Abstract: A carpooling support method, a carpooling support device, and a carpooling support system generate a vehicle allocation plan candidate of a vehicle for a first user (supporter), based on a vehicle allocation request, transmits a support request for the first user to consent to a predetermined support for a second user (support recipient) of the vehicle, to an operation terminal, acquire a support availability data from the operation terminal, where the support availability data indicating whether consent to the predetermined support is possible, and record the vehicle allocation plan candidate and the support availability data in association with each other.

Abstract: The controller starts an output of an engagement instruction of the lockup clutch when a vehicle speed becomes a lockup start vehicle speed under a state where the lockup clutch is disengaged. When the vehicle speed, which is obtained a predetermined time after the output of the engagement instruction is started due to the vehicle speed becoming the lockup start vehicle speed, has reached a predetermined vehicle speed, the controller continues the output of the engagement instruction. When the vehicle speed has not reached the predetermined vehicle speed, the controller stops the output of the engagement instruction and restarts the output of the engagement instruction when the vehicle speed reaches a lockup restart vehicle speed which is set to a vehicle speed higher than the lockup start vehicle speed while the output is stopped.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure includes a body side section (1) configured of a first composite component (10) and a body lower section (2) configured of a second composite component (20). Each of the first and second composite components (10, 20) comprises a metal plate (11, 21) and a fiber reinforced thermoplastic portion (12, 22) that contains discontinuous fibers. The fiber reinforced thermoplastic portion (12) of the first composite component (10) includes a lining layer formed on the metal plate (11) and reinforcing ribs raised from the lining layer. The fiber reinforced thermoplastic portion (22) of the second composite component (20) includes a planar portion (24) infilled in an opening (23) opened on the metal plate 21. The discontinuous fibers in the fiber reinforced thermoplastic portion (22) of the second composite component (20) are longer than the discontinuous fibers in the fiber reinforced thermoplastic portion (12) of the first composite component (10).

Abstract: A reactive pedal algorithm is used to modify an accelerator pedal output (APO)-to-torque conversion to produce more deceleration for the same accelerator pedal position. Modifying the APO-to-torque conversion provides the driver of a vehicle the sensation that the vehicle is resisting approaching closer to a lead vehicle. The APO-to-torque conversion is modified based on a scene determination to classify vehicles as in-lane, neighbor-lane, or on-coming. Lane change assist methods and systems are used to modify the APO-to-torque conversion range based on a lead vehicle, a neighbor vehicle, or both.

Abstract: A releasable alignment clip secures a primary leaf spring to one or more secondary leaf springs of a suspension of a vehicle. The releasable alignment clip prevents separation of the primary leaf spring from the secondary leaf spring during normal operation while permitting relative sliding. The releasable alignment clip has a minimum separation force such that in response to a collision forcing a wheel forwardly, the releasable alignment clip deforms and permits separation of the primary leaf spring from the secondary leaf spring to avoid the primary leaf spring from breaking between the alignment clip and a point of attachment to the vehicle. The releasable alignment clip may have a reduced thickness, notches, or one or more perforations to achieve the minimum separation force.

Abstract: A control method for an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine including a valve timing control mechanism on at least an intake side and configured to control an operation of the valve timing control mechanism on the intake side during acceleration, the method including, calculating a relational expression between an intake valve timing, the intake valve timing being an operation timing of an intake valve, and a cylinder air charge amount in a range in which the intake valve timing can be advanced or retarded within a predetermined calculation cycle from a current value, calculating a target air charge amount, the target air charge amount being a target value of the cylinder air charge amount during the acceleration, based on an operating state of the internal combustion engine, calculating a target value of the intake valve timing corresponding to the target air charge amount from the relational expression for each calculation cycle, and setting a command signal for the valve timing contr

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor base body, and a first main electrode and a second main electrode provided on the semiconductor base body. The semiconductor base body includes a drift region of a first conductivity type through which a main current flows, a column region of a second conductivity type arranged adjacent to the drift region in parallel to a current passage of the main current, a second electrode-connection region of the first conductivity type electrically connected to the second main electrode, and a low-density electric-field relaxation region of the first conductivity type having a lower impurity concentration than the drift region and arranged between the second electrode-connection region and the column region.

Abstract: The transmission control unit includes a gear ratio abnormality determination unit and a limp home control unit. The gear ratio abnormality determination unit is configured to determine that a gear ratio is abnormal when, during travelling at a predetermined gear position, a difference between an actual gear ratio, which is calculated based on a transmission input shaft rotation speed and a transmission output shaft rotation speed, and a set gear ratio at the predetermined gear position is equal to or greater than a set value.

Abstract: An apparatus for traversing a vehicle transportation network by an autonomous vehicle (AV) includes a human-autonomy teaming manager. The manager includes a first processor configured to initiate a dialogue associated with a predefined dynamic task sequence that is responsive to a condition experienced by the AV while traversing from a starting location to an ending location within the vehicle transportation network. The sequence is one of a plurality of predefined dynamic task sequences that uses multiple agents to resolve the condition. The manager receives, from an interface accessible to a human agent, an input responsive to the dialogue. The input confirms the sequence as a selected predefined dynamic task sequence or selects an other of the plurality of predefined dynamic task sequences as the selected predefined dynamic task sequence. The manager delegates tasks of the selected predefined dynamic task sequence to resolve the condition.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a solid oxide fuel cell capable of generating power by receiving a supply of a reformed gas and an oxidant gas; an oxidant gas supply device that supplies the oxidant gas to the fuel cell; a reforming unit that supplies the reformed gas to the fuel cell; a fuel supply device that supplies a fuel which is a raw material for the reformed gas to the reforming unit; a combustion unit that combusts discharged gases of the fuel cell, wherein the reforming unit can reform the fuel into the reformed gas by exchanging heat with a combustion gas produced by the combustion unit; and a first control unit controls the fuel supply device to additionally supply the fuel to the fuel cell through the reforming unit in order to prevent the oxidant gas from flowing in from downstream of a fuel electrode of the fuel cell at the time of stopping the system.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission for a vehicle includes: a variator including; a primary pulley, a secondary pulley, and an endless annular member wound around the primary pulley and the secondary pulley, the secondary pulley being provided with an urging member configured to generate an urging force in a direction in which a groove width of the secondary pulley is decreased, and a transmission gear ratio of the variator being brought to a high side of a lowest transmission gear ratio by a centrifugal hydraulic operation of an oil stored in a pulley pressure receiving chamber of the primary pulley when a vehicle speed becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined vehicle speed when the vehicle is towed.

Abstract: A method of controlling an electric vehicle includes operating the vehicle in accordance with a current pedal map. A plurality of alternative pedal maps is defined. A variance for each of the plurality of alternative pedal maps is determined. Operation of the vehicle is switched from the current pedal map to one of the alternative pedal maps based on the determined variance.

Abstract: An accent lighting system for a vehicle is disclosed that includes a light module and a transmitter. The light module includes a first inductive member and a diffuser that extends along a periphery of the light module so as to collect and distribute light generated by the light module. The transmitter includes a second inductive member that is configured for electromagnetic communication with the first inductive member so as to create current in the first inductive member and thereby power the light module.

Abstract: A self-position correction method and/or a self-position correction device use a coordinate of the axis parallel to a front-rear direction of a vehicle as a longitudinal coordinate, calculate a corrected vehicle speed by adding a vehicle speed to a correction amount set based on a longitudinal correction amount obtained by subtracting a value of the longitudinal coordinate of a position of a target object detected by a detection unit from a value of the longitudinal coordinate of a position of a target object registered on a map data, and correct a position of the vehicle on the map data by estimating a position of the vehicle based on sequential integration of a calculated movement amount of the vehicle based on the corrected vehicle speed and a yaw rate of the vehicle.

Abstract: An oil structure of an internal combustion engine includes a main oil pump configured to suck lubricating oil stored in a crankcase and feed the lubricating oil to respective engine parts and a scavenge pump configured to recover the lubricating oil from any lubricated engine part and return the lubricating oil into the crankcase. The scavenge pump has: an oil suction passage extending from the lubricated engine part to a suction side of the scavenge pump; and an air introduction passage for negative pressure control connected to the oil suction passage. An air introduction port of the air introduction passage is open to the inside of the crankcase and is set to a height position such that, when a level of the lubricating oil in the crankcase is inclined, the lubricating oil flows in from the air introduction port and returns from the scavenge pump into the crankcase.

Abstract: A battery bracket assembly for a vehicle includes a mounting bracket configured to be connected to a vehicle frame and to receive a battery. The mounting bracket includes a base, and a first wall extending upwardly from a first end of the base. A second wall extends upwardly from a second end of the base. First and second tabs extend from first and second ends of the first wall. The first and second tabs extend toward the second wall. Third and fourth tabs extend from first and second ends of the second wall. The third and fourth tabs extend toward the first wall. A third wall extends from a first side of the base. A fourth wall extends from a second side of the base. The first and third tabs are connected to the third wall and the second and fourth tabs are connected to the fourth wall.

Abstract: A vehicle management system, an on-vehicle system, and a vehicle management method are described that are capable of providing a vehicle to a user where an odor level in the vehicle fulfills a predetermined criterion. The vehicle management system selects a provision option of the vehicle, corresponding to the odor level if the odor level does not fulfill the predetermined criterion, and executes notification or vehicle control associated with the provision option.

Abstract: A sprayed coating for a sliding member of the present invention includes a ferrous alloy containing iron (Fe) as a major ingredient. The sprayed coating for the sliding member containing 10 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less of chromium (Cr), and 0.1 mass % or more and 0.5 mass % or less of silicon (Si) and having the content rate of an oxide in the sprayed coating of 1 area % or less has corrosion resistance with improved seizure resistance.

Abstract: A processor operates to: acquire first information regarding a surrounding travel environment including a travel lane in which a subject vehicle travels, on the basis of detection information from an onboard sensor; refer to map information stored in a storage device to acquire second information regarding lanes of a road; determine whether or not a travel road to which the travel lane belongs is a predetermined specific road, on the basis of the first information; and when a determination is made that the travel road is the specific road, composite the first information and the second information to generate travel environment information.

Abstract: A travel assistance method and a travel assistance device for a vehicle is capable of avoiding any risk that may arise. The method includes obtaining a risk potential of an object detected by the vehicle, associating the risk potential of the object with an encounter location at which the object is encountered, accumulating the risk potential at the encounter location, and using the accumulated risk potential to obtain a primary estimated risk potential of the object predicted to be encountered at the encounter location. The primary estimated risk potential is lower than the risk potential obtained when detecting the object. The method further includes obtaining a secondary estimated risk potential using a predicted travel movement of another vehicle that avoids a risk due to the primary estimated risk potential, and when traveling at the encounter location again, autonomously controlling travel of the vehicle using the secondary estimated risk potential.

Abstract: The controller of the server of the information processing apparatus acquires the travel plan data relating to the travel plan of the vehicle from the communication terminal via the server communicator determines whether the map data needs to be updated, which is stored in the memory of the vehicle and used for travel in accordance with the travel plan. The controller transmits an inquiry signal inquiring of the user whether to permit updating of the map data to the communication terminal via the server communicator. The controller transmits an update instruction signal for instructing the update of the map via the server communicator to the on-vehicle communicator when receiving a permission signal permitting the update of the map data.

Abstract: A vehicle bumper is provided integrally to include metal beam-extension portions on both right-and-left end sides of a metal bumper-beam portion. In this vehicle bumper, the bumper-beam portion and the beam-extension portion include a vertical wall portion, an upper wall portion and a lower wall portion, and a resin reinforcing rib is joined to inner surfaces of a void formed of each of the wall portions. In addition, in this vehicle bumper, an extension dimension of the upper wall portion and the lower wall portion of the beam-extension portion is larger than an extension dimension of the upper wall portion and the lower wall portion in the bumper-beam portion, the resin reinforcing rib in the beam-extension portion is joined to the vertical wall portion, the upper wall portion, and the lower wall portion of the beam-extension portion; and the stiffness of the bumper-beam portion is higher than the stiffness of the beam-extension portion.

Abstract: An image processing device includes: an information acquisition unit configured to acquire outside information including color information of outside of a vehicle; an image generation unit configured to generate, based on the outside information, a first image in which a difference in the color information with respect to the outside of the vehicle is within a predetermined range; and an output unit configured to output the first image to a display provided in a cabin of the vehicle.

Abstract: An engine is provided with a turbo charger including a wastegate valve. A first setpoint of opening of the wastegate valve is set in accordance with a target boost pressure. While a difference between the target boost pressure and a real boost pressure is large, the opening is controlled to a second setpoint, wherein the second setpoint is smaller than the first setpoint. While the opening is controlled to the second setpoint, it is determined whether a condition for limitation is satisfied in which an intake air quantity is above an intake air quantity criterion and an engine rotation speed is above an engine rotation speed criterion. When the condition is satisfied, the opening is controlled in a direction to increase from the second setpoint. The engine rotation speed criterion decreases as the intake air quantity increases. The intake air quantity criterion decreases as the engine rotation speed increases.

Abstract: The control device (50) operates to: calculate the ignition timing of each cylinder (101) of an engine (100) based on whether or not knocking is occurring; set, as a reference ignition timing, the ignition timing of any of the cylinders (101) for which the ignition timing is on the advanced angle side relative to the most retarded angle ignition timing on the most retarded angle side and on the retarded angle side relative to the most advanced angle ignition timing on the most advanced angle side; set an allowable timing difference range that is a range of an allowable timing difference with reference to the reference ignition timing; and when determining that the ignition timing of a cylinder (101) falls outside the allowable timing difference range, correct the ignition timing so that the timing difference with respect to the reference ignition timing falls within the allowable timing difference range.

Abstract: A control device for a vehicle having: an engine; and a variator arranged downstream of the engine in a power transmission path connecting the engine and drive wheels, wherein the control device for the vehicle has a controller that executes a low standby control which downshifts the variator by moving a belt of the variator in a vertical direction (radial direction) during stopping of the vehicle. After starting the low standby control, the controller releases an output limit of the engine based on an actual secondary pressure of the variator.

Abstract: A control device for a vehicle having: an engine; a variator arranged downstream of the engine in a power transmission path connecting the engine and drive wheels; a mechanical oil pump that is driven by the engine and supplies hydraulic pressure to the variator; and an electric oil pump that supplies hydraulic pressure to the variator, wherein the control device for the vehicle has a controller that executes a low standby control which downshifts the variator by moving a belt of the variator in a radial direction during stopping of the vehicle. The controller limits an output of the engine and increases an amount of oil discharged by the electric oil pump when executing the low standby control.

Abstract: A first multi-plate brake device and a second multi-plate brake device are arranged side by side in a direction of a rotating axis X along an inner peripheral surface of a transmission case. In the second multi-plate brake device, the snap ring is supported by a supporting portion which is formed on the first multi-plate brake device side of the snap ring and protrudes from the inner peripheral surface of the transmission case radially inward to the rotating axis X. The piston retainer of the first multi-plate brake device includes an abutting portion that protrudes to the second multi-plate brake device side and abuts the supporting portion from the opposite side of the snap ring of the second multi-plate brake device. The abutting portion includes a thick portion whose radial thickness on a lower side in a vertical direction is increased as compared to on an upper side in the vertical direction based on a state of mounting the automatic transmission on a vehicle.

Abstract: A charging method is performed to charge an accumulator battery of a vehicle. The charging method includes receiving data relating to the evolution over time of the electric power available at the charging terminal and the cost of electricity, and selecting a time window in which the cost of electricity is at a minimum. The charging method further includes estimating a temperature that the accumulator battery will have at the time of the time window and a level of charge that the accumulator battery will have before the time window, determining the electric power that the charging terminal is able to transmit to the accumulator battery during the time window, deducing a new level of charge that the accumulator battery will have at the end of the time window, comparing the new level of charge with a target level of charge, and charging the accumulator battery accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermally sprayed coating that is a thermally sprayed iron-based coating formed on an inner circumferential surface of a cylinder bore of an aluminum or aluminum alloy cylinder block. The thermally sprayed coating has a plastic deformation part on its surface. Thus, pores on the surface of the thermally sprayed coating are reduced, resulting in a reduction in the amount of oil consumption.

Abstract: A control method for a hybrid vehicle is provided. The hybrid vehicle includes an electric motor (13) that drives the vehicle to travel, a generator (12) that supplies power to the electric motor (13), and an engine (11) that drives the generator (12). The control method includes: when bringing the electric motor (13) into a regenerative state, operating the generator to drive the engine (11) in a state in which fuel supply to the engine (11) is cut, thereby executing, in accordance with required deceleration, the motoring control for consuming the output power of the electric motor (13); and when increasing the rotational speed of the engine (11) due to an increase in the required deceleration upon execution of the motoring control, setting the rotational speed of the engine (11) such that the change rate of the rotational speed of the engine (11) increases as the consumed power by the motoring control increases.

Abstract: An anticipating module for a device for controlling, in real time, the path of a motor vehicle includes a sub-module for computing a turning command for compensating for the curvature of a bend in the lane of the vehicle and a variable-gain device that is connected to an output of the computing sub-module. The gain of the variable-gain device is connected to a controller to adjust the gain so as to decrease the lateral offset between the centre of gravity of the vehicle and the centre of the lane of the vehicle depending on the result of the comparison of components of a vector of current measurements of state variables of the device to one another and to a detection threshold, the output of the variable-gain device being the steering command for compensating for the curvature of the bend.

Abstract: A base material is provided for molding in which reinforcing fibers are oriented at three or more different orientation angles. In this base material, the reinforcing fibers oriented at one or two of the three or more orientation angles are continuous fibers, and the reinforcing fibers oriented at the other orientation angles are discontinuous fibers.

Abstract: The lock-up control unit is configured to: in a case where the normal mode is selected, disengage the lock-up clutch when a vehicle speed decreases and reaches a first vehicle speed while the vehicle is traveling in a state where the lock-up clutch is engaged, in a case where the eco mode is selected, disengage the lock-up clutch when the vehicle speed decreases and reaches a second vehicle speed in a brake operation OFF state while the vehicle is traveling in the state where the lock-up clutch is engaged, in the case where the eco mode is selected, disengage the lock-up clutch when the vehicle speed decreases and reaches a third vehicle speed in a brake operation ON state while the vehicle is traveling in the state where the lock-up clutch is engaged, and set the third vehicle speed to a vehicle speed lower than the first vehicle speed, and set the second vehicle speed to a vehicle speed higher than the first vehicle speed.

Abstract: A driving control method comprises: acquiring a destination of a vehicle; referring to a first map that includes identification information of a travel lane and a second map that does not include the identification information of the travel lane; calculating a route from a current position of the vehicle to the destination; when traveling along a first route included in the route and belonging to the first map, setting first driving control, while when traveling along a second route included in the route and belonging to the second map, setting second driving control with a lower level of autonomous driving than that of the first driving control; and creating a driving plan for the vehicle to travel along the route with contents of the set driving control. A driving control apparatus is based on the method.

Abstract: A transmission case having a storage area inside for an assembling member, includes a first opening in the storage area; a seating portion provided in the storage area and on which the assembling member inserted from an opening direction of the first opening is to be seated; and a mirror-finished portion allowing an opposite portion of the assembling member facing the seating portion to be visually recognized when the assembling member is being inserted to the first opening from the opening direction.

Abstract: A vehicle door assembly includes a first molding, a second molding and an end cap. The first molding is configured to be installed to a first door component. The second molding is configured to be installed to a second door component. The first and second moldings at least partially define a vehicle window opening. The end cap supports an end of the first molding to an end of the second molding. The end cap has an extension extending across a gap at least partially defined by the first and second moldings to fill the gap.

Abstract: A vehicle control device or method controls an output of a drive source of a vehicle based on a color of an illuminated signal of a traffic light in a vehicle-advancing direction during travel in autonomous driving. The vehicle control device includes a control unit that estimates the color of the currently illuminated signal of the traffic light based on oncoming vehicle information and controls the output of the drive source based on an estimation result when the color of the illuminated signal of the traffic light cannot be acquired by the onboard camera. The control unit limits the output of the drive source and reduces a vehicle speed from a current vehicle speed to a vehicle speed at which fuel efficiency is superior to that at the current vehicle speed when the color of the illuminated signal of the traffic light is estimated to be red.

Abstract: A vehicle is disclosed that includes a vehicle body and at least one sensor assembly that is supported on the vehicle body. The at least one sensor assembly is configured to detect an external object and includes a housing portion and a sensor that is supported within the housing portion such that the sensor is oriented at a fixed (e.g., downward) angle.

Abstract: A travel control method for executing autonomous lane change control of a vehicle includes, before performing two or more successive lane changes, presenting the driver with first lane change information as to whether or not to accept execution of autonomous control of the successive lane changes; when detecting a first acceptance input made by the driver indicating that the driver accepts the execution of the autonomous control, executing first autonomous lane change control; then presenting the driver with second lane change information as to whether or not to accept execution of the autonomous lane change control after the first lane change; and when detecting a second acceptance input made by the driver, executing the autonomous lane change control after the first lane change. An action load of the second acceptance input is set smaller than an action load of the first acceptance input.

Abstract: An indicator lamp of the present invention includes a lamp body, a light source unit disposed inside the lamp body, and a light transmissive resin member disposed at a position for transmitting light that is emitted from the light source unit and for outputting the light from the lamp body. The light source unit emits red light having a maximum value of light intensity at a wavelength of 600 nm or longer and 700 nm or shorter. The light transmissive resin member has an L* value of 35 or less, a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 675 nm of 90% or greater and a total light transmittance of 5% or greater in the state in which an optical path length of transmitting light is 2 mm. This configuration provides an indicator lamp with excellent design that shows its presence by showing a red chromatic tone when a light source is turned on and that shows a black color tone when the light source is turned off.

Abstract: A CGW (7) connected to a first communication network (1) and a fifth communication network (5). The second communication network uses a communication protocol different from a communication protocol of the first communication network (1). The CGW (7) receives, from the first communication network (1), CAN frames each including a data field storing control information (CD) to be transmitted from the first communication network (1) to a second communication network (5), a CAN ID for identifying the control information (CD), and an error detection code (EC) stored in the data field and calculated on the basis of the control information (CD) and the CAN ID. The CGW (7) generates an FD frame including a data field storing the CAN frames and a CAN FD ID indicating that the CAN frames are stored in the data field, and transmits the generated FD frame to the fifth communication network (5).

Abstract: A vehicle includes a communication module capable of using two telecommunication identifier cards, one relating to a subscription between a constructor of the vehicle and a telecommunications operator, the other relating to a subscription between a user of the vehicle and a telecommunications operator. The vehicle includes a trusted execution environment hosting security functions of the vehicle and a multimedia system execution environment hosting at least a part of the communication module. The trusted execution environment includes a supervision module monitoring the connection between the vehicle and a remote management server of the vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a cooling system for a power conversion device that includes a radiator, a radiator fan supplying air to the radiator, and a power conversion device including a plurality of electric components and a casing housing the plurality of electric components inside. The casing includes a base portion which is formed of a non-metallic material and on which the plurality of electric components is placed and a cover portion formed of a metallic material, fixed to the base portion, and covering a periphery of the plurality of electric components. A refrigerant channel through which a refrigerant cooling the plurality of electric components flows is formed in the base portion of the casing, and the casing is disposed at a position where an airflow of the radiator fan is applied to the cover portion.

Abstract: A vehicle idling stop control device has switches that detect an operation of opening a driver's door and an unbuckling of a driver's seat belt as disembarkation operations by a driver. When a disembarkation operation performed by the driver is detected during an idling stop, the idling stop is cancelled and the engine is restarted upon detecting a disembarkation operation performed by a driver during the idling stop. Also, restarting of the idling stop is prevented due to ending of the disembarkation operation performed by the driver until after the vehicle starts traveling. Thus, unnecessary automatic stopping and automatic restarting of the engine are thereby avoided when the vehicle sets off without the driver actually exiting the vehicle.

Abstract: In a transmission case, a pattern exerting a water repellent effect is provided around a connection portion for a connection with an electrical component. A water passage is provided on an upper surface of an outer peripheral surface of the transmission case. A drain portion is provided on a downstream side of the water passage. The drain portion is a through hole provided in the transmission case, the through hole connecting with the water passage.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a trench on a first main surface of a conductive semiconductor substrate. The method includes laminating conductive layers, each of which is a first or a second conductive layer, along a surface normal direction of a side surface of the trench, while forming dielectric layers between a conductive layer closest to the side surface of the trench and the side surface of the trench, and between the corresponding conductive layers; and removing the first conductive layer and the dielectric layer, which are formed on a bottom portion of the trench, to electrically connect the second conductive layer to the semiconductor substrate at the bottom portion of the trench. After a portion of the first main surface, the portion being outside of the trench, is covered with an insulating protective film, the first conductive layer and the dielectric layer are removed.

Abstract: An electric vehicle control method for controlling a motor based on a torque command value in an electric vehicle includes: a disturbance torque estimation process of calculating a disturbance torque estimation value including an influence of a road surface gradient; a speed parameter acquisition process of acquiring a speed parameter relating to a vehicle speed; and a vehicle state control including a stop process of calculating a stopping basis torque target value so as to converge the torque command value to the disturbance torque estimation value in accordance with a decrease in the speed parameter, and a vibration damping process of calculating a stopping correction torque target value by performing filtering on the stopping basis torque target value.