Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a battery pack, and more particularly, to a battery pack, the temperature of which is maintained within a certain range by a heating component or a heat dissipating component attached thereto.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for minimizing line edge/width roughness in lines formed by photolithography are provided. In one example, a method of processing a substrate includes applying a photoresist layer comprising a photoacid generator to on a multi-layer disposed on a substrate, wherein the multi-layer comprises an underlayer formed from an organic material, inorganic material, or a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, exposing a first portion of the photoresist layer unprotected by a photomask to a radiation light in a lithographic exposure process, and applying an electric field or a magnetic field to alter movement of photoacid generated from the photoacid generator substantially in a vertical direction.

Abstract: Provided is a method of improving the cycle-life of a lithium metal secondary battery, the method comprising implementing an anode-protecting layer between an anode active material layer (or an anode current collector layer substantially without any lithium when the battery is made) and a porous separator/electrolyte assembly, wherein the anode-protecting layer is in a close physical contact with the anode active material layer (or the anode current collector), has a thickness from 10 nm to 500 ?m and comprises an electrically and ionically conducting network of cross-linked polymer chains having a lithium ion conductivity from 10?8 to 5×10?2 S/cm and an electron conductivity from 10?8 to 103 S/cm and wherein the anode active material layer contains a layer of lithium or lithium alloy, in a form of a foil, coating, or multiple particles aggregated together, as an anode active material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method comprising forming a radiation-sensitive film on a substrate; wherein the radiation-sensitive film comprises a radiation-sensitive composition comprising a photoacid generator; a quencher; an acid labile polymer formed from monomers comprising a vinyl aromatic monomer and a monomer comprising an acid decomposable group; and a solvent; patternwise exposing the radiation-sensitive film to activating radiation; and contacting the radiation-sensitive film with an alkaline developing solution to form a resist pattern.

Abstract: A prelithiated lithium ion battery includes: ion beam implanted lithium; a cathode; and an anode disposed on the cathode and an electrolyte in electrical communication with the cathode and the anode, the cathode or the anode including the ion beam implanted lithium such that: when the cathode includes the ion beam implanted lithium, the ion beam implanted lithium is present in an absence of solid electrolyte interface composition in the cathode; and when the anode includes the ion beam implanted lithium, the ion beam implanted lithium is present in an absence of solid electrolyte interface composition in the anode.

Abstract: Provided is a method of improving fast-chargeability of a lithium secondary battery containing an anode, a cathode, a porous separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte, wherein the method comprises packing particles of an anode active material to form an anode active material layer having interstitial spaces and disposing a lithium ion reservoir in the interstitial spaces, configured to receive lithium ions from the cathode through the porous separator when the battery is charged and to enable the lithium ions to enter the particles of anode active material in a time-delayed manner.

Abstract: Precursor solutions for radiation patternable coatings are formed with an organic solvent and monoalkyl tin trialkoxides in which the water content of the solvent is adjusted to be within 10 percent of a selected value. Generally, the water content of the solvent is adjusted through water addition, although water removal can also be used. In some embodiments, the adjusted water content of the solvent can be from about 250 ppm by weight to about 10,000 ppm by weight. With the appropriate selection of ligands, the adjusted precursor solutions can be stable for at least about 42 days, and in some cases at least 8 months.

Abstract: A composition includes a perfluorinated propenylamine represented by the following general formula (1): Each occurrence of Rf1 and Rf2 is: (i) independently a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally comprises one or more catenated heteroatoms; or (ii) bonded together to form a ring structure having 4-8 carbon atoms and that optionally comprises one or more catenated heteroatoms. At least 60 wt. % of the perfluorinated propenylamine is in the form of the E isomer, based on the total weight of the perfluorinated propenylamine in the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for setting an operating strategy for a fuel cell system (2) of a power generation device (1), in particular in the form of a vehicle, depending on an operating mode of the power generation device (1), having the steps of: a determination unit (3) determining at least one current operating parameter (P1) of the power generation device (1), the determination unit (3) determining at least one cumulative and/or predictive operating parameter (P2, P3, P4) of the power generation device (1), and a setting device (8) setting the operating strategy for the fuel cell system (2) on the basis of the at least one current operating parameter (P1) and the at least one cumulative and/or predictive operating parameter (P2, P3, P4) of the power generation device (1). The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding circuit arrangement (10), to a computer program (20) and to a storage means with a computer program (20) stored thereon.

Abstract: A film-forming powder containing a rare earth oxyfluoride has an average particle size D50 of 0.6-15 ?m, a total volume of ?10 ?m pores of 0.51-1.5 cm3/g as measured by mercury porosimetry, and a BET surface area of 3-50 m2/g is suitable for forming a dense film in high yields or deposition rates and high productivity. The film-forming powder having a greater pore volume can be prepared by forming a rare earth ammonium fluoride complex salt on surfaces of rare earth oxide particles to provide precursor particles, and heat treating the precursor particles at a temperature of 350 to 700° C.

Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency including a fluorescent material as a light-emitting substance. In a light-emitting element including a pair of electrodes and an EL layer between the pair of electrodes, a delayed fluorescence component due to triplet-triplet annihilation accounts for 20% or more of light emitted from the EL layer, and the light has at least one emission spectrum peak in the blue wavelength range. The EL layer includes an organic compound in which an energy difference between the lowest singlet excited energy level and the lowest triplet excited energy level is 0.5 eV or more. The EL layer includes a benzo[a]anthracene compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrolyte membrane and a method of manufacturing the same. The electrolyte membrane, in which the continuity of a channel through which protons move is improved, may include ionomer solutions having different viscosities and a porous support having pores therein.

Abstract: A phthalocyanine compound a photosensitive resin composition including the same, a photosensitive resin layer produced using the photosensitive resin composition, a color filter including the photosensitive resin layer, and a display device including the color filter, the phthalocyanine compound exhibiting a shortest wavelength of a full width at half maximum (FWHM) with respect to a maximum absorption wavelength in a range of about 600 nm to about 620 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer including a constituent unit (1) based on a monomer represented by Formula (1), in which a content of a constituent unit based on a monomer having a polycyclic structure is 35 mol % or less. In Formula (1), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, A1 represents a linking group including an ester bond, or a single bond, where A1 has no tertiary carbon atom, and Z1 represents an atomic group forming a sulfur-containing cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, which includes a carbon atom bonded to A1, and —SO2—.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel photoacid generator compound cation, comprising an element having for 92 eV photons (extreme ultraviolet (EUV)) an absorption cross section of at least 0.5×107·cm2/mol; having at least two stable oxidation states; and selected from the elements of group 1 to group 15 of the periodic table of the elements. Additionally, the present invention relates to a photoacid generator comprising said photoacid generator compound cation and an anion. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a photoresist composition comprising said photoacid generator and an acid labile polymer. Finally, the present invention relates to a method of generating an acid using the photoresist composition and a method of forming a patterned materials feature on a substrate.

Abstract: Topcoat compositions are provided that can be used in immersion lithography to form photoresist patterns. The topcoat compositions include a solvent system that comprises 1) a first organic solvent represented by formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl groups of 3-8 carbons and the total number of carbons of R1 and R2 is greater than 6; and 2) a second organic solvent that is a C4 to C10 monovalent alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing water from a fuel cell system (1) comprising a fuel cell stack (2) having an anode portion (3) and a cathode portion (4), a purge valve (5) downstream of the anode portion (3) for controlling a purge pressure in the anode portion (3), and a back pressure valve (6) downstream of the cathode portion (4) for controlling a back pressure in the cathode portion (4), comprising the steps: increasing the purge pressure in the anode portion (3) to a predefined purge pressure setpoint (AP1) with the purge valve (5) closed, increasing the back pressure in the cathode portion (4) to a predefined back pressure setpoint (KP1) with the back pressure valve (6) closed, and subsequently reducing the increased purge pressure as well as the increased back pressure in pulses by opening the purge valve (5) and the back pressure valve (6).

Abstract: A secondary battery electrode is provided that may achieve a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high energy output density with a small amount of a conductive aid. The secondary battery electrode has a mixture layer containing graphene and a secondary battery active substance. The secondary battery electrode has a mean aspect ratio of 2.0 or greater in an electric conductive material portion from a cross section of the secondary battery electrode, as specified by the method described below.

Abstract: Provided are an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a resin (A), in which the resin (A) includes a repeating unit having an acidic group and a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group, a content of the repeating unit having an acidic group is 15% by mole or more with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A), a content of the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group is more than 20% by mole with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A), a glass transition temperature of the resin (A) is 145° C. or lower, and the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition is used for formation of a film having a film thickness of 2 ?m or more; and a resist film, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device, each using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.

Abstract: An object is to provide a photo-curable composition having high dry etching resistance and high thermal stability. A photo-curable composition includes at least a polymerizable compound (A) and a photopolymerization initiator (B), and further includes at least one of a flame retarder (E) and a flame-retardant polymerizable compound (F).