Abstract: Method of forming pattern in photoresist layer includes forming photoresist layer over substrate, selectively exposing photoresist layer to actinic radiation forming latent pattern. Latent pattern is developed by applying developer to form pattern. Photoresist layer includes photoresist composition including polymer: A1, A2, L are direct bond, C4-C30 aromatic, C4-C30 alkyl, C4-C30 cycloalkyl, C4-C30 hydroxylalkyl, C4-C30 alkoxy, C4-C30 alkoxyl alkyl, C4-C30 acetyl, C4-C30 acetylalkyl, C4-C30 alkyl carboxyl, C4-C30 cycloalkyl carboxyl, C4-C30 hydrocarbon ring, C4-C30 heterocyclic, —COO—, A1 and A2 are not both direct bonds, and are unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen, carbonyl, or hydroxyl; A3 is C6-C14 aromatic, wherein A3 is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, carbonyl, or hydroxyl; R1 is acid labile group; Ra, Rb are H or C1-C3 alkyl; Rf is direct bond or C1-C5 fluorocarbon; PAG is photoacid generator; 0?x/(x+y+z)?1, 0?y/(x+y+z)?1, and 0?z/(x+y+z)?1.

Abstract: A controller according to an embodiment controls a hydrogen system including at least a hydrogen production system in which received power is planned in advance and a hydrogen production amount changes in accordance with the received power. The controller includes: a processor that calculates, in a preparation time period before a demand adjustment time period in which a target value of the received power is set in advance, a control command value such that input power to be inputted as the received power to the hydrogen production system matches the target value at a start of the demand adjustment time period; and a command controller that outputs the control command value calculated by the processor to the hydrogen production system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for water based phenolic binders for silicon-dominant anodes may include an electrode coating layer on a current collector, where the electrode coating layer is formed from silicon and a pyrolyzed water-based phenolic binder. The water-based phenolic binder may include phenolic/resol type polymers crosslinked with poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride), poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid), and/or Poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADAM). The electrode coating layer may further include conductive additives. The current collector may comprise one or more of a copper, tungsten, stainless steel, and nickel foil in electrical contact with the electrode coating layer. The electrode coating layer may include more than 70% silicon. The electrode may be in electrical and physical contact with an electrolyte, where the electrolyte includes a liquid, solid, or gel. The battery electrode may be in a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: A resist composition comprising a base polymer and an acid generator containing a sulfonium salt having the formula (1) or an iodonium salt having the formula (2).

Abstract: A positive resist composition comprising a base polymer comprising recurring units having a carboxyl group whose hydrogen is substituted by a pyridine ring-containing tertiary hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: A fluorocarboxylic acid-containing polymer comprising recurring units having formula (A1), but not acid labile group-containing recurring units is provided. A resist composition comprising the same offers a high sensitivity and is unsusceptible to nano-bridging or pattern collapse independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

Abstract: A transfer film includes a temporary support; and a photosensitive layer, in which the photosensitive layer includes a polymer A containing a constitutional unit represented by Formula A1, a constitutional unit derived from a monomer having an alicyclic structure, and a constitutional unit having a radically polymerizable group, a radically polymerizable compound, and a photopolymerization initiator, a content of the constitutional unit represented by Formula A1 is 10% by mass or more with respect to a total mass of the polymer A, a content of the constitutional unit derived from the monomer having the alicyclic structure is 15% by mass or more with respect to a total mass of the polymer A, and a glass transition temperature of a homopolymer of the monomer having the alicyclic structure is 120° C. or higher.

Abstract: A use, in an electrolyte for a battery, of an additive which includes at least one organocatalyst. Also, a method of preventing the contact between the anode and residual water in a battery and/or reducing the level of gas in a battery. Moreover, an electrolyte for a battery, including an additive which includes at least one organocatalyst. Moreover, a battery including an electrolyte which includes an additive which comprises at least one organocatalyst.

Abstract: Provided are organometallic compounds including a ligand LA of Formula I

Abstract: A resist composition including a resin component having a constitutional unit derived from a compound represented by General Formula (a01-1) and a constitutional unit derived from a compound represented by General Formula (a02-1), and an acid generator component composed of an anion moiety and a cation moiety. In General Formula (a01-1), W1 represents a polymerizable group-containing group, Ct represents a tertiary carbon atom, R11 represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, R12 and R13 represent a chain saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and a carbon atom at an ?-position of Ct constitutes a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.

Abstract: A resist composition including a compound (D0) represented by general formula (d0) and a polymeric compound (A10) having a structural unit (a0) derived from a compound represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below (in formula (d0), n represents an integer of 2 or more; in formula (a0-1), W1 represents a polymerizable group-containing group; Ct represents a tertiary carbon atom, and the ?-position of Ct is a carbon atom which constitutes a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond; R11 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or a chain hydrocarbon group; R12 and R13 each independently represents a chain hydrocarbon group, or R12 and R13 are mutually bonded to form a cyclic group

Abstract: Graphene electrodes-based supercapacitors are in demand due to superior electrochemical characteristics. However, commercial applications have been limited by inferior electrode cycle life. A method to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitor electrodes using pristine graphene sheets vertically-stacked and electrically connected to the carbon fibers which results in vertically-aligned graphene-carbon fiber nanostructure is disclosed. The vertically-aligned graphene-carbon fiber electrode prepared by electrophoretic deposition possesses a mesoporous three-dimensional architecture which enabled faster and efficient electrolyte-ion diffusion with a specific capacitance of 333.3 F g?1. The electrodes have electrochemical cycling stability of more than 100,000 cycles with 100% capacitance retention. Apart from the electrochemical double layer charge storage, the oxygen-containing surface moieties and ?-Ni(OH)2 present on the graphene sheets enhance the charge storage by faradaic reactions.

Abstract: Provided are an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a resin (A), in which the resin (A) includes a repeating unit having an acidic group and a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group, a content of the repeating unit having an acidic group is 15% by mole or more with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A), a content of the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group is more than 20% by mole with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A), a glass transition temperature of the resin (A) is 145° C. or lower, and the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition is used for formation of a film having a film thickness of 2 ?m or more; and a resist film, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device, each using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.

Abstract: An example of a flow cell includes a substrate; a first primer set attached to a first region on the substrate, the first primer set including an un-cleavable first primer and a cleavable second primer; and a second primer set attached to a second region on the substrate, the second primer set including a cleavable first primer and an un-cleavable second primer.

Abstract: Thermal management systems are provided for thermally managing electrified vehicle battery packs. An exemplary battery thermal management system may monitor the availability and effectiveness of a radiator for thermally managing a battery pack. A control unit may be configured to actuate a valve from an open position to a closed position that prevents the flow of the coolant to the radiator when a coolant temperature of the coolant is less than a modified ambient temperature. The modified ambient temperature may be derived as a function of a vehicle speed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resist composition including a compound represented by formula (I), a resin having an acid-labile group and an acid generator: wherein, in formula (I), R1 represents a halogen atom or an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m1 represents an integer of 1 to 5, and when m1 is 2 or more, a plurality of R1 may be the same or different from each other.

Abstract: Provided is a binder composition for a non-aqueous secondary battery electrode that can form a slurry composition for a non-aqueous secondary battery electrode having excellent viscosity stability and a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics. The binder composition for a non-aqueous secondary battery electrode contains: a polymer that includes a monomer unit including a functional group that is bondable with a cationic group and a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer unit; and an organic compound that includes at least two cationic groups. The binder composition for a non-aqueous secondary battery electrode has a viscosity change rate of 400% or less when left at rest at a temperature of 60° C. for 30 days.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resist composition including a compound represented by formula (I), a resin having an acid-labile group and an acid generator, the resin having an acid-labile group including at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) and a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2):

Abstract: An electricity storage block includes: an element stacked body in which a plurality of square electricity storage elements is stacked and arranged such that wide surfaces of the adjacent square electricity storage elements are opposed to each other; and a pressing device that presses the element stacked body toward the thermally-conductive sheet arranged on the heat transfer plate. The element stacked body includes holders having wide surface abutment parts in abutment with one of the wide surfaces in a pair in at least the predetermined square electricity storage element. The outer surfaces of the bottom plates of the square electricity storage elements are set as heat transfer surfaces thermally connected to the heat transfer plate via the thermally-conductive sheet. The heat-transfer surfaces protrude toward the heat transfer plate more than the end surfaces of the wide surface abutment parts at the heat transfer plate side.

Abstract: A resist composition including a compound represented by formula (b1) in which Rb1 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent; Rb2 and Rb3 each independently represents an aryl group which may have a substituent or an alkyl group which may have a substituent; provided that at least one of the aryl group represented by Rb1 and the aryl group or the alkyl group represented by Rb2 or Rb3 has a substituent containing a halogen atom, and at least one of the aryl group represented by Rb1 and the aryl group or the alkyl group represented by Rb2 or Rb3 has a substituent containing a sulfonyl group; and X? represents a counteranion