Abstract: Railcars for transporting timber in either the "tree-length" form or "long log" form are provided. The present invention includes a railroad car comprising a central support member having at least one set of wheels disposed near its ends. A bulkhead is affixed to each end of the central support member and a plurality of cross members extend from the central support member, to which a plurality of stanchions are affixed. Thus, the cross members and the stanchions preferably form substantially "U"-shaped structures that are in a spaced-apart relationship selected to restrain both tree-length logs and long logs. The railroad car of the present invention may also include one or more apparatus for restraining a stack of timber, such as a winch and a strap. Most preferably, at least six pairs of stanchions are provided. The distance between a first stanchion and the bulkhead is between about 7.5 and 8.5 feet; the distance between the first stanchions and a second stanchion is between about 12.0 and 13.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel indane compounds, such as, for example, 5-formyl-1,1,2,3,3,4,6-heptamethylindane, a compound of the formula ##STR1## and to compositions including the same, as well as to methods for their preparation. Compounds and compositions of the invention possess a fragrant musk-like aroma and have utility in the perfumery and/or other industries.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of inducing somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures derived from varieties of Taxus. In addition, the present invention provides methods of obtaining taxol, or precursors thereof, using in vitro propagated somatic embryo tissues.

Abstract: This invention relates to two-component curable hot-melt compositions comprising thermoplastic polyamide resins that are substantially free of piperazine-containing polyamines. In one preferred embodiment the polyamide resins are the reaction product of an acid component with an amine component, wherein the amine component consists essentially of about (i) 20 to 100 equivalent percent of one or more acyclic diamines selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 1,3-pentanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,7-heptanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, methyl-1,9-nonanediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, and 2-methyl-1,2-diaminopropane, and (ii) about 0 to 80 equivalent percent of one or more polyamines selected from the group consisting of cyclic and acyclic polyamines other than those amines of (i). The compositions possess excellent heat resistance, flexibility, elasticity and resistance to solvents, including organic solvents and water.

Abstract: An improved thermoset adhesive composition comprising a thermoplastic, substantially amine-terminated polyamide resin, an epoxy resin, and a diluent, and methods for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel formate ester indane compounds having fragrant musk-like aroma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel formate ester tetralin compounds having fragrant musk-like aroma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the conversion of tall oil soap to produce crude tall oil. An aqueous tall oil soap solution generated in a kraft wood-pulping process is placed in contact with carbon dioxide, under pressure, to form crude tall oil and sodium bicarbonate brine. The crude tall oil and sodium bicarbonate brine are then allowed to separate, under pressure, into a crude tall oil layer and a sodium bicarbonate brine layer. The crude tall oil layer is then separated from the sodium bicarbonate brine layer, again under pressure. The separated crude tall oil may then be further refined to yield fatty acids, resin acids, and other constituents, which are useful in numerous industrial applications, such as in soaps, lubricants, inks, adhesives, and coatings.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the efficient recycling of carbon dioxide used in high pressure tall oil soap acidulation processes. The excess carbon dioxide used in the high pressure tall oil soap acidulation processes is recycled and contacted with an aqueous tall oil soap solution at a point before the high pressure contacting stage. Preferably, the recycled carbon dioxide is contacted in a first reactor, under pressure, to provide a preliminary tall oil mixture having an extent of acidification beyond the presence of a gel phase. Methods are provided for the monitoring of the acidulation reaction in the first reactor to maintain the extent of acidification beyond the gel phase region.

Abstract: Paper suitable for use in corrugated shipping containers is provided. Medium paper of this invention has a basis weight of at least about 15 pounds and a relatively high cross-direction crush resistance typically exceeding 2.4 pounds force per six inches width per unit base weight of the oven-dried product in lbs/1000 ft.sup.2. Linerboard of this invention has a correspondingly greater cross-direction crush resistance. The paper is preferably produced by applying starch solutions at high percent solids at elevated temperatures using a size press technique to provide at least about 30% of the starch in a defined inner zone of the paper sheet. The strength of the paper is improved through a carefully controlled distribution of the starch throughout the thickness of the paper.

Abstract: Catalysts, catalyst precursors, and catalytic systems are provided. The catalysts generally comprise a substrate that includes a group IB metal and a porous, microcrystalline layer that includes the metal and that is disposed on at least a portion of the substrate. The catalysts are prepared by providing a substrate that includes group IB metal, oxidizing said substrate in the presence of stainless steel to produce an oxide coating of said group IB metal, and reducing substantially all of said oxidized substrate.

Abstract: Stable aqueous dispersions of finely divided piperazine-containing polyamide resin particles and methods for the manufacture thereof are provided. Dispersions according to this invention find use in hot melt adhesives, coatings, inks, and the like.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for maintaining a restraining device placed over a load in constant tension as the load shifts during transit are disclosed. The present invention provides a winch having two ratchets, the first of which provides the initial tension in the restraining device. The second ratchet is connected to a spring, which is connected to the shaft upon which the restraining device is wound. By operating the second ratchet, the spring is displaced and an urging force is created. Upon a reduction of the initial tension in the restraining device, the urging force acts upon the shaft, advancing the shaft and the first ratchet, thereby maintaining the tension in the restraining device. Since the first ratchet is advanced, any slack in the restraining device is accumulated and the strap is locked into a tighter position. Methods and apparatus providing a locking bar to prevent unauthorized use of the winch and theft of the restraining device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A bag and a bag pack consisting of a plurality of bags. Each bag has upstanding handles with apertures for mounting onto a bag loading rack. The cut formation of the apertures holds the handles of the bags together in the bag pack. The bag also has a center tab section for mounting on the bag loading rack. This tab section is permanently connected to the bag for removal with the bag when the latter is removed from the bag loading rack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel indane compounds, such as, for example, 5-formyl-1,1,2,3,3,4,6-heptamethylindane, a compound of the formula ##STR1## and to compositions including the same, as well as to methods for their preparation. Compounds and compositions of the invention possess a fragrant musk-like aroma and have utility in the perfumery and/or other industries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel nitrile and aldoxime indane compounds, such as 1,1,2,3,3,4,6-heptamethylindane-5-nitrile and 1,1,2,3,3,4,6-heptamethylindane-5-aldoxime, and to compositions containing the same. Compounds and compositions of the invention possess a fragrant musk-like aroma, and thus are useful in the perfumery and/or other industries.

Abstract: A resinous binder for use in hot melt ink compositions, which ink compositions may be used in hot melt ink jet printing applications, is disclosed. The resinous binder has a melt viscosity of 250 cps or less at 150.degree. C., is sufficiently transparent to allow a colorant to be distributed through the resinous binder in an amount effective to impart a pre-determined color to the resulting hot melt ink composition, and has a blocking temperature greater than 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The disclosure is of the use of chrome humate derivatives to reduce the viscosity of and/or to prevent fluid loss in water-based drilling fluids. The composition is much more effective as a drilling mud thinner, and as a fluid loss control agent than the commercially available ferrochrome lignosulfonate, chrome lignite or humate compositions.

Abstract: A resinous binder is disclosed which is composed of a metal rosin resinate and a dilution increasing effective amount of a poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) type polymer having greater than 50,000 weight average molecular weight.Also disclosed is a gravure printing ink which comprises a solvent, a colorant and a binder system wherein all or a portion of the binder system consists of the resinous binder of this invention. The use of the resinous binder of this invention in ink compositions results in significant dilution improvement without adversely affecting other desirable properties.Also disclosed is a method for the preparation of a resinous binder having a toluene dilution value of at least 85 mls measured from a concentration of 50% solids to a viscosity of 7.5 centipoise wherein a metal oxide or metal hydroxide of zinc, calcium, sodium, potassium or magnesium is reacted with a rosin or modified rosin and a poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) type polymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 50,000.

Abstract: A remote release mechanism is disclosed which permits restraints such as flat straps placed around a load and placed in tension by a winch to be released by an operator positioned on the same side of the transportation structure as the winch. Thus, the present invention permits the hook end of a load restraint to be released from the winch side of the transportation structure, thereby eliminating the need to perform separate operations on either side of the restraint mechanism. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides apparatus comprising a hook bar connected to a rotatable drum which is held from rotation in one direction by a ratchet and pawl. Upon release by the application of force to a remote release rod, the hook bar is released and permitted to rotate, thereby causing the hook which connects the restraint to the hook bar to fall away, releasing the restraint. Methods of remotely releasing a load restraint are also disclosed.