogen in a subject having a pathogen infection, methods of increasing the surviving rate of a subject having a pathogen infection, methods of reducing the level of pain associated with a pathogen infection, and methods of reducing the level of distress associated with a pathogen infection in a subject in need thereof. Novel scaffold compositions and opsonin-bound or lectin-bound pathogen compositions, and uses thereof, are also provided herein.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention described herein relate to systems and methods for culturing and/or maintaining intestinal cells, tissues and/or organoids in vitro. The cells, tissues and/or organoids cultured according to the methods and systems described herein can mimic or reproduce natural intestinal epithelial structures and behavior as well as support co-culture of intestinal microflora.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, compositions, and methods of introducing protective and/or loss-of-function variants of CCR5 and CCR2. Variants may be introduced using a CRISPR/Cas9-based nucleobase editor or other guide nucleotide sequence-programmable DNA binding protein domain-based fusion protein described herein. Further provided herein are compositions and methods of preventing and treating conditions related to HIV infection and progression as well as to AIDS.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a two-dimensional (2D) material having a semiconductor characteristic, a conductive layer on a first surface of the 2D material layer, and an alignment adjusting layer on a second surface of the 2D material layer. The second surface may be different from the first surface. The alignment adjusting layer may adjust an energy-band alignment between the 2D material layer and the conductive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, compositions, and kits for engineering proteins using error-prone orthogonal replication (epOrthoRep) and yeast surface display (YSD).

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed to objectively identify sub-second behavioral modules in the three-dimensional (3D) video data that represents the motion of a subject. Defining behavioral modules based upon structure in the 3D video data itself— rather than using a priori definitions for what should constitute a measurable unit of action— identifies a previously-unexplored sub-second regularity that defines a timescale upon which behavior is organized, yields important information about the components and structure of behavior, offers insight into the nature of behavioral change in the subject, and enables objective discovery of subtle alterations in patterned action. The systems and methods of the invention can be applied to drug or gene therapy classification, drug or gene therapy screening, disease study including early detection of the onset of a disease, toxicology research, side-effect study, learning and memory process study, anxiety study, and analysis in consumer behavior.

Abstract: In a nanopore sensor, a nanopore disposed in a support structure has a nanopore diameter and nanopore resistance, RPore. A fluidic passage, disposed in fluidic connection between a first fluidic reservoir and the nanopore, has a cross-sectional extent, along at least a portion of the fluidic passage length, that is greater than the diameter of the nanopore and that is less than the fluidic passage length. The fluidic passage has a fluidic passage resistance, RFP, of at least about 10% of the nanopore resistance, RPore, and no more than about 10 times the nanopore resistance, RPore. The nanopore is disposed in fluidic connection between the fluidic passage and a second fluidic reservoir. At least one electrical transduction element is disposed at the fluidic passage and electrically connected to produce an indication of electrical potential local to the fluidic passage.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a nozzle for a 3D printing system. The nozzle may include a flowpath with a material inlet and a material outlet. The nozzle may further include a valve in fluid communication with the flowpath between the material inlet and the material outlet, where the valve includes a closed state and an open state, where in the closed state the valve obstructs the flowpath between the material inlet and the material outlet, and where in the open state the material inlet is in fluid communication with the material outlet. The nozzle may further include a compensator in fluid communication with the flowpath, where the compensator includes a contracted state associated with the open state of the valve and an expanded state associated with the closed state of the valve.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for generating a viable cell that expresses at least one or more woolly mammoth genes. Also described herein are compositions and methods for generating an embryo, blastula, oocyte, or non-human organism that expresses one or more woolly mammoth genes.

Abstract: Provided herein relates to systems and methods for producing and using a body having a central channel separated by one or more membranes. The membrane(s) are configured to divide the central channel into at least one mesochannel and at least one microchannel. The height of the mesochannel is substantially greater than the height of the microchannel. A gaseous fluid can be applied through the mesochannel while a liquid fluid flowing through the microchannel. The systems and methods described herein can be used for various applications, including, e.g., growth and differentiation of primary cells such as human lung cells, as well as any other cells requiring low shear and/also stratified structures, or simulation of a microenvironment in living tissues and/or organs (to model physiology or disease states, and/or to identify therapeutic agents and/or vaccines). The systems and methods can also permit co-culture with one or more different cell types.

Abstract: Expressing guide nucleic acids (e.g., gRNA) from the same oligonucleotide that contains donor sequence permits the high efficiency, simultaneous transformation of a population of cells with both substrates. Using oligonucleotide chip array technology, one can construct thousands of oligonucleotides with customized gRNA and donor sequence in a cost effective manner. In combination, one can efficiently modify endogenous and exogenous genes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for inhibiting viral pathogenesis by targeting long noncoding ribonucleic acids.

Abstract: An optical component can include a substrate. The optical component can include a metasurface disposed on the substrate. The metasurface can include one or more linearly birefringent elements. A spatially-varying Jones matrix and a far-field of the metasurface can define a transfer function of the metasurface configured to generate a controlled response in the far-field according to polarization of light incident on the metasurface.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and compositions for reprogramming fibroblasts into limb progenitors.