Abstract: Methods are provided of reversing muscle loss and improving mitochondrial function via site-1 protease (S1P) inhibition. Further methods are provided for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy and age-related muscle loss via site-1 protease (S1P) inhibition.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of a method of treating or preventing kidney disease in a subject in need thereof. Another aspect of the present disclosure provides for a method of reducing a number of kidney cells having excess centrosomes or centrosome amplification (CA) or inhibiting centrosome clustering in a subject having or suspected of having a kidney disease associated with CA or increased centrosome clustering. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to the subject a centrosome clustering inhibiting agent.

Abstract: Described herein is a novel electrode-decoupled redox flow battery, a novel reinforced electrode-decoupled redox flow battery, and methods of using same to store energy. Advantages of these novel electrode-decoupled redox flow batteries include long life, excellent rate capability, and stability.

Abstract: Embodiments provide for predicting rowhammer attack vulnerability of one or more memory cells of a direct random access memory (DRAM) chip, the DRAM chip including a plurality of memory cells. An example method, determines, for each memory cell of a subset of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells, a leakage time t, a resistance of intrinsic leakage RL based at least in part on the leakage time t, an activation time of an adjacent aggressor row to flip a bit in the memory cell, a resistance of coupling leaking RSW based at least in part on the activation time, and a toggling count. The method identifies, based at least in part on one or more of the RSW, RL, or toggling count, whether the direct random memory access (DRAM) chip is vulnerable to a rowhammer attack.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of methods for producing radioisotopes and improving the specific activity of radioisotopes (e.g., Cu-64 chloride). As described herein, the method includes matching of the target material and the proton beam strike area, resulting in improved specific activity while reducing the amount of target material used.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of methods, synthetic DC, and compositions for T cell activation. The present disclosure provides for synthetic dendritic cells (DCs), methods of generating synthetic dendritic cells (DCs), methods of generating T cell-encapsulated gelatin microspheres and microcapsules, methods of activating T cells using synthetic DCs, methods for expanding T cells against individualized antigen-specific mutational antigens using synthetic DCs, and methods of treating a chronic disease (e.g., HIV, HPV) or cancer using the synthetic DCs.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of compositions for single-cell reporter assays and methods of use thereof. Also provided are methods of determining individual activities of a plurality of nucleic acid regulatory elements, identifying a regulatory element having cell type-specific activity, or determining variance in activity of a plurality of nucleic acid regulatory elements.

Abstract: A micro-bioelectrochemical cell (?-BEC) device is disclosed that includes from 4 to 96 microfluidically connected chambers, in which each chamber encloses a volume of about 1 ?L to 2 ?L. A working electrode, reference electrode, and counting electrode contacts each volume. The ?-BEC device includes a support layer coated with a working electrode layer, a microfluidics layer containing a plurality of wells, and an electrical layer containing the reference and counter electrodes. Methods of using the ?-BEC device to perform bioelectrochemical measurements of cells are also disclosed.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for enhancing MRI image quality and tracking accuracy in MR-guided treatment systems are described.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure are the provision of an image alignment and registration system and a breast cancer risk prediction system.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions related to methods of treating, ameliorating, mitigating, slowing, arresting, preventing or reversing various diseases and conditions, including age-related obesity, age-related increases in blood lipid levels, age-related decreases in insulin sensitivity, age-related decreases in memory function, and age-related changes in eye function such as macular degeneration. The methods comprise administering nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to a subject. In some embodiments, the administration can be oral administration. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising NMN.

Abstract: A compact diffuse optical tomography system for generating a functional image of a lesion region is provided. The system includes a source subsystem, a probe, a detection subsystem, and a computing device. The source subsystem includes laser diodes and a laser diode driver board. The probe is configured to emit the optical waves generated by the source subsystem toward the lesion region and detect optical waves reflected by the lesion region. The detection subsystem includes a miniaturized detection board and a miniaturized data acquisition board. The miniaturized detection board includes a photomultiplier tube configured to convert the optical waves detected by the probe to electrical signals. The miniaturized data acquisition board is configured to convert electrical signals outputted by the miniaturized detection board to digital signals. The computing device is configured to receive the digital signals, reconstruct the functional image, and display the functional image.

Abstract: A wearable device for high-density-diffuse optical tomography includes a plurality of source modules that include source housings containing a light source. The device also includes a plurality of detector modules that include detector housings, a photodiodes, transimpedance amplifiers operatively coupled to the photodiodes, and analog to digital converters operatively coupled to the transimpedance amplifier. Each detector housing contains at least one of the photodiode, the analog to digital converter, and the transimpedance amplifier. Each source and detector housing is configurable to contact a subject's scalp and deliver or receive light from the scalp at one position. The wearable device also includes a control circuit operatively coupled to the plurality of source modules and to the plurality of detector modules to operate the source and detector modules in a coordinated manner to acquire a plurality of diffuse optical tomography measurements.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for classifying a cell as abnormal based on HD5 protein detection as well as methods for predicting prognosis of a subject with Crohn's disease based on HD5 protein detection.

Abstract: Methods and systems for preparing and preserving biological samples are disclosed herein. A method comprises contacting a preserving agent with a biological sample to form a mixture, wherein the preserving agent is selected from at least one of a metal-organic framework (MOF) encapsulant or a precursor forming a MOF encapsulant, and wherein the biological sample comprises at least one target analyte. A system comprises a preserving agent selected from at least one of a metal-organic framework (MOF) encapsulant or a precursor forming a MOF encapsulant; and a substrate configured to receive a drop cast mixture of the preserving agent and a biological sample, wherein the biological sample comprises at least one target analyte.

Abstract: A system and method for defense against cache timing channel attacks using cache management hardware is provided. Sensitive information leakage is a growing security concern exacerbated by shared hardware structures in computer processors. Recent studies have shown how adversaries can exploit cache timing channel attacks to exfiltrate secret information. To effectively guard computing systems against such attacks, embodiments disclosed herein provide practical defense techniques that are readily deployable and introduce only minimal performance overhead. In this regard, a new protection framework against cache timing channel attacks is provided herein by leveraging commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware support in processor caches, including last level caches (LLC), for cache monitoring and partitioning. This framework applies signal processing techniques on per-domain cache occupancy data to identify suspicious application contexts.

Abstract: A system and method for generating at least one optimized functional images of a lesion region of a subject is provided. The system includes a diffuse optical tomography (DOT) device, and a computing device. The DOT device is configured to acquire lesion functional data of an imaging volume including the lesion region of the breast and reference functional data from a corresponding imaging volume including healthy tissue within a contralateral breast. The computing device is programmed to generate at least one functional image of the breast by reconstructing the functional data at the plurality of regions including the lesion region and the surrounding adjacent background region. The functional images may be reconstructed by an optimization method regularized a preliminary estimate generated by applying a truncated pseudoinverse matrix of a weight matrix to the functional data. The optimized functional images relate to levels of hemoglobin at the voxels.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with 6-aza-nucleoside prodrugs that are capable of inhibiting a viral infection and methods of treating viral infections such as, for example, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), chicken pox, infectious mononucleosis, mumps, measles, rubella, shingles, ebola, viral gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis, viral meningitis, human metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 2, parainfluenza virus type 3, respiratory syncytial virus, viral pneumonia, yellow fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEEV), Eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV), Western equine encephalitis (WEEV), dengue (DENV), influenza, West Nile virus (WNV), zika (ZIKV), Middle East Respiratory Syndromes (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), using these compounds.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods of treating obesity, nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or hepatocellular cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one siRNA molecule targeting SPTBN1.

Abstract: Methods and systems for ultrahigh-speed multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy that include an optical-acoustic combiner (OAC) configured to reflect the laser pulses into the sample and to transmit the photoacoustic signals to the transducer are disclosed.