Abstract: A rail fastening system for securing rails to rail ties in which an elastic fastener is used. The fastener has one portion which lies on the rail flange and a second portion which seats within a support secured to the rail tie. The fastener comprises a base portion which seats within the support and two tapered arms which are curved over the base so that the free ends of the tapered arms lie on the rail flange. The support is located adjacent the rail flange and a locking element fits between the rail flange and the support and is shaped to interfit with the support in a wedge-like relationship such that longitudinal rail movement acting on the locking element is translated into a lateral force to prevent longitudinal rail movement.

Abstract: A mounting bracket for fastening replaceable earth engaging tools such as rotary hoe blades or trench digger teeth in which the shaft of the tool fits within a recess in the bracket and a spring biased pin is arranged to pass through both the shaft and the bracket at right angles to the longitudinal dimension of the shaft. This arrangement does away with the need to use bolts.

Abstract: Improvement in rail clips formed from metal plate in which the edges of the clip arms adjacent the locations of the clip subject to highest stress, are coined to prevent stress fractures occurring. The preferred form of rail clip is a D configuration in side view in which one portion seats on the foot of the rail and the other portion seats in a clip holder secured to a rail sleeper.

Abstract: Rail fastening clips formed from metal plate which are formed into U shaped plate sections having tapered arms, the plate sections being subsequently bent and formed into a three dimensional rail fastener.

Abstract: Agricultural discs are given a hardened annular run by providing a differential heat treatment. During the heat treatment step an annular ring of heat conductive material is placed on the outer periphery of the disc. Thus ensures that the outer edge is of greater hardness than the central portion of the disc.

Abstract: A rail clipholder for a rail clip is formed from metal plate which is bent into a U shape in cross-section. The walls of the U shaped clipholder are slotted to accommodate a portion of a rail clip. The clipholder is securable to a sleeper adjacent a rail so that the remaining portion of the rail clip lies on the foot of the rail.

Abstract: An agricultural tillage disc having a replaceable annular blade. The central hub of the disc consists of two sections clamped together so that the inner edge of the annular blade is securely held therebetween.

Abstract: A control wheel for an agricultural machine of the folding type in which the wings fold to trail behind a central section. The control wheel comprises a castor wheel coupled with tensioning devices which enable the wheel to track normally while folding or unfolding but to align itself in the direction of travel when folding is completed.