Abstract: Spikes for holding elastic rail clamps for use with wooden rail ties. The spike portion incorporating recesses in its surface to accommodate an adhesive which improves adhesions between the spike and the wooden tie. The lower end of the spike which faces the rail incorporates a series of ribs.

Abstract: A deep tillage earth engaging implement having a frictional attachment to a tine of an agricultural machine in which the attachment portion incorporates a socket with a cross-section tapering toward the earth engaging portion. The foot of the tine is of complementary shape.

Abstract: An agricultural earth engaging implement formed from two metal plate sections. One piece forms a narrow profile shaft and the other forms the earth engaging portion. The shaft is formed to provide a tapered cavity for receiving a tine and the implement is held on to the tine by frictional forces.

Abstract: An earth engaging implement comprising an earth engaging portion located forwardly and below an integral socket portion which socket is tapered in cross-section from its top toward its junction with the earth engaging portion and includes strengthening adjacent the upper end of the socket. The socket is formed by a single piece of metal formed into a partial socket with opposing flanges defining the near face of said socket. The flanges may be closely spaced or if the tine is wide the flanges will be arranged to encompass the edges of the base of the tine. The strengthening may be an increase in the thickness of the flanges and the adjacent portion of the socket located in the top portion of the socket. Preferably, a rib is formed in the flanges just below the top portion of the socket.

Abstract: A cast rail clip support of the kind used in concrete railway sleepers wherein one portion (17) of the rail clip is held in the rail clip support (19) and a second portion of the clip (16) bears down on the rail flange. The recess (26) of the rail clip support has slots (32) shaped to accommodate in a neat fit the base portion 17 of the rail clip. The clip when held in the recess 16 abuts the lower contact surface 33 and the end of the base portion 17 abuts the upper contact surface 34 which is inclined 3.degree. above the horizontal. This arrangement presents the clip from being accidentally knocked from its position in the rail clip support.

Abstract: An elastic rail fastening system for use with wooden rail ties in which the rail is seated on a rail plate which in turn is secured to the wooden rail tie by two pairs of spikes which also serve to support two rail clamps. The recessed portions of the spikes are adapted to receive the base portion of the rail clamp. The rail plate has an upstanding rib lying parallel to the rail flange and between each pair of spikes. The arrangement is such that the base of the rail clamp abuts the rail plate rib before it contacts the end of the recess which is adjacent the rail.

Abstract: An earth engaging implement and tine construction comprising a tine having bolted thereto an adaptor having an upper surface externally tapered in cross section, an elongated slot extending through the adaptor to receive a bolt head, and the lower surface of the adaptor comprising a rediused portion and a flat portion. An earth engaging implement includes an earth engaging portion and an attachment portion, the attachment portion comprising a tapered socket of complementary cross sectional shape to the upper surface of the adaptor, and the earth engaging implement being secured to the adaptor by a wedging frictional grip on to the upper surface. The adaptor has an angle of inclination of the upper surface thereof when mounted on the tine which corresponds to the angle of attachment portion of the earth engaging implement when it is oriented for ground engagement.

Abstract: A rail pad for electrically and dynamically insulating the rail from the rail tie. Grooves or recesses are provided for force attenuation such that the overall volume is reduced by at least 15%. To improve durability particularly in curved track sections at least the field edge of the pad has in a section extending 20 mm on from the field edge less than 10% volume reduction by grooves or recesses.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing elastic rail fasteners of the kind that are applied transversely of the rail. The apparatus removes two fasteners simultaneously from a rail seat. The apparatus comprises a carrier frame (10) having a pair of opposed abutment plates (14 and 15) which move arcuately parallel to the rail (12). Associated with each plate (14 or 15) is an extraction lever (26a and 26b) which moves arcuately transverse to the rail. The abutment plates align the apparatus with the fastener (40), compress the arms (44) of the fastener (40) and the extraction levers (26a and 26b) pull the fasteners (40) from the rail seat.

Abstract: An implement for agricultural machines which is attachable to a tine of such a machine. The earth engaging portion includes steeply inclined side faces 11 and an inclined point 10 with a protrusion 14 which assists in directing work flow. The relatively flat portion 12 lies above the side faces 11 between them and the shaft portion 8 which is attachable to the tine. These implements are formed from conventional implement blanks and the height of the side faces is the same as that of conventional implements but the angle of inclination is greater.

Abstract: A support for an elastic rail clamp comprising two legs which are adapted to the above the rail tie surface adjacent the rail flange. The rail clamp is oriented at right angles to the longitudinal dimension of the rail and has two free arms which lie on the rail flange. To prevent accidental removal of the rail clamp from the support the support includes in the face adjacent the rail flange a channel for each arm to pass through when moving onto or off the rail flange. This provides a raised portion of the support between the two arms of the clamp. The support is also designed to ensure that contact points between the rail clamp and the support are minimal to reduce the incidence of corrosion bonding.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying elastic rail fasteners to a rail seat in which the fasteners are applied in a direction at right angles to the rail. A carriage supports a pivoted frame which can be rotated to align with a rail tie. Each end of the frame carries a pair of dependent arms and each pair is moved hydraulically. Abutment faces on the ends of the dependent arms contact the rail fasteners and the simultaneous contraction of each pair results in the fitting of four rail fasteners in one application. Rail tie position sensors are provided adjacent the abutment faces for correctly aligning the frame with the rail tie.