Abstract: A complex-wavefront photonic transceiver including a coherent source; a complex transmitter waveform generator programmable to modulate a first portion of the coherent electromagnetic radiation, when received from the coherent source, to form a complex waveform comprising at least a pre-distortion to compensate for, or an adaptive beamforming to determine, a distortion of the complex waveform caused by at least the transceiver or during transmission of the complex waveform to a receiver aperture, the receiver aperture outputting receiver signals in response thereto; and a transmitter aperture for transmitting the complex waveform when received from the complex transmitter waveform generator. The transceiver further includes a receiver processor programmable to determine a phase and amplitude of the complex waveform, when received on the receiver aperture, from a combination of the received signals with a second portion of the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for making a freeze-cast material having a internal structure, the methods comprising steps of: determining the internal structure of the material, the internal structure having a plurality of pores, wherein: each of the plurality of pores has directionality; and the step of determining comprises: selecting a temperature gradient and a freezing front velocity to obtain the determined internal structure based on the selected temperature gradient and the selected freezing front velocity; directionally freezing a liquid formulation to form a frozen solid, the step of directionally freezing comprising: controlling the temperature gradient and the freezing front velocity to match the selected temperature gradient and the selected freezing front velocity during directionally freezing; wherein the liquid formulation comprises at least one solvent and at least one dispersed species; and subliming the at least one solvent out of the frozen solid to form the material.

Abstract: An antenna, includes in part, a metal piece formed on a surface of a substrate and configure to radiate electromagnetic waves, a metal feed formed in the substrate and configure to supply electrical signal to the metal piece, and a multitude of metallic walls formed in the substrate and enclosing the metal piece. The antenna may be a patch antenna, a monopole antenna, or a dipole antenna. Each metallic wall may include a via that is fully or partially filled by a metal, or an electroplated tub formed in the substrate. The antenna further includes, in part, a metallic trace formed on the surface of the substrate and enclosing the antenna. The substrate may be a printed circuit board.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of coating a detector. The method includes: providing the detector including a detector surface; performing a planarization process to the detector surface; performing a piranha clean process to the planarized surface; performing a slight etch to the piranha cleaned surface; performing an ammonium fluoride etching step to the slight etched surface to create a decontaminated surface. The decontaminated surface is an atomically flat silicon surface with surface and subsurface damage and contamination significantly reduced. A multilayer 2D-doped layer may be epitaxially grown on the decontaminated surface. The detector may provide high quantum efficiency with uniform and stable performance from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: Some implementations of the disclosure relate to a wearable biosensor device including an iontophoresis module configured to stimulate production of a sweat sample from skin of a user, the sweat sample including biomarkers; a microfluidic module configured to collect the sweat sample, mix the sweat sample with labeled detection reagents to obtain a mixture including the biomarkers bound to the labeled detection reagents, and route the mixture to a detection reservoir of the microfluidic module; and a sensor assembly including a bioaffinity sensor configured to quantify the biomarkers of the mixture in the detection reservoir to determine a concentration of the biomarkers present in the sweat sample. The bioaffinity sensor includes an electrode functionalized to bind to the biomarkers of the mixture. The bioaffinity sensor can quantify the biomarkers to determine their concentration with a sensitivity on the order nanomoles or picomoles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for catalyzed asymmetric bipolar membranes are described. Catalyzed asymmetric bipolar membranes can sustain desired current densities under low operational voltage for prolonged time periods. Catalyzed asymmetric bipolar membranes can be implemented in electrodialysis cells for various applications such as carbon capture.

Abstract: Systems and method for detecting light emitting biomarkers are described. The detection systems can be tuned to detect desired wavelengths emitted from biomarkers. The compact and cost-effective detection systems can provide detection results of the biomarkers in a timely manner.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of making core-shell and yolk-shell nanoparticles, and to electrodes comprising the same. The core-shell and yolk-shell nanoparticles and electrodes comprising them are suitable for use in electrochemical cells, such as fluoride shuttle batteries. The shell may protect the metal core from oxidation, including in an electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, an electrochemically active structure includes a dimensionally changeable active material forming a particle that expands or contracts upon reaction with or release of fluoride ions. One or more particles are at least partially surrounded with a fluoride-conducting encapsulant and optionally one or more voids are formed between the active material and the encapsulant using sacrificial layers or selective etching. When the electrochemically active structures are used in secondary batteries, the presence of voids can accommodate dimensional changes of the active material.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to modified tryptophan synthase and more particularly to modified beta-subunits of tryptophan synthase. The disclosure further relates to cells expressing such modified subunits and methods of producing non-canonical amino acids.

Abstract: A method for abnormality detection in an energy unit includes passively detecting an abnormality in an energy unit by detecting electromagnetic radiation generated by the abnormality, the energy unit comprising at least one of an electrical energy unit and an electrochemical energy unit. A method for detecting an abnormality in an energy unit includes (a) applying a signal to the energy unit, (b) performing a plurality of measurements, at a respective plurality of different locations within the energy unit, of a response of the energy unit to the signal, and (c) processing the plurality of measurements to identify the abnormality.

Abstract: A lens-less 3-D imaging device includes, in part, a multitude of optical receiving elements positioned along a concave or flat surface defining a focal zone of the imaging device. Each optical receiving element has a field of view that overlaps with a field of view of a number of other optical receiving elements. The optical receiving elements may optionally be grating couplers or photo detectors. The optical receiving elements may be disposed on a circuit board. The circuit board may be flexible and include control circuitry configured to form the image in accordance with the received responses of the optical receiving elements and further in accordance with the optical transfer functions of the of optical receiving elements. The circuit boards may include one or more flex sensors or strain gauges adapted to determine their curvatures.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions to cause a system to detect a genetic variation in a polynucleotide analyte in a sample. A fluorophore is attached to a first primer, a quencher is attached to a second primer, and the first primer and the second primer are specific for the polynucleotide analyte. The primers are configured to amplify the polynucleotide analyte having the genetic variation and a corresponding polynucleotide analyte lacking the generic variation. There is a detectable difference between a measured change in signal generated by the fluorophore and quencher, when using the first and second primers to amplify the polynucleotide analyte with the genetic variation, and a change in signal generated by the fluorophore and quencher, when using the first and second primers to amplify the corresponding polynucleotide analyte lacking the genetic variation.

Abstract: A method for processing a surface, comprising obtaining a substrate comprising an epitaxially grown semiconductor; reacting a surface of the semiconductor and/or a surface of a dielectric layer on the semiconductor, with a reactant comprising a gas or a plasma, to form a reactive layer on the dielectric layer and/or the semiconductor, wherein the reactive layer comprises a chemical compound including the reactant and elements of the dielectric layer or the semiconductor; and processing (e.g.

Abstract: Programmable guide RNAs (gRNAs) play a central role in the CRISPR revolution sweeping biology and medicine by directing the function of a Cas protein effector to a target gene of choice. To achieve programmable control over regulatory scope, the activity of a conditional guide RNA (cgRNA) depends on the presence or absence of an RNA trigger, allowing for cell-selective regulation of CRISPR/Cas function. Unlike a standard gRNA, a cgRNA is programmable at multiple levels, with the target-binding sequence controlling the target of Cas activity (edit, silence, induce, or bind a gene of choice) and the trigger binding sequence controlling the scope of Cas activity. cgRNA mechanisms that are allosteric allow for independent design of the target and trigger sequences, providing the flexibility to select the regulatory target and scope independently.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to modified tryptophan synthase and more particularly to modified beta-subunits of tryptophan synthase. The disclosure further relates to cells expressing such modified subunits and methods of producing non-canonical amino acids.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, systems, compositions, and kits for the multiplexed detection of a plurality of analytes in a sample. In some examples, this disclosure provides methods, systems, compositions, and kits wherein multiple analytes may be detected in a single sample volume by acquiring a cumulative measurement or measurements of at least one quantifiable component of a signal. In some cases, additional components of a signal, or additional signals (or components thereof) are also quantified. Each signal or component of a signal may be used to construct a coding scheme which can then be used to determine the presence or absence of any analyte.

Abstract: Methods and systems and related compositions for separating through a solid matrix a mixture comprising a nucleic acid in a concentration of 1 ?M or less, together with a target compound having a water solubility equal to or greater than 0.001 g per 100 mL, which can be used for managing fluid flow, biochemical reactions and purification of the nucleic acid or other target analytes. The method comprises contacting the solid matrix with a target compound removing agent having a water solubility equal to or less than 0.05 g per 100 mL at 25° C. at 1 atm pressure with water having a solubility in the removing agent of less than 10 g per 100 mL at 25° C. at 1 atm pressure, the contacting performed to remove the target compound from the solid matrix.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the synthesis of ?12-Prostaglandin J product using stereoretentive ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts supported by dithiolate ligands. ?12-Prostaglandin J products were generated with excellent selectivity (>99% Z) and in moderate to high/good yields (47% to 80% yield; 58% to 80% yield).

Abstract: A spectrometer includes a transparent substrate including a first surface and a second surface that face each other and are substantially parallel to each other; a slit provided on the first surface and through which light is incident onto the transparent substrate; a spectrum optical system including metasurface including a plurality of nanostructures that are two-dimensionally arranged and satisfy a sub-wavelength scattering condition, wherein the metasurface includes a focusing metasurface which includes first nanostructures of the plurality of nanostructures, and is configured to reflect, disperse, and focus the light incident thereon through the slit, at different angles based on respective wavelengths; and a sensor configured to receive the light from the focusing metasurface. When L is a total length of an optical path from the slit to the sensor and D is a thickness of the transparent substrate, L and D satisfy the following inequality: L/D>3.

Abstract: Interferometric speckle visibility spectroscopy methods, systems, and non-transitory computer readable media for recovering sample speckle field data or a speckle field pattern from an off-axis interferogram recorded by one or more sensors over an exposure time and determining sample dynamics of a sample being analyzed from speckle statistics of the speckle field data or the speckle field pattern.