Abstract: An electromagnetic switch includes: at least two stationary electric contacts; and a moveable contact, wherein the electromagnetic switch is configured for reciprocal motion of the moveable contact into and out of contact with the stationary electric contacts, wherein the moveable contact is configured so that at least three contact points occur in the reciprocal motion, and so that a triangle defined by the at least three contact points encloses a center of force of the movement.

Abstract: A colored photovoltaic (PV) module or roof tile including a layer of highly stable nanoparticles provides uniform, angle-independent viewer color. The nanoparticles can comprise a metal oxide such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or iron oxide. The nanoparticles can have composition and/or size tuned to absorb wavelengths of light reflected from PV cells, effectively concealing their appearance, and tuned to scatter wavelengths in a desired color range. The disclosed embodiments can provide better color uniformity and better efficiency, and be more cost-effective, than existing approaches for manufacturing colored PV modules. During the manufacturing process, a coating system, which may include one or more nozzles, can spray an inside surface of a glass cover with nanoparticles, which can be suspended in a solvent (such as water or isopropyl alcohol). The nanoparticle layer can then be encapsulated directly inside an encapsulant layer.

Abstract: We describe a photovoltaic (PV) panel system comprising a PV panel with multiple sub-strings of connected solar cells in combination with a power conditioning unit (microinverter). The power conditioning unit comprises a set of input power converters, one connected to each sub-string, and a common output power conversion stage, to provide power to an ac mains power supply output. Integration of the micro-inverter into the solar PV module in this way provides many advantages, including greater efficiency and reliability. Additionally, embodiments of the invention avoid the need for bypass diodes, a component with a high failure rate in PV panels, providing lower power loss and higher reliability.

Abstract: An energy absorbing and distributing side impact system for a vehicle includes first and second side sills, each of the first and second sills comprising multiple longitudinal channels, at least an upper longitudinal channel positioned above a vehicle floor panel and at least a lower longitudinal channel positioned below the vehicle floor panel, a battery enclosure mounted between front and rear suspensions of the vehicle, the battery enclosure having a first side member attached to the first side sill, and a second side member attached to the second side sill; cross-members integrated into the battery enclosure; and at least one mechanical connection securing the cross-members to the vehicle floor panel.

Abstract: Micro-structures and directional and multi-directional coatings for uniformly colored and directionally colored photovoltaic modules and roof tiles are described. The photovoltaic roof tiles include a glass cover with texture of a micro scale on a first side, and one or more layers of a transparent material adjoining the first side of the textured glass configured to reflect light of a color. A glass cover can have texture on a first side and a layer of sphere shaped metal nanoparticles adjoining the first side of the textured glass cover. Directionally colored solar modules can include a textured glass cover with texture on a first side and a coating layer covering one or more facets of the texture on the first side of the glass cover. The coating layer may be deposited by coating the textured glass cover in one or more directions.

Abstract: An electric vehicle drive system includes first and second electric motors, first and second torque limiters and a torque splitter. The first and second torque limiters correspond to the first and second electric motors, respectively, and generate respective first and second maximum torques. The torque splitter receives a first input that includes at least a total torque request for the first and second electric motors and the first and second maximum torques and generates at least respective first and second torque requests for the first and second electric motors, wherein the torque splitter is configured to direct a torque request to the second motor only if the first maximum torque is less than a threshold. The torque splitter may generate a zero second torque request if a motor speed of the first electric motor exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system including an electrolysis treatment system and three membrane concentration systems. The electrolysis treatment system includes a first chamber that receives waste water and produces treated waste water, a second chamber that receives first recycled water and produces dilute acid discharge, and a third chamber that receives second recycled water and produces dilute caustic discharge. An anion exchange membrane separates the first chamber from the second chamber. A cation exchange membrane separates the first chamber from the third chamber. The membrane concentration system receives the treated waste water and produces a concentrated aqueous sodium sulfate product and a pure water product. A first thermal concentration system receives the dilute acid discharge and produces first recycled water and a concentrated acid product.

Abstract: An exhaust stream treatment system includes a wet scrubber having an inlet for accepting waste exhaust containing dichloromethane, a water inlet for accepting water to be used to scrub the waste exhaust containing dichloromethane, a chamber in which the water is used to scrub the waste exhaust containing dichloromethane, an outlet for expelling dichloromethane-free exhaust, and a water outlet for expelling water and dichloromethane. The exhaust stream treatment system further includes a density separation vessel having an inlet for accepting the water and dichloromethane output by the wet scrubber, an outlet for expelling dichloromethane, and a water outlet for expelling waste water. The system may further include a waste water return loop from the waste water outlet of the density separation vessel to the water inlet of the wet scrubber. The system may further include a condenser that condenses the dichloromethane-free exhaust and a condensed water return loop.

Abstract: An electric motor includes a case, a stator that includes a stator laminaiton and end-windings, a rotor coupled to the case via at least one rotor bearing. The rotor includes a hollow cylindrical body, a first shaft portion, and a second shaft portion. The hollow cylindrical body includes an inner wall, an outer wall, a first distal end, and a second distal end. The first shaft portions couples to the first distal end and the second shaft portion couples to the second distal end. The second shaft portion includes a fluid feed tube formed therewith having a fluid receive end and a fluid feed end, the fluid feed end extending to a central inner portion of the hollow cylindrical body. A plurality of fluid exit ports adjacent the first distal end and the second distal end of the hollow cylindrical body spray fluid onto components of the stator.

Abstract: One or more techniques are disclosed for a method for functionalized a graphitic material comprising the steps of: 1) providing a graphitic material; 2) providing a first molecule comprising a first group, a spacer, and a second group; 3) providing a second molecule comprising a third group, a spacer, and a fourth group, wherein the third group is a different group from the first group; and 4) bonding the first molecule and the second molecule to the graphitic material. Also disclosed is a tunable material composition comprising the functionalized carbon nanotubes or functionalized graphene prepared by the methods described herein.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a vehicle HVAC system includes: a housing that defines at least first and second air conduits to a vehicle interior compartment; and at least first and second heat rods that each traverses the first and second air conduits, wherein a first positive temperature coefficient along a length of the first heat rod is greater at the first air conduit than at the second air conduit, and wherein a second positive temperature coefficient along a length of the second heat rod is greater at the second air conduit than at the first air conduit.

Abstract: A vehicular interface system for providing application-based access to a plurality of vehicular subsystems is disclosed. The vehicular interface system includes a display for displaying a graphical user interface (GUI). A taskbar is displayed in a first portion of the GUI, the taskbar including a plurality of icons, each of icons representing a corresponding application. A plurality of windows is displayed in a second portion of the GUI. When determining that a user-selected icon is being dragged from an initial location on the taskbar, a semi-transparent overlay, corresponding to the application to be launched, is displayed on a window of the GUI as the selected icon is being dragged within the window. When determining that the selected icon is released within a selected window, the corresponding application is launched in the selected window. In general, the application provides control options or monitoring information relating to a subsystem of a vehicle.

Abstract: A clamping assembly for securing together a pair of adjacently located panels. The clamping assembly has a retainer member having a groove therein, the groove extending linearly in a first plane disposed angularly with respect to a second plane intersecting the nose portion and defining a pair of open ends located in the first plane. The clamping assembly also has a tab member, the tab member adapted to be received within the groove of the retainer member via one of the pair of open ends of the groove, wherein the tab member is adjustable in position within the groove along the first plane.

Abstract: One embodiment can provide a system for curing conductive paste applied on photovoltaic structures using induction heating. The system can include a wafer carrier for carrying a plurality of photovoltaic structures and an induction heater. The wafer carrier can include a surface element that is in direct contact with the photovoltaic structures and is substantially thermally insulating. The induction heater can be positioned above the wafer carrier. The induction heater can include a heating coil and core that do not directly contact the photovoltaic structures.

Abstract: One embodiment can provide a current-collecting mechanism of a photovoltaic structure. The current-collecting mechanism can include a top metallic grid positioned on a top surface of the photovoltaic structure and a bottom metallic grid positioned on the bottom surface of the photovoltaic structure. The top metallic grid can include a top busbar positioned near an edge of the photovoltaic structure, and the bottom metallic grid can include a bottom busbar positioned near an opposite edge. The top busbar and the bottom busbar can have complementary topology profiles such that, when the edge of the photovoltaic structure overlaps with an opposite edge of an adjacent photovoltaic structure, the top busbar of the photovoltaic structure and the bottom busbar of the adjacent photovoltaic structure interlock with each other.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar module. The solar module includes a front-side cover, a back-side cover, and a plurality of solar cells situated between the front- and back-side covers. A respective solar cell includes a multi-layer semiconductor structure, a front-side electrode situated above the multi-layer semiconductor structure, and a back-side electrode situated below the multi-layer semiconductor structure. Each of the front-side and the back-side electrodes comprises a metal grid. A respective metal grid comprises a plurality of finger lines and a single busbar coupled to the finger lines. The single busbar is configured to collect current from the finger lines.

Abstract: An Automatic Tire Inflation System (ATIS) for use with a vehicle includes a controller, valves controlled by the controller and, for at least one drive axle having inner bearings and outer bearings, a channel formed in a spindle, first hosing coupling controlled by the controller to the channel formed in the spindle, a channel formed in a hub, a rotary air seal coupling the channel formed in the spindle to the channel formed in the hub, and second hosing coupling the channel formed in the hub to at least one wheel. The the rotary air seal may transition from a sealed state that forms a seal between the spindle and the hub to support air flow between the channel formed in the spindle and the channel formed in hub and reside in an unsealed state to negate the seal between the spindle and the hub.

Abstract: One embodiment can provide a system for conditioning rechargeable battery cells. The system can include a cell-group conditioning module. The cell-group conditioning module can include a cell interface block that includes a cell contact module and a circuit module. The circuit module can be configured to supply power to cells and can be positioned adjacent to the cell contact module. The cell-group conditioning module can further include a cell platform configured to accommodate a number of cells and an actuation mechanism coupled to the cell interface block or the cell platform and configured to reduce a distance between the cell interface block and cell platform, thereby allowing the cell contact module to establish electrical contact with the cells.

Abstract: A structural cable comprising a first conductor, a structural element, and a body with proximal and distal ends that is formed around the first conductor and the structural element, wherein the body is made of a non-conducting material.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell. The solar cell includes a substrate, a first heavily doped crystalline-Si (c-Si) layer situated above the substrate, a lightly doped c-Si layer situated above the first heavily doped crystalline-Si layer, a second heavily doped c-Si layer situated above the lightly doped c-Si layer, a front side electrode grid situated above the second heavily doped c-Si layer, and a backside electrode grid situated on the backside of the substrate.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell. The solar cell includes a Si base layer, a passivation layer situated above the Si base layer, a layer of heavily doped amorphous Si (a-Si) situated above the passivation layer, a first transparent-conducting-oxide (TCO) layer situated above the heavily doped a-Si layer, a back-side electrode situated below the Si base layer, and a front-side electrode situated above the first TCO layer. The first TCO layer comprises at least one of: GaInO, GaInSnO, ZnInO, and ZnInSnO.

Abstract: A solar tile having an obscured photovoltaic layer is described. The solar tile includes a back-sheet layer. The solar tile includes a bottom encapsulant layer adjacent to the back-sheet layer. One or more photovoltaic cells is provided adjacent to the bottom encapsulant layer. The solar tile includes a louver layer having porous louvers. A top encapsulant layer is provided adjacent to the one or more photovoltaic cells. The top encapsulant layer has a plurality of louvers constructed therein to block side view of the one or more photovoltaic cells. The solar tile further includes a top layer adjacent to the top encapsulant layer.

Abstract: The composition described herein for the prevention of corrosion comprises: sacrificial metal particles more noble than a metal substrate to which the composition contacts; carbonaceous material that can form electrical contact between the sacrificial metal particles; and means for providing an anticorrosion coating material for the metal substrate. The composition can form a coating on a metal substrate surface. A method for applying the composition for the prevention of corrosion is also described herein.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar panel. The solar panel includes a plurality of subsets of solar cells. The solar cells in a subset are coupled in series, and the subsets of solar cells are coupled in parallel. The number of solar cells in a respective subset is sufficiently large such that the output voltage of the solar panel is substantially the same as an output voltage of a conventional solar panel with all of its substantially square shaped solar cells coupled in series.

Abstract: One embodiment can provide a system for curing conductive paste applied on photovoltaic structures. The system can include a wafer carrier for carrying a plurality of photovoltaic structures and a heater. The wafer carrier can include a surface element that is in direct contact with the photovoltaic structures and is substantially thermally insulating. The heater can be positioned above the wafer carrier. The heater can include a heated radiation surface that does not directly contact the photovoltaic structures.

Abstract: One embodiment can provide a photovoltaic roof module. The photovoltaic roof module can include a plurality photovoltaic roof tiles. A respective photovoltaic roof tile can include a glass front cover, a back cover that includes glass of photovoltaic backsheet, and a plurality of photovoltaic structures encapsulated between the glass front cover and the back cover by an encapsulant. The photovoltaic roof tile can be configured to function as a roof tile when placed on a rooftop of a building, thereby protecting the building from weather elements.

Abstract: A battery pack includes an enclosure containing a plurality of battery modules. A cooling system disposed among and electrically isolated from the plurality of battery modules uses a coolant solution that is a first mixture of a first liquid and a second liquid in a predetermined ratio to produce a first boiling point. Boiling of the coolant solution changes the predetermined ratio to produce a second boiling point that is higher than the first boiling point and that is sufficient to induce a thermal runaway condition for the plurality of battery module. A sensor monitors at least one operational characteristic of the plurality of battery modules and a controller determines a possible high voltage electrolysis within the enclosure based upon the at least one operational characteristic. A remediation system is responsive to the possible high voltage electrolysis to decrease risks associated with the possible high voltage electrolysis when operated.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses various vehicle technologies for automatically activating a turn signal when a vehicle is turning or changing lanes based on analysis of data, which can include data from an image capture device, radar, a steering angle sensor, and a ultrasonic sensor. This disclosure also contemplates that a decision to automatically activate a turn signal in a vehicle that is turning or changing lanes may take into account whether other vehicles or pedestrians are in vicinity thereof and whether those other vehicles or pedestrians would benefit from the turn signal being activated.

Abstract: We describe a modular adjustable power factor renewable energy inverter system. The system comprises a plurality of inverter modules having a switched capacitor across its ac power output, a power measurement system coupled to a communication interface, and a power factor controller to control switching of the capacitor. A system controller receives power data from each inverter module, sums the net level of ac power from each inverter, determines a number of said capacitors to switch based on the sum, and sends control data to an appropriate number of the inverter modules to switch the determined number of capacitors into/out of said parallel connection across their respective ac power outputs.

Abstract: A profile piece includes: an extruded piece of a first material having a mouth portion along at least part of its length; and an insert of a second material different than the first material, the insert attached to the extruded piece by the mouth portion, wherein the insert is configured for welding the profile piece to a component of a third material different than the first material.

Abstract: A battery pack has an enclosure that contains a plurality of batteries and conductors and that resists the flow of fluid between an interior of the enclosure and an exterior of the enclosure. An exit vent formed in the enclosure at a first location allows exhaust gas to flow from the interior of the enclosure to the exterior of the enclosure. A fill port formed in the enclosure at a second location, in an impermeable state, prevent ingress of fluid from an exterior of the enclosure to an interior of the disclosure. The fill port, in a permeable state achieved by receipt of a perforation tool there through, permits ingress of a sufficient amount of a thermal-control liquid into the enclosure through the fill port to terminate a runaway thermal event in the battery pack. A fill port coupler having a passageway and an externally accessible port may be included.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a module housing and multiple battery cells positioned inside the module housing. Each of the battery cells has a first end and a second end. Further, each of the battery cells has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The energy storage system includes a first interconnect and a second interconnect positioned over the battery cells. Multiple first cell connectors connect the positive terminals of the battery cells to the first interconnect. Multiple second cell connectors connect the negative terminals of the battery cells to the second interconnect. A top plate having an interior side and an exterior side is positioned over the first interconnect and the second interconnect. The top plate includes one or more weak areas positioned above one or more battery cell.

Abstract: An MRIS gradient coil sub-assembly comprising a first coil layer comprising a first conducting coil portion, a second coil layer comprising a second conductive coil portion electrically connected with the first conductive coil portion so that the first and second conductive coil portions act together as one coil, and a B-stage material consolidation layer sandwiched between the first and second coil layers.

Abstract: A system configuration for a chilled water plant is described in which mechanical cooling is reduced in favor of less energy intensive ambient dry or evaporative cooling. While the system sees the greatest performance improvement in dry and cool climates, considerable energy savings may be realized in a variety of climate zones. Less facility hardware is required for the same amount of total cooling capacity, reducing the overall cost of the plant.

Abstract: An energy absorbing and distributing side impact system for a vehicle includes: first and second side sills, each of the first and second sills comprising multiple longitudinal channels, at least an upper longitudinal channel positioned above a vehicle floor panel and at least a lower longitudinal channel positioned below the vehicle floor panel; a battery enclosure mounted between front and rear suspensions of the vehicle, the battery enclosure having a first side member attached to the first side sill, and a second side member attached to the second side sill; cross-members integrated into the battery enclosure; and one or more bolts each extending though a respective opening in one of the cross-members and extending to an opposite side of the vehicle floor panel from the cross-member.

Abstract: One or more techniques are disclosed for a method for functionalized a graphitic material comprising the steps of: 1) providing a graphitic material; 2) providing a first molecule comprising a first group, a spacer, and a second group; 3) providing a second molecule comprising a third group, a spacer, and a fourth group, wherein the third group is a different group from the first group; and 4) bonding the first molecule and the second molecule to the graphitic material. Also disclosed is a tunable material composition comprising the functionalized carbon nanotubes or functionalized graphene prepared by the methods described herein.

Abstract: An energy storage pack includes a coolant inlet manifold, a coolant outlet manifold, and a plurality of thermal-exchange tubes extending between the coolant inlet manifold and the coolant outlet manifold to exchange heat between coolant passing through the plurality of thermal-exchange tubes and a plurality of battery cells mounted adjacent to and among the plurality of thermal-exchange tubes within the energy storage pack. In one embodiment, at least one of coolant inlet manifold and the coolant outlet manifold includes a plurality of thermal-exchange tube terminating structures and a plurality of hose segments intercoupling the plurality of thermal-exchange tube terminating structures. The energy storage pack may further include a coolant inlet opening located on the coolant inlet manifold and a coolant outlet opening located on the coolant outlet manifold.

Abstract: A method of launching a software program or application is provided for use with a graphical user interface (GUI) display. One portion of the GUI display includes a taskbar while a second portion is divided into a plurality of windows. To launch one of the programs/applications represented by the icons within the taskbar, the user first selects the icon representing the icon to be launched. When the user drags the selected icon into one of the windows and then releases the icon, the selected program/application is launched in the selected window.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing cells includes: assembling cells that include at least electrodes and electrolyte contained in a housing; after assembly, storing the cells in contact with a liquid-based thermal system; circulating liquid in the liquid-based thermal system at least while the cells are in contact with the liquid-based thermal system, the liquid having a first temperature; after storing the cells at the first temperature, and while the cells have at least a partial charge, performing a first open circuit voltage (OCV) test on the cells; after the first OCV test, storing the cells at a second temperature lower than the first temperature; after storing the cells at the second temperature, performing a second OCV test on the cells; and for each of the cells, discarding or keeping the cell based at least in part on the first and second OCV tests.

Abstract: A vehicle includes: a front windshield that continuously extends along an A-pillar so as to form a partial roof of the vehicle above a driver area; a visor having a proximate end hinged to the A-pillar so as to assume a stowed position along the A-pillar; and on the front windshield, an attachment configured to selectively engage a distal end of the visor in a deployed position.