Abstract: The present disclosure provides nicotinate/nicotinamide riboside compounds or derivatives of formula (I): wherein X?, Z1, Z2, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are described herein, reduced analogs thereof, and synthetic processes for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: A method of authenticating a target device using a reader and a data store comprising: sending a selected challenge data value from the reader to the target device multiple times; receiving at the reader the respective response data value generated by the target device in response to each instance of the challenge data value sent by the reader; determining a representative response data value from the response data values received by the reader; comparing the representative response data value against the response data values in the respective challenge-response data set; and determining that the target device is authentic if the representative data value matches any one of the response data values from a respective challenge-response data set.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an amphipathic peptide and methods of using the amphipathic peptide for delivering small molecule agents to a cell. Ideally, the amphipathic cell penetrating peptide comprises less than approximately 50 amino acid residues with at least 6 arginine residues, at least 12 Alanine Residues, at least 6 leucine residues, optionally at least one cysteine residue, and at least two but no greater than three glutamic acids wherein the arginine residues are evenly distributed along the length of the peptide; and the peptide has a defined ratio of arginine to negatively charged amino acid residues and a defined ratio of hydrophilic amino acid residues to hydrophobic amino acid residues. The present invention is also directed to a nanoparticle and cell delivery system comprising the amphipathic cell penetrating peptide of the invention. The peptide, nanoparticle or cell delivery system of the invention may be used in therapy.

Abstract: A microprotrusion array for use in transport of a material across a biological barrier, wherein said array comprises a plurality of microprotusions composed of a swellable polymer composition.

Abstract: A system for focusing and accelerating a beam of electrically charged particles, for example protons. The system comprises: a beam generator; a charge pulse generator; and a focusing and accelerating device comprising a body with a core. The body defines a charge path extending along the body and beam generator directs a beam of electrically charged particles through the core. The charge pulse generator simultaneously delivers charge pulses to the charge path. The charge path may be helical in shape. Movement of the charge pulse along the path creates an electric field that simultaneously accelerates and focuses the beam.

Abstract: A synthetic process is provided for the preparation of phosphorylated analogs of nicotinamide riboside (“NR”) having the formula (I), or salts thereof, and reduced or modified derivatives thereof, having the formula (II), wherein X?, Y1, Y2, Z1, Z2, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are as defined herein. The present disclosure also relates to the preparation of phosphorylated analogs of nicotinic acid riboside (“NAR”) having the formula (I), or salts thereof, and reduced or modified derivatives thereof, having the formula (II). Generally solvent-free conditions are employed using appropriate mechano-chemical techniques as described.

Abstract: Derivatives of nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and reduced NAR and NR, including 1-(2?,3?,5?-triacetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinic acid (4a), and compositions containing the same and/or reduced derivative forms of nicotinamide riboside including 1-(2?,3?,5?-triacetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-nicotinamide (2), are provided for use in the care of treatment of skin and skin conditions. In some embodiments, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and cosmetic compositions containing one or more NR, NAR, NRH, or NARH derivatives, or prodrugs or salts thereof. In further embodiments, the invention relates to methods of using one or more NR, NAR, NRH, or NARH derivatives, or prodrugs, solvates, or salts thereof, to promote the increase of intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in cells and tissues for improving cell and tissue survival and overall cell and tissue health.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the removal of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed using specifically selected ionic liquids comprising, contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed with an ionic liquid having the formula [Cat+][M+][X?] and separating from the ionic liquid a hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to the mercury-containing fluid feed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a metal-organic compound, said metal-organic compound comprising at least one metal ion and at least one organic ligand, wherein said organic ligand is capable of associating with said metal ion, comprising at least the steps of; providing a first reactant comprising at least one metal in ionic form; providing a second reactant comprising at least one organic ligand capable of associating with said metal in ionic form; and admixing said first and second reactants under conditions of prolonged and sustained pressure and shear sufficient to synthesise said metal-organic compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods that employ FKBPL as a marker for a subject's sensitivity to endocrine therapies in the treatment of cancers, and as a predictive marker of cancer progression and disease free survival in relation to hormone responsive cancers.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymer particles, a process for their preparation, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.

Abstract: Alternative methods for the detection and measurement of proteases in biological samples and compounds which allow for such detection are required to allow for rapid and selective identification of these enzymes. Compounds which allow for selective identification of these enzymes are provided with assays and kits for their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the removal of organic acids, particularly naphthenic acids, from crude oils and crude oil distillates by use of a supported basic ionic liquid in a mass ratio of crude oil and/or crude oil distillate and ionic liquid of from greater than 40:1, the basic ionic liquid comprises a basic anion selected from serinate, prolinate, histidinate, threoninate, valinate, asparaginate, taurinate and lysinate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ionic liquid compositions comprising active pharmaceutical, biological, and nutritional compounds, and methods of use. Further disclosed are compositions of matter including liquid ion pairs alone or in solution and their use; compositions of ionic liquids that are ‘solvated,’ for example, ‘hydrated’ and their uses.

Abstract: There is provided a non-water soluble drug delivery composition comprising a conjugate and a polymer matrix wherein exposure of the composition to electromagnetic radiation at a suitable pre-determined wavelength and intensity induces release of the active ingredient from the composition. The conjugate is attached to the polymer matrix through non-covalent interactions. There is also provided a drug delivery apparatus formed from the drug delivery composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to base oils for lubricating compositions. In particular, the present invention provides a process for the selective oligomerisation of C5 to C20 alpha-olefins to produce polyalphaolefin oligomers with a molecular weight distribution that is suitable for use in lubricant base oils.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods that employ FKBPL as a marker for a subject's sensitivity to endocrine therapies in the treatment of cancers, and as a predictive marker of cancer progression and disease free survival in relation to hormone responsive cancers.

Abstract: A method of coating a metallic article having an at least part-metallic surface comprising a first metal, with a surface having a pre-determined wettability, the method at least comprising the steps of: (a) coating at least a part of the metallic article with a layer of a second metal to provide a metal-metal bonded surface, said surface being rough either prior to or because of step (a); and (b) contacting the metal-metal bonded surface of step (a) with a material to provide the surface having the pre-determined wettability. The first metal may be one or more of the group comprising: iron, zinc, copper, tin, nickel and aluminum, and alloys thereof including steel, brass, bronze and nitinol for example. Preferably, the second metal is coated onto the first metal using electroless Galvanic deposition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining predisposition of a subject to developing renal dysfunction induced by physical trauma, hypotension, sepsis and/or septic shock syndrome, wherein the method comprises the steps of:—a. determining the level of an anti-inflammatory cytokine present in a sample taken from the subject prior to physical trauma, prior to a hypotensive event, prior to sepsis, and/or prior to septic shock syndrome; b. determining if the subject is predisposed to developing renal dysfunction following physical trauma, hypotension, sepsis and/or septic shock syndrome on the basis of the level of an anti-inflammatory cytokine determined in step a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for a method for predicting the development of renal dysfunction in a subject following physical trauma, hypotension, sepsis and/or septic shock syndrome, wherein the method comprises the steps of: —a. determining the level of an anti-inflammatory cytokine present in a sample taken from the subject after physical trauma, after a hypotensive event, after sepsis, and/or after septic shock syndrome; b. predicting the development in the subject of renal dysfunction on the basis of the level of an anti-inflammatory cytokine determined in step a).