Abstract: A casting of metal strip by continuous casting in a twin roll caster is provied. In a twin roll caster, molten metal is introduced between a pair of counter-rotated horizontal casting rolls that are cooled so that metal shells solidify on the moving roll surfaces. The twin roll caster is capable of continuously producing cast strip from molten steel through a sequence of ladles positioned on a turret. In casting thin strip by twin roll caster, the crown of the casting surfaces of the casting rolls varies during a casting campaign. The crown of the casting surfaces of the casting rolls in turn determines the strip thickness profile.

Abstract: A venturi scrubber, which has a flow channel defined by a confuser, a throat, and a diffuser in sequence and which has a longitudinal axis. The throat has a throat wall, with nozzles for injecting scrubbing liquid into the throat. At least one insert body in the throat reduces the flow cross-section in the flow channel by at most 45%, preferably at most 30%, especially preferably at most 20%. The insert body is located preferably in a region of the longitudinal extension of the throat after the nozzles, as viewed in the direction from the confuser to the diffuser.

Abstract: A method for applying a lubricant while rolling metallic rolled stock, e.g., a rolled strip guided through a roll gap between two work rolls, may include the following steps: producing a mixture of lubricant and a carrier gas in an atomization device; supplying the mixture to individual spray nozzles of an arrangement of spray nozzles, in order to produce a continuous overall spray jet in the direction of the width of the rolled strip; and applying the mixture by means of the overall spray jet to the surface of at least one of the work rolls and/or to the surface of the rolled strip.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for continuously or semi-continuously producing hot steel strip which, starting from a slab guided through a slab-guiding device, is rolled in a roughing train having at least four-stands, the method comprising: casting a slab in a die, the slab being reduced to a thickness of between 60 and 95 mm in a liquid core reduction process by the adjoining slab-guiding device, a slab support length measured between the meniscus, i.e., the bath level, of the die and an end of the slab-guiding device facing the roughing train being between 12 m and 15.5 m, and a casting speed ranging from 3.8 to 7 m/min. The disclosed combination of casting parameters may ensure that the crater tip of the slab extends to the vicinity of the end of the slab-guiding device independently of the respective maximum casting speeds which are dependent on the particular grade of material.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for continuously or semi-continuously producing hot steel strip which, starting from a slab guided through a slab-guiding device, is rolled in, for example, an at least four-stand roughing train to form an intermediate strip and, in a further sequence in a finish rolling train, into a final strip. The thickness of a slab cast in a die is reduced in the liquid core reduction process by means of the adjoining slab-guiding device to between 85 and 120 mm, a slab support length measured between the meniscus, i.e., the bath level, of the die and an end of the slab-guiding device facing the roughing train being at least 18.5 m, a casting speed ranging from 3.8 to 7 m/min, and slabs of different thicknesses being cast as a function of given casting speeds. Using the disclosed casting parameters, high-quality finishing may be provided with high production capacities.

Abstract: A method for operating a continuous casting machine (1) at the start of casting, at the end of casting and when producing a transitional piece (21) for improving the quality of the ends of the strand (16, 18), and protecting the machine from damage. At the start of casting, perform the following additional method steps: recording a position of the beginning of the strand (16) in the strand guide (4); after the beginning of the strand (16) and after an upper end (17a) of the beginning region of the strand (17), has passed a pair of adjustable strand guiding rollers (5) adjusting the roller pair to touch the strand (2); cooling the beginning region of the strand (17) by the cooling nozzle (10) delivering an amount of coolant Q less than a nominal amount of coolant Qnom to the beginning region of the strand (17); and cooling the main part of the strand (20) by the cooling nozzle (10) delivering an amount of coolant Q that is substantially equal to Qnom to the main part of the strand (20).

Abstract: A method for reducing iron-oxide-containing feedstocks by introducing a reducing gas into a high-pressure reducing unit (1) where the reducing gas is consumed by reducing iron-oxide-containing feedstocks and then the reducing gas is withdrawn as top gas from the high-pressure reducing unit (1). At least one subportion of the top gas is admixed to a feed gas as recycle gas (15). The reducing gas is generated by CO2 being separated off from the gas mixture obtained from the addition of the recycle gas (15) to the feed gas after one or more compression steps. The recycle gas (15) is added to the feed gas in at least two recycle gas substreams that are separated from one another with recycle gas substream pressures at various distances from the high-pressure reducing unit (1).

Abstract: A transporting system for transporting metal coils, for example hot coils, may include a multi-track rail system; a number of driverless transporting carriages, which can be moved on the rail system by means of a drive device and are equipped with an on-board communication device; a locating device, with which up-to-the-moment locational information can be determined for each transporting carriage located on the rail system; and a central control device, to which the locational information of each transporting carriage can be fed, wherein a communication link, which at least in certain sections is formed without any lines, can be established between the control device and the communication device.

Abstract: A device for inspecting a moving metal strip includes a first electromagnetic acoustic transducer having an ultrasonic wave emitter. The waves emitted from the emitter are emitted to be incident on a first edge of a surface of the strip, and the emitter is not in contact with the strip. A second electromagnetic acoustic transducer is provided and includes an ultrasonic wave receiver. The waves received emerging from an area of the strip surface toward the receiver, the receiver is not in contact with the strip. A processing unit is coupled to the second electromagnetic acoustic transducer to provide an inspection criterion using a signature of the ultrasonic waves measured. The area is located on the strip such that a wave path between the first edge of the strip and the area is aligned in a linear direction mainly transverse to the direction of movement of the strip.

Abstract: A process for producing pig iron or liquid primary steel products in a smelting unit (1), in particular a melter gasifier. Iron-ore-containing charge materials, and possibly additions, are at least partially reduced in at least one reduction unit (R1, R2, R3, R4) by means of a reducing gas. A first fraction of the at least partially reduced charge materials is melted down in the smelting unit (1), while carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas are supplied, with the simultaneous formation of the reducing gas. The reducing gas is fed to the reduction unit (R1, R2, R3, R4) and, after the reducing gas has passed through the reduction unit, it is drawn off as top gas. A second fraction of the at least partially reduced charge materials is fed to a smelting reduction unit for reducing and smelting.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides (3) to form metalized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is produced at least partially by catalytic reformation of a mixture of a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or steam (H2O) with gaseous hydrocarbons, the heat for the endothermal reformation processes which take place during the reformation is provided at least partially by the combustion of a fuel gas.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides to form metalized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is produced at least partially by catalytic reformation of a mixture of—a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or steam (H2O) with—gaseous hydrocarbons, the fuel gas for burners which provide the heat for the endothermal reformation processes which take place during the reformation is obtained at least partially from a partial quantity of the top gas produced during the reduction of metal oxides to form metalized material, wherein this partial quantity of the top gas, before it is used as a component of the fuel gas, is firstly subjected to dedusting and then to a CO conversion reaction, and the conversion gas obtained during the CO conversion reaction is subjected to CO2 removal after cooling.

Abstract: A machine for leveling a strip of material includes a fixed supporting frame; an upper leveling device and a lower leveling device, each leveling device forming a cassette with a plurality of separated rollers, rotatably mounted on a frame of a device for rotating the rollers connected to at least some of the rollers by an extender, each extender having one end provided with a removable coupling member with one end for rotating the roller, and a device for locking each removable coupling member by clamping. The clamping locking device includes a device configure for translating the removable coupling members in the direction of travel of the material, and in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A driver for a steel strip coiler, having at least one supporting driving roller mounted on a frame, and at least one driving roller, which can be adjusted with respect to the supporting driving roller and is mounted on at least one rocker connected to the frame, wherein the driving roller is attached to a bearing region of the rocker. The bearing region is open for the insertion or removal of the driving roller toward the side and/or upwardly when the rocker is placed in the operating position. The driver has a fixing mechanism for fixing the driving roller to the bearing region. The method for removing a driving roller from such a driver includes opening the fixing mechanism and removing the driving roller toward the side or upwardly from the driver.

Abstract: A machine for leveling a strip of material contains a lower stationary back plate from which extends vertical beams located on either side of a longitudinal axis. A lower stationary leveling chassis and an upper leveling chassis are provided. Each chassis contains spaced apart rollers. An upper stationary back plate is rigidly secured to the upper end of each beam, and a moving coupling device couples the upper leveling chassis to the upper back plate. A device allows a vertical translational movement of the upper leveling chassis in relation to the upper stationary back plate between a rest position where the rollers of the upper leveling chassis are moved away from rollers of the lower leveling chassis and a leveling position where rollers of the upper leveling chassis are moved towards rollers of the lower leveling chassis and the strip is forced to travel along an undulating path.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for preparing steel stock before hot rolling. The steps of preheating the stock (5, 16, 22) in a first induction furnace (6) so that the preheated stock enters a subsequent descaling apparatus (7) with a surface temperature of T1?1000° C.; descaling the preheated stock by a plurality of water jets in a descaling apparatus (7); direct subsequent heating of the descaled stock in a second induction furnace (8), where the descaled stock enters the second induction furnace (8) at a temperature T2 which is ?Tcurie of the stock and heating in the second induction furnace 8 is either in a largely inert or largely reducing protective gas atmosphere; passing the heated stock in a rolling mill (9), where the heated stock enters the rolling mill (9) at a temperature 1220° C.?T3 1050° C.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for transferring a metal coil, e.g., for transferring a metal coil in a coil box, on a transfer path between a first coil position and a second coil position, wherein the metal coil is supported during the transfer on the transfer path in segments by means of support rollers, and wherein the metal coil is simultaneously unwound, wherein a cradle expanding in the direction of the transfer path is formed by changing the positions of support rollers disposed adjacent to each other, wherein the coil is supported by two support rollers disposed on a first frame part in the first coil position and is displaced in the direction of the second coil position from said first coil position in that said frame part is simultaneously tilted and lowered.

Abstract: A method for producing moldings, in particular briquettes, from fine-grained to medium-grained mixed material using organic binders. In a first stage, the mixed material is heated to a temperature necessary for the molding operation. In a second, atmospherically separate stage, mixing of the mixed material with binder is performed, as well as downstream steps of the process. The method allows hazardous emissions to be avoided.

Abstract: A method and device for producing hot-rolled products in a combined continuous casting and rolling system (1). The method steps in the device for separating and removing (6) in order to overcome a disruption in production in a part of the system located downstream of the device for separating and removing (6): (a) separating the endlessly produced precursor material (3) into a strand portion (21) by means of a shears (9); (b) clamping (23) the strand portion (21); (c) raising the trailing part of the strand portion (21) from the roller table (4) by a raising device (11), so that the strand portion (21) is drawn away from the shears (9) in the direction of transport (7); (d) cutting the precursor material (3) into a precursor material portion (10) by means of the shears (9); (e) removing the precursor material portion (10) from the roller table (4), and removing the strand portion (21) until the combined continuous casting and rolling system (1) is ready to operate again.

Abstract: A method and a system for generating steam using the waste gases from plants for pig iron manufacture: waste gas removed as export gas (12) from the plant for pig iron manufacture is thermally utilized by combustion, and the waste gas from the combustion is fed to a heat-recovery steam generator (29). To utilize more energy from the export gas (12) for power generation, the export gas (12) is fed into a combustion chamber (23) located upstream of the heat-recovery steam generator (29), and after the combustion in the heat-recovery steam generator (29), heat is extracted from the export gas (12) without the export gas (12) passing through a gas turbine between combustion and heat-recovery steam generator. The pressure in the combustion chamber (23) and heat-recovery steam generator (29) are set above atmospheric pressure by means of a gas flow regulator (31) that is located downstream of the heat-recovery steam generator (29).